scholarly journals Iron Stores of Breastfed Infants during the First Year of Life

Nutrients ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2023-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekhard Ziegler ◽  
Steven Nelson ◽  
Janice Jeter
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Cut‐off points for serum ferritin to identify low iron stores during the first year of life in a cohort of Mexican infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Pérez‐Acosta ◽  
Ximena Duque ◽  
Belem Trejo‐Valdivia ◽  
Samuel Flores‐Huerta ◽  
Sergio Flores‐Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
First Year ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
First Year Of Life

Iron intake and iron status in breastfed infants during the first year of life

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Dube ◽  
Jana Schwartz ◽  
Manfred J. Mueller ◽  
Hermann Kalhoff ◽  
Mathilde Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Closer to the Gold Standard: An Appraisal of Formulae Available in Italy for Use in Formula-fed Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Riva ◽  
E Verduci ◽  
C Agostoni ◽  
M Giovannini
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
First Year Of Life

Infant formulae are the only alternatives to breast milk for infants who are unable to continue breastfeeding through the first year of life. They aim to provide formula-fed infants with the same structural and functional benefits observed in breastfed infants. To achieve this, bioactive nutrients have been added to infant formulae in recent years: long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for neurodevelopment; probiotics and prebiotics for local gastrointestinal defence; and nucleotides for promoting the immune response. Changes in protein quantity and quality allow infant formulae to achieve a balance between providing the correct plasma amino acid profile and reducing the protein intake, which could prevent obesity in later life. Hydrolysed proteins may help prevent atopic disorders. Many short-term trials have been published but long-term follow-up data are needed in infants who have been fed the newer infant formulae, to fully understand the role of bioactive nutrients.

scholarly journals Iron Status of Infants in the First Year of Life in Northern Taiwan

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Ming Chen ◽  
Shu-Ci Mu ◽  
Chun-Kuang Shih ◽  
Yi-Ling Chen ◽  
Li-Yi Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) typically occur in developing countries. Notably, ID and IDA can affect an infant’s emotion, cognition, and development. Breast milk is considered the best food for infants. However, recent studies have indicated that breastfeeding for more than six months increases the risk of ID. This study investigated the prevalence of ID and IDA, as well as the association between feeding type and iron nutritional status in northern Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on infants who returned to the well-baby clinic for routine examination from October 2012 to January 2014. Overall, 509 infants aged 1–12 months completed the iron nutritional status analysis, anthropometric measurement, and dietary intake assessment, including milk and complementary foods. The results revealed that 49 (10%) and 21 (4%) infants in their first year of life had ID and IDA, respectively, based on the World Health Organization criteria. Breastfed infants had a higher prevalence rate of ID and IDA than mixed-fed and formula-fed infants (p < 0.001). Regarding biomarkers of iron status, plasma hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin saturation (%) levels were significantly lower in ID and IDA groups. The prevalence of ID and IDA were 3.7% and 2.7%, respectively, in infants under six months of age, but increased to 20.4% and 6.6%, respectively, in infants above six months of age. The healthy group had a higher total iron intake than ID and IDA groups, mainly derived from infant formula. The total dietary iron intake was positively correlated with infants’ Hb levels. Compared with formula-fed infants, the logistic regression revealed that the odds ratio for ID was 2.157 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.369–3.399) and that for IDA was 4.196 (95% CI: 1.780–9.887) among breastfed infants (p < 0.001) after adjusted for all confounding factors (including gestational week, birthweight, sex, body weight percentile, body length percentile, age of infants, mothers’ BMI, gestational weight gain, education level, and hemoglobin level before delivery). In conclusion, our results determined that breastfeeding was associated with an increased the prevalence of ID and/or IDA, especially in infants above six months. This suggests that mothers who prolonged breastfeed after six months could provide high-quality iron-rich foods to reduce the prevalence of ID and IDA.

scholarly journals Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Measelle ◽  
Dare A. Baldwin ◽  
Jelisa Gallant ◽  
Kathleen Chan ◽  
Tim J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Sources of Supplemental Iron Among Breastfed Infants During the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S98-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Dee ◽  
Andrea J. Sharma ◽  
Mary E. Cogswell ◽  
Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn ◽  
Sara B. Fein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Longitudinal profiles of dietary and microbial metabolites in formula- and breastfed infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Sillner ◽  
Alesia Walker ◽  
Marianna Lucio ◽  
Tanja V Maier ◽  
Monika Bazanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACTThe early-life metabolome of the intestinal tract is dynamically influenced by colonization of gut microbiota which in turn is affected by nutrition, i.e. breast milk or formula. A detailed examination of fecal metabolites was performed to investigate the effect of probiotics in formula compared to control formula and breast milk within the first months of life in healthy neonates. A broad metabolomics approach was conceptualized to describe fecal polar and semi-polar metabolites affected by diet within the first year of life. Fecal metabolomes were clearly distinct between formula- and breastfed infants, mainly originating from diet and microbial metabolism. Unsaturated fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharides were increased in breastfed, whereas Maillard products were found in feces of formula-fed children. Altered microbial metabolism was represented by bile acids and aromatic amino acid metabolites. Elevated levels of sulfated bile acids were detected in stool samples of breastfed infants, whereas secondary bile acids were increased in formula-fed infants. Co-microbial metabolism was supported by significant correlation between chenodeoxycholic or lithocholic acid and members of Clostridia. Fecal metabolites showed strong inter- and intra-individual behavior with features uniquely present in certain infants and at specific time points. Nevertheless, metabolite profiles converged at the end of the first year, coincided with solid food introduction.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Initiation and Discontinuation of Vitamin D Supplementation Among Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selen HURMUZLU KOZLER ◽  
Tulin Revide SAYLI
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Further Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: To determine vitamin D supplementation frequency among infants, factors that influence adherence, and reasons for discontinuation of initiated vitamin D. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire administered to the mothers via a face-to-face interview on 560 infants aged from 1 to 24 months admitted to outpatient clinics from June to December 2017. Results: A total of 351 infants were administered vitamin D, and the rate of supplementation in the first year of life was 83%, while it was only 28% between 13 and 24 months. The rate of vitamin D supplementation was higher among infants who were exclusively formula-fed (p&lt;.05). When the data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, only visit family physicians seems to be a statistically significant independent variable in increasing supplementation (p&lt;.05). Compared with family refusal, the rate of discontinuation of vitamin D by the healthcare providers was higher after the first year of life (p&lt;.05). The rates of vitamin D discontinuation by healthcare providers, especially by nurses who considered the duration of supplementation adequate, were statistically significantly higher when compared with the fontanel closure and other reasons (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The rate of vitamin D supplementation was higher among families who visited family physicians, which suggests the importance of well-baby visits. Since vitamin D supplementation was less common among exclusively breastfed infants, mothers should be educated. Healthcare professionals need further education about the importance of vitamin D supplementation and indications for discontinuation.

scholarly journals Infants’ Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the First Year of Life in Northern Taiwan

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Chiao-Ming Chen ◽  
Shu-Ci Mu ◽  
Yi-Ling Chen ◽  
Li-Yi Tsai ◽  
Yung-Ting Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) are common among exclusively breastfeeding infants. However, epidemiological evidence for the prevalence of VDD in infants during their first year of life in Taiwan has never been found. This trial determined the prevalence of VDD and VDI and the association between dietary vitamin D and vitamin D nutritional status in Northern Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on infants who returned to well-baby examinations from October 2012 to January 2014 in three hospitals: Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, and Shuang Ho Hospital. The specific vitamin D cut-off concentrations for VDD, VDI, and VDS are 25(OH)D3 levels ≤20, 21–29, and ≥30 (ng/mL). Overall, 481 infants’ parents completed a questionnaire comprising questions related to vitamin D nutritional status, including weekly time outdoors, breastfeeding status, anthropometric measurement, and assessment of dietary intake, including milk and complementary food. The results revealed that 197 (41%) and 212 (44%) of infants in their first year of life had VDI and VDD, respectively, by the Endocrine Society guidelines. Breastfed infants had a higher prevalence of VDI (86.1%) than did mixed-fed (51.9%) and formula-fed (38.5%) infants (p < 0.001). The prevalence of VDD was 55.4% in infants aged under six months but increased to 61.6% in infants aged over six months. Infants in the VDI and VDD groups had the same anthropometrics as those in the vitamin D sufficiency (VDS) group. Our results revealed that 25(OH)D3 had a negative correlation with the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) when the serum 25(OH)D3 level ≤20 ng/mL (r = −0.21, p = 0.001). The VDS group had a higher total vitamin D intake than did the VDI and VDD groups, which was mainly obtained from infant formula. Our data revealed that dietary vitamin D intake and birth season were major indicators in predicting VDD. Lower dietary vitamin D intake and born in winter and spring significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for VDI by 1.15 (95% CI 1.09–1.20) and 2.02 (95% CI 1.10–3.70), respectively, and that for VDD by 1.23 (95% CI 1.16–1.31) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.35–4.17) without covariates adjustment, respectively. Furthermore, ORs for VDI and VDD significantly differed after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, the prevalence of VDI and VDD were high in infants during the first year of life. Breastfeeding infants had difficulty in obtaining sufficient vitamin D from diet. In cases where the amount of sun exposure that is safe and sufficient to improve vitamin D status is unclear, breastfed infants aged below one year old are recommended to be supplemented with vitamin D.

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