scholarly journals What Is the Most Effective Way of Increasing the Bioavailability of Dietary Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids—Daily vs. Weekly Administration of Fish Oil?

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 5628-5645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ghasemifard ◽  
Andrew Sinclair ◽  
Gunveen Kaur ◽  
Paul Lewandowski ◽  
Giovanni Turchini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Weekly Administration ◽  
Long Chain

Biomass Production and Fatty Acids Long Chain Polyunsaturated Omega 3 (LC-PUFAs) Chilean Strain Using Thraustochytrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
David Silva ◽  
Gabriel Cortínez ◽  
Benita H. Quilodrán
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Protists ◽  
Long Chain

Global utilization of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has increased steadily in the last decade which has imposed a huge demand for fish oil as it is currently the only source capable of sustaining the enormous commercial requirements this input worldwide. They are currently using various microorganisms to produce single cells oil (SCO) high in LC-PUFAs, within which highlights the thraustochytrids (TH). The TH is a group of marine protists (pseudofungi) with capacity to produce LC-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this study the chilean VAL-B1 strain was grown in glucose, starch and glycerol being obtained biomass production and LC-PUFAs. Biomass values ​​obtained were 1.02 ± 0.32 g/L, 1.25 ± 0.44 g/L and 1.44 ± 0.27 g/L of glucose, glycerol and starch respectively. The profile of LC-PUFAs showed a percentage of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose of 59.34%, 61.50% in starch and glycerol of 47.86%. The greater this value was to omega-3 DHA when starch was used, with 68.16 mg/g being greater than 45.77 mg/g glycerol and 63.89 mg/g in glucose. Therefore, we conclude that VAL-B1 produces more biomass has greater value of omega-3 LC-PUFAs and greater concentration of DHA when starch is used as a source of substrate for cultures.

Fish or Chips?

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Axel R. Heller ◽  
Hermann J. Theilen ◽  
Thea Koch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Cell membranes are not simply barriers separating intracellular from extracellular space. Rather, they represent a dynamic high-turnover system that adapts to current demands. During inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are formed from membrane-derived phospholipids. Encouraging improvements in critically ill patients were observed after nutritional replacement of long-chain omega-6 fatty acids with long-chain omega-3-fatty acids, contained in fish oil.

Abstract 266: Role of Marine Long-chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acid in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Possible Mechanism to Reduce the Atherosclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hong Yang ◽  
Boris Vaisman ◽  
Milton Pryor ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
Daiju Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Long Chain

Numerous studies have shown cardiovascular benefits of fish oil, and most of these favorable effects have been attributed to omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oils, however, also contain varying amounts of other unusual types of fatty acids, such as long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA; i.e., C20:1 and C22:1 isomers combined). Compared with well-studied omega-3, limited information is available on the role of LCMUFA on cardiovascular disease. In the current study, we examined the effect of saury fish oil-derived LCMUFA concentrate on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient and LDLR-deficient mice. Male ApoE-deficient mice were fed a western diet supplemented with 5% LCMUFA concentrate or not (control) for 12 weeks. En face Sudan IV staining of the aorta revealed that LCMUFA significantly suppressed the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and down-regulated inflammatory gene expression. In LDLR-deficient female mice, we also observed that 12-week supplementation of 2% LCMUFA on a western diet significantly decreased atherosclerosis lesion areas and accumulation of macrophages, compared with western diet (control) or western diet supplemented with 2% olive oil enriched in shorter-chain MUFA oleic acid (C18:1). There were no differences, however, in plasma or hepatic lipid profiles between the three groups. LCMUFA, but not olive oil, also significantly suppressed several plasma inflammatory cytokine levels. RNA sequencing and subsequent qPCR analyses revealed that LCMUFA upregulated PPAR signaling pathways in liver. In cell culture studies, apoB-depleted plasma from the LCMUFA group promoted cholesterol efflux from macrophage-like THP-1 cells and ABCA1-overexpressing BHK cells. LCMUFA also suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. In conclusion, our research showed for the first time that LCMUFA consumption could protects against atherosclerosis, possibly by upregulating the PPAR signaling pathway. Omega-3 fatty acids are generally considered the major active components in fish lipids, but our findings provide new insights into potential health effect of LCMUFA-rich fish oil and suggest that LCMUFA-rich fish oil may also be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

scholarly journals Original Research: Effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver: Efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xue Du ◽  
Jianliang Shen ◽  
Lizhi Lu ◽  
Weiqun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with potential health benefits for chronic disease prevention. Our previous studies found that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could accumulate in the meat and eggs in a duck model. This study was to reveal the effects of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile and conversion of omega-3 fatty acids in duck liver. Female Shan Partridge Ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. The experimental diets substituted the basal diet by 2% of flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow, or fish oil, respectively. In addition, a dose response study was further conducted for flaxseed and fish oil diets at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. At the end of the five-week treatment, fatty acids were extracted from the liver samples and analyzed by GC-FID. As expected, the total omega-3 fatty acids and the ratio of total omega-3/omega-6 significantly increased in both flaxseed and fish oil groups when compared with the control diet. No significant change of total saturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids was found in both rapeseed and beef tallow groups. The dose response study further indicated that 59–81% of the short-chain omega-3 ALA in flaxseed oil-fed group was efficiently converted to long-chain DHA in the duck liver, whereas 1% of dietary flaxseed oil could produce an equivalent level of DHA as 0.5% of dietary fish oil. The more omega-3 fatty acids, the less omega-6 fatty acids in the duck liver. Taken together, this study showed the fatty acid profiling in the duck liver after various dietary fat consumption, provided insight into a dose response change of omega-3 fatty acids, indicated an efficient conversion of short- to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, and suggested alternative long-chain omega-3 fatty acid-enriched duck products for human health benefits.

Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hadeer Zakaria ◽  
Tarek M. Mostafa ◽  
Gamal A. El-Azab ◽  
Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

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