scholarly journals Appetite and Satiety Control—Contribution of Gut Mechanisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3635
Author(s):  
Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity, and its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and hepatic disease and certain cancers, continues to rise at an alarming rate worldwide [...]

scholarly journals PSY8 - PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S437
Author(s):  
M.A. Hammad ◽  
S.A. Syed Sulaiman ◽  
D.A. Mohamed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

scholarly journals Multiagonist Unimolecular Peptides for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Advances and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955142090584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Hasib
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The ever-increasing prevalence of obesity and Type 2 diabetes has necessitated the development of newer and more effective approaches for achieving efficient glycemic control and weight loss. Conventional treatment methods often result in weight gain, further deteriorating the already impaired metabolic control in people with obesity/Type 2 diabetes. Alleviation of obesity and diabetes achieved after bariatric surgeries highlight the therapeutic importance of gut-brain axis and entails development of more patient-friendly approaches replicating the positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Given the potential involvement of several gut hormones in the success of bariatric surgery, the therapeutic importance of synergistic interaction between these hormones for improved metabolism cannot be ignored. Many unimolecular multiagonist peptides are in preclinical and clinical trials as they maximize the combinatorial metabolic efficacy by concurrent activation of multiple gut hormone receptors. This review summarizes the ongoing developments of multiagonist peptides as novel therapeutic approaches against obesity-diabetes.

scholarly journals Correlation between serum lipid profile and body mass index in young healthy medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Tejashwini V B ◽  
Ganashree C P
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean

Obesity is defined as increased accumulation of fat in various tissues in the body causes impairment in the body. The cause for obesity is imbalance between calories intake and calories expenditure There is increased intake of calorie rich foods and reduced physical activity due to urbanization all over the world.Body mass index is simple index to divide obesity among adults. It is defined as person’s weight in kilograms divided by height in meter squares (m).Obesity and elevated BMI are the major causes for development of chronic diseases like stroke, hypertension, malabsorption syndrome, Type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders.BMI and obesity are the modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and hypertension. This study was carried out to correlate the relationship between BMI and lipid profile among young healthy medical students. This study comprises 45 males and 55 females (100 in total) young adults aged between 18 to 25 years. The design for this study was cross-sectional survey. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee of BMCH, Chitradurga. BMI, lipid profile levels are measured from the subjects. A total of 100 participants were tested. Among them 45 males were males and 55 were females. The mean age of the subjects was 22 years. Among them, 30 were overweight and 17 were obese while, 4 were underweight. The mean BMI was 26.72±3.45 Kg/m. Mean serum cholesterol in 100 students was 147.63 ± 15 mg/dl, mean LDL-C was 85.23±14.8 mg/dl, mean HDL-C was 23.22±5.56 mg/dl and mean triglycerides were 76.6 ±18.5 mg/dl. The mean BMI of students was 22.5 kg/m ±5.5.It was found in our study that prevalence of overweight is the major driving forces in the development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of obesity is significantly higher among young adults. This prevalence may be due to lack of awareness and unhealthy lifestyles, so health education and more preventive measures should decrease the prevalence of obesity and cardiac risks in our medical college by modifying their lifestyle.

scholarly journals Clusterin and Its Role in Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wittwer ◽  
David Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Cardiometabolic Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Resistance To Insulin

The cardiometabolic syndrome involves a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular factors which increase the risk of patients developing both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease. Although the mechanistic underpinnings of this link remain uncertain, key factors include insulin resistance, excess visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Of these, a state of resistance to insulin action in overweight/obese patients appears to be central to the pathophysiologic process. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity-related Type 2 Diabetes, coupled with the fact that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in this patient population, a more thorough understanding of the cardiometabolic syndrome and potential options to mitigate its risk is imperative. Inherent in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is an underlying state of chronic inflammation, at least partly in response to excess adiposity. Within obese adipose tissue, an immunomodulatory shift occurs, involving a preponderance of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines/adipokines, along with antigen presentation by adipocytes. Therefore, various adipokines differentially expressed by obese adipocytes may have a significant effect on cardiometabolism. Clusterin is a molecular chaperone that is widely produced by many tissues throughout the body, but is also preferentially overexpressed by obese compared lean adipocytes and relates strongly to multiple components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the known and potential roles of circulating and adipocyte-specific clusterin in cardiometabolism and discuss potential further investigations to determine if clusterin is a viable target to attenuate both metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Building Partners-One Educator, One Site at a Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compromises the health of all communities in Wyoming. Previous studies suggest that the prevalence of obesity and diabetes is higher in rural areas compared to urban communities1. Educating people on how to prevent diabetes may significantly reduce the risk for people who have prediabetes or are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Incidence of Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Obesity and Physical Inactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrong Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Mingguang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

ObjectivesTo investigate the spatial distribution of 10-year incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with obesity and physical inactivity at a reginal level breakdown.MethodsDemographic, behavioral, medical and pharmaceutical and diagnosed T2DM incidence data were collected from a cohort of 232,064 participants who were free of diabetes at enrolment in the 45 and Up Study, conducted in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We examined the geographical trend and correlation between obesity prevalence, physical inactivity rate and age-and-gender-adjusted cumulative incidence of T2DM, aggregated based on geographical regions.ResultThe T2DM incidence, prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity rate at baseline were 6.32%, 20.24%, and 18.7%, respectively. The spatial variation of T2DM incidence was significant (Moran’s I=0.52; p<0.01), with the lowest incidence of 2.76% in Richmond Valley-Coastal and the highest of 12.27% in Mount Druitt. T2DM incidence was significantly correlated with the prevalence of obesity (Spearman r=0.62, p<0.001), percentage of participants having five sessions of physical activities or less per week (r=0.79, p<0.001) and percentage of participants walked to work (r=-0.44, p<0.001). The geographical variations in obesity prevalence and physical inactivity rate resembled the geographical variation in the incidence of T2DM.ConclusionThe spatial distribution of T2DM incidence is significantly associated with the geographical prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity rate. Regional campaigns advocating the importance of physical activities in response to the alarming T2DM epidemic should be promoted.

Nutrition Revolution—The End of the High Carbohydrates Era for Diabetes Prevention and Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Hamdy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Reducing Carbohydrates

Increased dietary carbohydrates contributed to the escalating prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. From the late seventies, several medical societies recommended reducing fat intake and replaced it with carbohydrates. These mistaken recommendations contributed to poor diabetes control, abnormal lipid profile, and increasing insulin resistance without reduction in cardiovascular mortality. Over the last few years, strong evidence suggest reducing carbohydrates intake for patients with type 2 diabetes to less than 40%. The era of high carbohydrates came to an end.

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Sarah Wild ◽  
Jackie Price
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Diabetes mellitus represents a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia, which may or may not be associated with symptoms. The chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and is associated with long-term organ damage, particularly in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of obesity (particularly abdominal obesity), hypertension, and lipid disorders, as well as an increased risk of macrovascular disease in coronary, peripheral, and cerebral arterial circulations, than people without diabetes. Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinopathy, which can lead to loss of vision, nephropathy (leading to renal failure), neuropathy (with an increased risk of foot ulcers, amputations, and foot deformations), and autonomic neuropathy, causing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and sexual dysfunction. Diabetes may have a serious emotional and social impact on affected individuals and their families, and has major economic implications for society as a whole in both developed and developing countries.

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