scholarly journals Intake Estimation of Phytochemicals in a French Well-Balanced Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3628
Author(s):  
Marie-Josèphe Amiot ◽  
Christian Latgé ◽  
Laurence Plumey ◽  
Sylvie Raynal
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Organosulfur Compound ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid ◽  
Work Supports

Phytochemicals contribute to the health benefits of plant-rich diets, notably through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, recommended daily amounts of the main dietary phytochemicals remain undetermined. We aimed to estimate the amounts of phytochemicals in a well-balanced diet. A modelled diet was created, containing dietary reference intakes for adults in France. Two one-week menus (summer and winter) were devised to reflect typical intakes of plant-based foods. Existing databases were used to estimate daily phytochemical content for seven phytochemical families: phenolic acids, flavonoids (except anthocyanins), anthocyanins, tannins, organosulfur compounds, carotenoids, and caffeine. The summer and winter menus provided 1607 and 1441 mg/day, respectively, of total polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins), the difference being driven by reduced anthocyanin intake in winter. Phenolic acids, flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and tannins accounted for approximately 50%, 25%, and 25% of total polyphenols, respectively. Dietary carotenoid and organosulfur compound content was estimated to be approximately 17 and 70 mg/day, respectively, in both seasons. Finally, both menus provided approximately 110 mg/day of caffeine, exclusively from tea and coffee. Our work supports ongoing efforts to define phytochemical insufficiency states that may occur in individuals with unbalanced diets and related disease risk factors.

scholarly journals Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Bolling ◽  
C.-Y. Oliver Chen ◽  
Diane L. McKay ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Tree Nut ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Intervention Trials

Tree nuts contain an array of phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAC) and stilbenes, all of which are included in nutrient databases, as well as phytates, sphingolipids, alkylphenols and lignans, which are not. The phytochemical content of tree nuts can vary considerably by nut type, genotype, pre- and post-harvest conditions, as well as storage conditions. Genotype affects phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols, but data are lacking for many other phytochemical classes. During the roasting process, tree nut isoflavones, flavanols and flavonols were found to be more resistant to heat than the anthocyanins, PAC and trans-resveratrol. The choice of solvents used for extracting polyphenols and phytosterols significantly affects their quantification, and studies validating these methods for tree nut phytochemicals are lacking. The phytochemicals found in tree nuts have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antiviral, chemopreventive and hypocholesterolaemic actions, all of which are known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. While tree nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans, the number of intervention trials conducted to date is limited. The objectives of the present review are to summarise tree nut: (1) phytochemicals; (2) phytochemical content included in nutrient databases and current publications; (3) phytochemicals affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions and analytical methodology; and (4) bioactivity and health benefits in humans.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical potential of Ficus roxburghii an underutilized fruit of Sikkim Himalayas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 876-880
Author(s):  
Yamuna Pandey ◽  
S. Upadhyay ◽  
S. Manivannan ◽  
L. Sharma ◽  
S.S. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Western Himalayan Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

Ficus roxburghii, “Elephant ear fig “or wild fig is one of very popular fruits found growing wild in the hills of North Eastern and North Western Himalayan region. The fruit of wild fig has also been used as medicine by the tribal people of Sikkim and other states of India. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted at Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Sikkim to access the different nutraceuticals properties as nutritional constituent like protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy value, mineral content viz.Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Co, Mo, Fe, Mn and phytochemical content such as total phenols, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and total carotenoids of F. roxburghii. The results of present study revealed that fruit of F. roxburghii contains significant amount of nutritional, mineral and phytochemical properties viz. protein (3.00±0.06%), fat (0.13±0.04%), fibre (3.06±0.02%), carbohydrate (90.81±0.44 %), energy value (376.45±1.44), Ca (23.69 ± 1.7), Mg  (73.09 ± 2.1), K (819.64 ± 12.54), Mo (0.58 ±  0.06), Na (6.73 ± 1.2), Zn (0.34 ± 0.10). Fe (26.55 ± 2.8), Cu (4.22 ± 0.20), Mn (7.11 ± 0.11), total phenols (4.13±0.52 mg GAE/ G), total flavonoid (3.10±0.09 mg GAE/ G), ascorbic acid (3.36±0.27 mg GAE/ G), anthocyanin (1.13±0.15 mg GAE/ G) and total carotenoids (0.68±0.10 mg GAE/ G). It may be concluded that the fruit of F. roxburghiiis rich in nutraceuticals and must be incorporated in our balanced diet.

Polyphenols, tannins and caffeine content and antioxidant activity of green teas coming from organic and non-organic production

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kazimierczak ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Anna Rusaczonek ◽  
Ewa Rembiałkowska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Tea Infusions ◽  
Exposed Surface Area

AbstractAmong infusions of green teabags and leafy green teas from organic and non-organic production systems we measured and compared the content of phenolic acids, flavonols and total polyphenols by spectrophotometry, the content of tannins by titration and the content of caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the antioxidant activity of the infusions was determined by spectrophotometry. The results obtained have shown that organic teas contained significantly more flavonols and tannins. However, the content of phenolic acids was higher in non-organic teas. The teas from organic and non-organic production did not differ in terms of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. There were no differences in leaf teas in relation to the teabags in contents of phenolic acids, tannins and total polyphenols. Organic teas had higher content of catechin C than the non-organic ones, but at the same time non-organic teas had more epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in comparison to organic teas. Epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin (EC) were not found to be different between the two groups of tea. Catechin was found to be significantly higher in teabags, while the EGCG was higher in leaf teas. The reason for this may be the oxidation of teabags, which have a greater exposed surface area. There was no appreciable effect of the form of tea on the content of tannins, caffeine, flavonols, phenolic acids, total polyphenols, EGC and EC as well as the antioxidant activity of the tea infusions examined.

scholarly journals Blood RNA signatures predict recent tuberculosis exposure in mice, macaques and humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Ault ◽  
Colwyn A. Headley ◽  
Alexander E. Hare ◽  
Bridget J. Carruthers ◽  
Asuncion Mejias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Work Supports

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death due to a single infectious disease. Knowing when a person was infected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (M.tb) is critical as recent infection is the strongest clinical risk factor for progression to TB disease in immunocompetent individuals. However, time since M.tb infection is challenging to determine in routine clinical practice. To define a biomarker for recent TB exposure, we determined whether gene expression patterns in blood RNA correlated with time since M.tb infection or exposure. First, we found RNA signatures that accurately discriminated early and late time periods after experimental infection in mice and cynomolgus macaques. Next, we found a 6-gene blood RNA signature that identified recently exposed individuals in two independent human cohorts, including adult household contacts of TB cases and adolescents who recently acquired M.tb infection. Our work supports the need for future longitudinal studies of recent TB contacts to determine whether biomarkers of recent infection can provide prognostic information of TB disease risk in individuals and help map recent transmission in communities.

scholarly journals Organic and Conventional Herbs Quality Reflected by Their Antioxidant Compounds Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Piotr Sabała
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this work was to determine the bioactive compounds concentration in herbs from organic and conventional production. In 2017 and 2018, herbs of four species, including basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), bear’s garlic (Allium ursinum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), and oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), were examined. The concentrations of polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were measured. Next, separation and identification of the individual bioactive compounds were completed. The obtained results show that organic herbs contained significantly higher concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids compared to conventional herbs in both investigation years. On the other hand, conventional herbs contained significantly higher concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Effect of accelerated ageing on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Dudjak ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

The influence of accelerated ageing test (AAT), i.e. of higher temperature and humidity, on the content and composition of phenolic compounds in the grains of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the years 1998 and 1999. Total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau’s phenolic reagent and free phenolic acids by an HPLC method in control samples and after deterioration treatment (AAT) in the Ebi, Estica, Nela, Samanta and Šárka cultivars. Statistical significance of deterioration treatment, cultivar, cultivation site, and harvest year was proved. Content of total polyphenols increased during deterioration and levels of the individual free phenolic acid changed depending on their structures. Mean contents of total polyphenols varied from 600 to 960 mg/kg of dry matter. The increase caused by the AAT ranged between 0–20%, the greatest mean increase was observed in the cultivar Nela (by 19%). Sinapic acid (as high as 540 mg/kg of dry matter), 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin were determined as the major phenolic acids and coumarins. A decrease of free phenolic acids containing methoxy groups in their molecules (sinapic and vanillic acids) and an increase of phenolic acids with free hydroxy groups (caffeic and gallic acids) was observed after deterioration treatment. Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect of AAT on the content of free phenolic acids was observed.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Spirulina Platensis and Punica Granatum Peel Extacts: Phytochemical Content and Antiphytophatogenic Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Ben Hlima ◽  
Thouraya Bohli ◽  
Mariem Kraiem ◽  
Abdelmottaleb Ouederni ◽  
Lotfi Mellouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
By Products

Biological control is one of the effective methods for managing plant diseases in food production and quality. In fact, there is a growing trend to find new bio-sources, such as marine algae and vegetal by-products. In this study, pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel (S1) and Spirulina platensis (S2) alone and in combinations, pomegranate peel/Spirulina: 25%/75% (S3) and 50%/50% (S4) were evaluated for antimycotoxigenic and antiphytopathogenic fungal properties. The chemical composition (moisture, dry matter, protein, lipid and ash) as well as total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins content were evaluated in the four extracts. Using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods, the anti Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata activities were measured and their correlations with phytochemical content were evaluated. Interestingly, combinations between Spirulina at 75% and pomegranate peel at 25% (S3) have a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the antifungal activity compared to S1, S2 and S4. These findings underlie the effectiveness of biocontrols over standard fungicides and imply that existing methods can be further improved by synergistic effects while maintaining food safety in an eco-friendly manner.

Involvement of Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in High Yield Characteristics of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Do Tuan Bach ◽  
Tran Dang Dat
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
The Difference

The present study examined the correlation between phenolic acids and flavonoids with high rice yield traits of rice. It was observed that the difference of phenolic contents among the tested rice lines occurred only in the vegetative stage. The concentrations of phenolic acids were higher in the rice high yield cultivars than low yield variety in the vegetative stage, but they either decreased dramatically or disappeared during the development stage. Caffeic acid was found only in high yield rice, whereas chlorogenic acid was detected only in low yield rice. Sinapic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in high yield cultivars at vegetative stage (3.7 mg/g), followed by ferulic acid (1.2 mg/g). These findings suggest that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid may play a particular role in forming yield components in rice. The cultivar B3 contained high amount of sinapic acid may be used as a natural source for pharmaceutical use.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds variation in Mentha L. Species in the course of a four-years period / Kolísanie fenolových látok v rôznych druhoch Mentha L. Počas 4 ročného obdobia

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (s9) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
S. Fialová ◽  
D. Tekeľová ◽  
K. Rendeková ◽  
J. Klinčok ◽  
M. Kolárik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Derivatives

AbstractMints rank among the most important Lamiaceae plants. In addition to essential oil, they contain many valuable phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids that participate in mints’ pharmacological properties. In this work, we examined the contents of phenolic compounds variation in the course of 4 years of vegetation. We compared the contents of total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 505 nm), total polyphenols and tannins expressed as rosmarinic acid (λ = 760 nm), and flavonoids expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (λ = 392 nm) and quercetin (λ = 420 nm) in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old plants’ dry leaves, respectively. Spectrophotometric methods of the European Pharmacopoeia were employed. Our results show high levels of active phenolic compounds, particularly in 3- and 4-year-old plants.

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