Fish or Chips?

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Axel R. Heller ◽  
Hermann J. Theilen ◽  
Thea Koch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Cell membranes are not simply barriers separating intracellular from extracellular space. Rather, they represent a dynamic high-turnover system that adapts to current demands. During inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are formed from membrane-derived phospholipids. Encouraging improvements in critically ill patients were observed after nutritional replacement of long-chain omega-6 fatty acids with long-chain omega-3-fatty acids, contained in fish oil.

scholarly journals Original Research: Effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver: Efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xue Du ◽  
Jianliang Shen ◽  
Lizhi Lu ◽  
Weiqun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with potential health benefits for chronic disease prevention. Our previous studies found that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could accumulate in the meat and eggs in a duck model. This study was to reveal the effects of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile and conversion of omega-3 fatty acids in duck liver. Female Shan Partridge Ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. The experimental diets substituted the basal diet by 2% of flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow, or fish oil, respectively. In addition, a dose response study was further conducted for flaxseed and fish oil diets at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. At the end of the five-week treatment, fatty acids were extracted from the liver samples and analyzed by GC-FID. As expected, the total omega-3 fatty acids and the ratio of total omega-3/omega-6 significantly increased in both flaxseed and fish oil groups when compared with the control diet. No significant change of total saturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids was found in both rapeseed and beef tallow groups. The dose response study further indicated that 59–81% of the short-chain omega-3 ALA in flaxseed oil-fed group was efficiently converted to long-chain DHA in the duck liver, whereas 1% of dietary flaxseed oil could produce an equivalent level of DHA as 0.5% of dietary fish oil. The more omega-3 fatty acids, the less omega-6 fatty acids in the duck liver. Taken together, this study showed the fatty acid profiling in the duck liver after various dietary fat consumption, provided insight into a dose response change of omega-3 fatty acids, indicated an efficient conversion of short- to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, and suggested alternative long-chain omega-3 fatty acid-enriched duck products for human health benefits.

scholarly journals Intravenous Lipid Emulsions to Deliver Bioactive Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improved Patient Outcomes

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Meta Analyses

Lipids used in intravenous nutrition support (i.e., parenteral nutrition) provide energy, building blocks, and essential fatty acids. These lipids are included as emulsions since they need to be soluble in an aqueous environment. Fish oil is a source of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). Lipid emulsions, including fish oil, have been used for parenteral nutrition for adult patients post-surgery (mainly gastrointestinal). This has been associated with alterations in biomarkers of inflammation and immune defense, and in some studies, a reduction in length of intensive care unit and hospital stay. These benefits, along with a reduction in infections, are emphasized through recent meta-analyses. Perioperative administration of fish oil may be superior to postoperative administration, but this requires further exploration. Parenteral fish oil has been used in critically ill adult patients. Here, the influence on inflammatory processes, immune function, and clinical endpoints is less clear. However, some studies found reduced inflammation, improved gas exchange, and shorter length of hospital stay in critically ill patients if they received fish oil. Meta-analyses do not present a consistent picture but are limited by the small number and size of studies. More and better trials are needed in patient groups in which parenteral nutrition is used and where fish oil, as a source of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids, may offer benefits.

scholarly journals What Is the Most Effective Way of Increasing the Bioavailability of Dietary Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids—Daily vs. Weekly Administration of Fish Oil?

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 5628-5645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ghasemifard ◽  
Andrew Sinclair ◽  
Gunveen Kaur ◽  
Paul Lewandowski ◽  
Giovanni Turchini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Weekly Administration ◽  
Long Chain

Biomass Production and Fatty Acids Long Chain Polyunsaturated Omega 3 (LC-PUFAs) Chilean Strain Using Thraustochytrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
David Silva ◽  
Gabriel Cortínez ◽  
Benita H. Quilodrán
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Protists ◽  
Long Chain

Global utilization of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has increased steadily in the last decade which has imposed a huge demand for fish oil as it is currently the only source capable of sustaining the enormous commercial requirements this input worldwide. They are currently using various microorganisms to produce single cells oil (SCO) high in LC-PUFAs, within which highlights the thraustochytrids (TH). The TH is a group of marine protists (pseudofungi) with capacity to produce LC-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this study the chilean VAL-B1 strain was grown in glucose, starch and glycerol being obtained biomass production and LC-PUFAs. Biomass values ​​obtained were 1.02 ± 0.32 g/L, 1.25 ± 0.44 g/L and 1.44 ± 0.27 g/L of glucose, glycerol and starch respectively. The profile of LC-PUFAs showed a percentage of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose of 59.34%, 61.50% in starch and glycerol of 47.86%. The greater this value was to omega-3 DHA when starch was used, with 68.16 mg/g being greater than 45.77 mg/g glycerol and 63.89 mg/g in glucose. Therefore, we conclude that VAL-B1 produces more biomass has greater value of omega-3 LC-PUFAs and greater concentration of DHA when starch is used as a source of substrate for cultures.

Supplementation of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases plasma DHA concentration and may increase trot stride lengths in horses

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Woodward ◽  
B D Nielsen ◽  
C I O'Connor ◽  
C D Skelly ◽  
S K Webel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractTwelve mature and six 2-year-old Arabian horses were used to determine the effect of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma fatty acids and lameness. Lameness scores and stride lengths were measured on day 0. Horses were striated and pair-matched according to age, gender, stride length and, for mature horses, lameness score, and each horse was fed either a treatment diet containing 5.95 g of stabilized omega-3 fatty acids plus a fat carrier (FA), for a total of 19.4 g fat, or a control diet containing 49 g of corn oil (CO) for 75 days. Horses were exercised 5 d week− 1, and blood samples were drawn and body weights recorded on days 0, 25, 50 and 75. Lameness scores and stride lengths were recorded again on day 75. Total plasma omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were higher on all days in FA horses than in CO horses. Total plasma omega-6 fatty acids increased from days 0 to 25, remained elevated through day 50 and returned to baseline on day 75 in all horses. The ratio of plasma omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids was lower in FA horses. Horses on FA had increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on days 25, 50 and 75. No difference in walk stride length was noted; however, FA horses tended to have a longer trot stride after supplementation when compared with CO horses. No differences were seen in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite or tumour necrosis factor-α as measured in blood serum. In summary, supplementing omega-3 fatty acids increases plasma DHA, although there was no overall increase in omega-3 in FA horses. While a trend to increase trot stride length was seen, no differences in lameness scores between treatments were noted.

scholarly journals Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Lemuru Fish By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2271-2282
Author(s):  
Wawan Kosasih ◽  
Tina Rosmalina R. ◽  
Chandra Risdian ◽  
Endang Saepudin ◽  
Sri Priatni Sri Priatni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
By Products

Production of omega-3 fatty acids from lemuru fish by-products was studied by enzymatic hydrolysis using a lipase enzyme in one liter of the batch reactor. The hydrolysis temperature of fish oil was set at 45 to 55 ℃ for 0 to 24 h, whereas agitation from 50 to 150 rpm. RSM-Box Bhenken was used to study the effect of these parameters on omega-3 (EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) content. The % free fatty acid (FFA), acid index, peroxide index, iodine index, and saponification index of lemuru fish oil was 0.925, 2.52, 42.5, 97.28, and 160.11%, respectively. GC-MS analysis results showed that unsaturated fatty acids content (62.34%), which are consisted of omega-3 (EPA, DHA, and ALA), omega-6 and omega-9, was much higher than saturated acids (12.97%). The experiment data showed that the highest EPA (1.221%) and DHA (0.312%) content were reached at 50 ℃ and 24 h with 150 rpm of agitation. However, through the RSM-Box Bhenken analysis and 3D surface plot, it was suggested that the optimum condition was obtained at 45 ℃ and 24 h with 150 rpm of agitation with the content of EPA, DHA, and ALA were 1.709, 0.49, and 1.237%, respectively.

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