scholarly journals A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet—A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4380
Author(s):  
Francesca Tettamanzi ◽  
Vincenzo Bagnardi ◽  
Panayiotis Louca ◽  
Ana Nogal ◽  
Gianna Serafina Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Insulin Resistant

The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions—Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)—improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M–HP or HP–M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = −6.98 (−12.30, −1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.03, −0.52), p = 9 × 10−3); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (−3.13 (−4.60, −1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10−4), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

863-P: In Patients without Diabetes, Glycemic Variability Derived from Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Data Relates to Hyperglycemia More Than Insulin Resistance

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 863-P
Author(s):  
YUAN ZHANG ◽  
EVAN A. OLAWSKY ◽  
ALISON C. ALVEAR ◽  
LYNN E. EBERLY ◽  
LISA S. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycemic Variability

scholarly journals Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women

Diabetologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. McAuley ◽  
C. M. Hopkins ◽  
K. J. Smith ◽  
R. T. McLay ◽  
S. M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Diet composition and insulin action in animal models

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len H. Storlien ◽  
J. A. Higgins ◽  
T. C. Thomas ◽  
M. A. Brown ◽  
H. Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Major Interest

Critical insights into the etiology of insulin resistance have been gained by the use of animal models where insulin action has been modulated by strictly controlled dietary interventions not possible in human studies. Overall, the literature has moved from a focus on macronutrient proportions to understanding the unique effects of individual subtypes of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Substantial evidence has now accumulated for a major role of dietary fat subtypes in insulin action. Intake of saturated fats is strongly linked to development of obesity and insulin resistance, while that of polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) is not. This is consistent with observations that saturated fats are poorly oxidized for energy and thus readily stored, are poorly mobilized by lipolytic stimuli, impair membrane function, and increase the expression of genes associated with adipocyte profileration (making their own home). PUFAs have contrasting effects in each instance. It is therefore not surprising that increased PUFA intake in animal models is associated with improved insulin action and reduced adiposity. Less information is available for carbohydrate subtypes. Early work clearly demonstrated that diets high in simple sugars (in particular fructose) led to insulin resistance. However, again attention has rightly shifted to the very interesting issue of subtypes of complex carbohydrates. While no differences in insulin action have yet been shown, differences in substrate flux suggest there could be long-term beneficial effects on the fat balance of diets enhanced in slowly digested/resistant starches. A new area of major interest is in protein subtypes. Recent results have shown that rats fed high-fat diets where the protein component was from casein or soy were insulin-resistant, but when the protein source was from cod they were not. These are exciting times in our growing understanding of dietary factors and insulin action. While it has been clear for some time that ‘oils ain't oils’, the same is now proving true for carbohydrates and proteins.

Insulin Resistance, Leptin and TNF-α System in Morbidly Obese Women after Gastric Bypass

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Molina ◽  
Joan Vendrell ◽  
Cristina Gutiérrez ◽  
Inmaculada Simón ◽  
C. Masdevall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Tnf Α

Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sam
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistant

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder among reproductive-age women and is associated with a high risk for metabolic disorders. Adiposity and insulin resistance are two prevalent conditions in PCOS and the likely culprits for the heightened metabolic risk. Up to 60% of women with PCOS are considered to be overweight or obese, and even among non-obese women with PCOS there is an increased accumulation of adipose tissue in abdominal depots. Insulin resistance in PCOS is unique and independent of obesity, as even non-obese women with this condition are frequently insulin resistant. However, obesity substantially aggravates the insulin resistance and the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in women with PCOS. Recently, it has been shown that many aspects of adipose tissue function in PCOS are abnormal, and these abnormalities likely predispose to development of insulin resistance even in the absence of obesity. This review provides an overview of these abnormalities and their impact on development of metabolic disorders. At the end, an overview of the therapeutic options for management of adiposity and its complications in PCOS are discussed.

scholarly journals Insulin sensitizing drugs increase the endogenous dopaminergic tone in obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ortega-González ◽  
L Cardoza ◽  
B Coutiño ◽  
R Hidalgo ◽  
G Arteaga-Troncoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistant

To investigate whether the long-term administration of metformin or pioglitazone to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could induce changes in their hypothalamic dopaminergic (DA) tone and to analyze whether these changes correlated with modifications in insulin resistance, we originally studied 57 obese hyperinsulinemic, non-diabetic, insulin resistant women with PCOS, but only 34 completed the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: group one (n=17) received pioglitazone (30 mg/day) and group 2 (n=17) received metformin (850 mg, three times a day) over 24 weeks. All women were identically studied before (basal) and 6 months after (T6) drug administration, including clinical evaluations, a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) (OGTT) for glucose and insulin measurements, followed a week later by a 2 h intravenous metoclopramide test (10 mg bolus) for prolactin (PRL) determinations. The areas under the insulin (AUC-insulin) and PRL (AUC-PRL) curves were calculated, along with the index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the indexes of insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and fasting glucose–insulin ratio). At baseline, women in both groups were of similar age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score (F-G score). At completion of the study, body weight and BMI remained unchanged but the F-G score significantly decreased. Fasting serum insulin concentrations and the AUC-insulin significantly decreased by the end of the trial in a similar fashion in both groups, while the AUC-PRL significantly increased at the end of the trial in both groups. At no time were significant correlations between AUC-PRL and AUC-insulin or the indexes HOMA-IR, QUICKI or fasting glucose–insulin ratio observed. The present results suggests that either pioglitazone or metformin administration was associated with a clear improvement in the endogenous hypothalamic DA tone, simultaneously with an amelioration of the insulin resistance status in these obese women with PCOS.

Impact of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Super Versus Morbidly Obese Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Iannelli ◽  
Rodolphe Anty ◽  
Thierry Piche ◽  
Moucef Dahman ◽  
Philippe Gual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Women
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