scholarly journals Alcohol Use and the Risk of Communicable Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Neo K. Morojele ◽  
Sheela V. Shenoi ◽  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
Ronald Scott Braithwaite ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Increased Risk

The body of knowledge on alcohol use and communicable diseases has been growing in recent years. Using a narrative review approach, this paper discusses alcohol’s role in the acquisition of and treatment outcomes from four different communicable diseases: these include three conditions included in comparative risk assessments to date—Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and lower respiratory infections/pneumonia—as well as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its recent and rapid ascension as a global health concern. Alcohol-attributable TB, HIV, and pneumonia combined were responsible for approximately 360,000 deaths and 13 million disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) in 2016, with alcohol-attributable TB deaths and DALYs predominating. There is strong evidence that alcohol is associated with increased incidence of and poorer treatment outcomes from HIV, TB, and pneumonia, via both behavioral and biological mechanisms. Preliminary studies suggest that heavy drinkers and those with alcohol use disorders are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection and severe illness. Aside from HIV research, limited research exists that can guide interventions for addressing alcohol-attributable TB and pneumonia or COVID-19. Implementation of effective individual-level interventions and alcohol control policies as a means of reducing the burden of communicable diseases is recommended.

Unhealthy alcohol use independently associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes among Indian men

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
S. R. Cox ◽  
A. N. Gupte ◽  
B. Thomas ◽  
S. Gaikwad ◽  
V. Mave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Unfavorable Outcome ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Alcohol Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Indian Men

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of incident TB cases worldwide are attributable to alcohol. However, evidence associating alcohol with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes is weak.METHODS: We prospectively evaluated men (≥18 years) with pulmonary TB in India for up to 24 months to investigate the association between alcohol use and treatment outcomes. Unhealthy alcohol use was defined as a score of ≥4 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) scale at entry. Unfavorable TB treatment outcomes included failure, recurrence, and all-cause mortality, analyzed as composite and independent endpoints.RESULTS: Among 751 men, we identified unhealthy alcohol use in 302 (40%). Median age was 39 years (IQR 28–50); 415 (55%) were underweight (defined as a body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2); and 198 (26%) experienced an unfavorable outcome. Unhealthy alcohol use was an independent risk factor for the composite unfavorable outcome (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.06; P = 0.03) and death (aIRR 1.90, 95% CI 1.08–3.34; P = 0.03), specifically. We found significant interaction between AUDIT-C and BMI; underweight men with unhealthy alcohol use had increased risk of unfavorable outcomes (aIRR 2.22, 95% CI 1.44–3.44; P < 0.001) compared to men with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 and AUDIT-C <4.CONCLUSION: Unhealthy alcohol use was independently associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for integrating effective alcohol interventions into TB care.

scholarly journals Correlation of Prolonged Total Ischemic Time with Body Mass Index in Kidney Transplant: A Single Center Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013
Author(s):  
Eriawan Agung Nugroho ◽  
Erwin Wibowo ◽  
Prathita Amanda Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Ischemic Time ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rising health concern worldwide, especially in Indonesia. The treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease is Kidney Transplantation.1 Numerous studies showed that prolonged total ischemic ischemic time may cause hypoxia of the graft tissue and increased risk of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) and delayed graft function (DGF).2 Body mass index of kidney transplant recipients may cause prolonged duration of the procedure, as well as prolonged total ischemic time. This study aimed to determine the correlation between prolonged total ischemic time with body mass index. Method: This was an observational and cross-sectional analysis at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang involving patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2016 to December 2019. The total ischemic time was recorded intraoperatively. The Body Mass Index data were provided by medical records. The program used to statistically analyze the data was SPSS 23.0, and Spearman was used for hypothesis testing. Result: This study included 25 kidney transplant recipients. The mean total ischemic time was 43,27 ± 6,63 minutes. There was a significant positive correlation between prolonged ischemic time and body mass index (r= 0,506 ; p= 0,010). Conclusion: Prolonged total ischemic time was positively correlated with increased body mass index and these results are statistically significant.

scholarly journals AYURVEDA FOR PREGNANT WOMEN DURING COVID-19 ERA – A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Dr. Supriya B ◽  
Dr. Savita S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Increased Risk

The Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) is highly communicable viral infection caused by SARS-CoV 2. WHO mentions that pregnant women or recently pregnant women seem to have an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19. Due to physiological changes in the body and immune system, pregnant women can be badly affected by respiratory infections. It is therefore important that they take precautions to protect themselves against COVID-19. Overall, 10% of pregnant women suffered from COVID-19. Ayurveda mentions Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care of the pregnant) which recommends ahara (dietary regimen) and vihara (specific activity for physical, emotional and mental wellbeing) that is required for the safe motherhood and healthy progeny. Here is an attempt to understand how Garbhini paricharya helps in preventing corona. KEY WORDS: Garbhini paricharya, COVID-19, Pregnancy

scholarly journals Nutrition Knowledge is Associated With the Consumption of Iron Rich Foods: A Survey Among Pregnant Women From a Rural District in Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110394
Author(s):  
Nhyira Yaw Adjei-Banuah ◽  
Victor Abugah Aduah ◽  
Shamsu-Deen Ziblim ◽  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
Anthony Amalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia is an international public health concern and pregnant women are at an increased risk. We investigated the consumption of iron rich foods and associated factors among pregnant women in a rural district from Ghana. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, dietary intake of iron rich foods was obtained from 252 pregnant women using a 24-hour recall food check list. Nutrition knowledge, attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics were also assessed. Findings: Participants had a mean (SD) knowledge score of 54.66 (22.74)%. About 73% of the participants had heard about iron-deficiency anaemia. Only 16.3% of the participants knew foods that help the body to absorb and use iron while 9.1% knew beverages that decrease iron absorption. About 71% of the participants ate fish and/or seafood while 67.1% of them ate green leafy vegetables. Only 4.4% of the participants ate organ meat, and 29% took flesh meat. Only 22.4% of the study participants usually drank coffee or tea while 78.2% ate vitamin C-rich foods. With regards to attitudes, 88.5% of the participants perceived anaemia to be a serious disease. Nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with the consumption of iron rich foods (β = .02; 95% CI = 0.01-0.02). Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge may be an important determinant of the consumption of iron rich foods among pregnant women making it necessary for healthcare providers to continue to provide nutrition education to pregnant women during routine antenatal care.

Alcohol-related problems among college and university students in Norway: extent of the problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481986351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Heradstveit ◽  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Geir Scott Brunborg ◽  
Kari Jussi Lønning ◽  
Børge Sivertsen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
University Students ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Full Time ◽  
College And University ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Aims: The aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the distribution of alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college and university students. We also sought to examine trends in the distribution of alcohol-related problems from 2010 to 2018. Methods: Data stem from a recent national health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study) in which 50,054 full-time students (69.1% women; 30.9% men) aged 18–35 years participated. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess potential alcohol-related problems. Data on demographic characteristics were also collected. Results: More than half of the male students (52.8%) and 4 out of 10 of the female students (40.1%) reported risky, harmful or dependent alcohol use. Compared to women, men had an increased risk of risky alcohol use (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.57), harmful alcohol use (RRR = 2.45) and dependent alcohol use (RRR = 2.73). Younger students had higher rates of risky and harmful alcohol use compared with older students, while rates of dependent alcohol use were similar across the age span. Several demographic variables were associated with alcohol use. The trend analyses revealed that the rates of risky, harmful and dependent alcohol use, as well as mean AUDIT scores, among the students have remained relatively stable over the past 8 years. Conclusions: Alcohol use remains an important health concern among Norwegian college and university students, and the present study confirms the high rates of alcohol-related problems, and the need to address the issue within this population.

scholarly journals Correlation of Prolonged Total Ischemic Time with Body Mass Index in Kidney Transplant: A Single Center Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
Eriawan Agung Nugroho ◽  
Erwin Wibowo ◽  
Prathita Amanda Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Ischemic Time ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rising health concern worldwide, especially in Indonesia. The treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease is Kidney Transplantation.1 Numerous studies showed that prolonged total ischemic ischemic time may cause hypoxia of the graft tissue and increased risk of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) and delayed graft function (DGF).2 Body mass index of kidney transplant recipients may cause prolonged duration of the procedure, as well as prolonged total ischemic time. This study aimed to determine the correlation between prolonged total ischemic time with body mass index. Method: This was an observational and cross-sectional analysis at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang involving patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2016 to December 2019. The total ischemic time was recorded intraoperatively. The Body Mass Index data were provided by medical records. The program used to statistically analyze the data was SPSS 23.0, and Spearman was used for hypothesis testing. Result: This study included 25 kidney transplant recipients. The mean total ischemic time was 43,27 ± 6,63 minutes. There was a significant positive correlation between prolonged ischemic time and body mass index (r= 0,506 ; p= 0,010). Conclusion: Prolonged total ischemic time was positively correlated with increased body mass index and these results are statistically significant.

scholarly journals The Circadian Clock, Shift Work, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanneke E Oosterman ◽  
Suzan Wopereis ◽  
Andries Kalsbeek
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Eating Out

Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern. The prevalence of obesity and T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. An accepted hypothesis is that the increased risk for metabolic health problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, that is, eating out of synchrony with the biological clock. The biological clock is part of the internal circadian timing system, which controls not only the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycle, but also many metabolic processes in the body, including the timing of our eating behavior, and processes involved in glucose homeostasis. Rodent studies have shown that eating out of phase with the endogenous clock results in desynchronization between rhythms of the central and peripheral clock systems and between rhythms of different tissue clocks (eg, liver and muscle clock). Glucose homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple organs. In the healthiest situation, functional rhythms of these organs are synchronized. We hypothesize that desynchronization between different metabolically active organs contributes to alterations in glucose homeostasis. Here we summarize the most recent information on desynchronization between organs due to shift work and shifted food intake patterns and introduce the concept of phenotypic flexibility, a validated test to assess the contribution of each organ to insulin resistance (IR) in humans. We propose this test as a way to provide further insight into the possible desynchronization between tissue clocks. Because different types of IR benefit from different therapeutic approaches, we also describe different chronotherapeutic strategies to promote synchrony within and between metabolically active organs.

scholarly journals Knowledge about modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases adults living with HIV in Rwanda

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3181-3189
Author(s):  
Juvenal Biraguma ◽  
Eugene Mutimura ◽  
José M Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are of international public health concern. Of more concern are people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have the increased risk of developing NCDs, such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Research has revealed that there is a relationship between knowledge of NCD risk factors and risk perceptions in the general population. Therefore, an assessment of PLHIV’s NCD risk factors knowledge is quite critical, to design effective NCD prevention programmes.Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for NCDs and its associated factors among adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used to collect the data. The study targeted PLHIV who visited the out-patients’ public health centres in three purposively selected provinces of Rwanda. The knowledge assessment questionnaire relating to risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Of the 794 respondents, 64.6% were women, and the mean age was 37.9 (±10.8) years. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (65.0%) had low levels of knowledge about NCD risk factors, while some (35.6%) were of the opinion that they had a low risk of contracting NCDs. Good knowledge was significantly associated with high educational status, a low CD4+ cell count (< 350 cells/mm3) and normotension.Conclusion: The current study findings highlight the need for comprehensive health education, to raise awareness of non-communicable diseases’ risk factors for adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Risk factors, HIV infection, Knowledge, Rwanda.

scholarly journals Body Investment, Depression, and Alcohol Use as Risk Factors for Suicide Proneness in College Students

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian A. Lamis ◽  
Patrick S. Malone ◽  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling ◽  
Thomas E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Image Component

Background: Individuals who are less invested in their bodies, experiencing symptoms of depression, and consuming alcohol are at increased risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. Aims: This study examined the relationships among three risk factors – body investment, depression, and alcohol use – and suicide proneness as measured by the Life Attitudes Schedule – Short Form (LAS-SF) in college students (N = 318). Methods: Path analysis was used to construct a causal model of suicide proneness. The Body Investment Scale (BIS) subscales were assumed to be causally prior to depression, which was in turn modeled as occurring prior to alcohol use, which was in turn modeled as prior to suicide proneness. Results: As expected, suicide proneness was positively predicted by alcohol use, alcohol use was positively predicted by depression, and depression was negatively predicted by the body image component of the BIS. Additionally, the body image-suicide proneness link was significantly mediated by depression and its direct effect on suicide proneness as well as by the two-mediator path of body image on depression on drinking on suicide proneness. Conclusions: Implications are offered for the improved identification and treatment of young adults at risk for suicidal and health-diminishing behaviors.

scholarly journals High-school students and self-injurious thoughts and behaviours: clues of emotion dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Zanus ◽  
Sara Battistutta ◽  
Renata Aliverti ◽  
Lorenzo Monasta ◽  
Marcella Montico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescence are a major public health concern: they are among the main causes of disability-adjusted life-years worldwide, with severe long-term health consequences in terms of mental illness and psychiatric hospitalisation and a significantly increased risk of suicide. Several studies recently focused on the hypothesis that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysregulation and on the relation between problems with emotion regulation and suicidal and self-harming behaviours. Italian epidemiological data about prevalence of these behaviours at the community level are lacking. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs) in a representative sample of community adolescents, and to examine the association between SITBs and the emotional and behavioural profiles. Methods Anonymous self-report questionnaires were completed by 1507 students aged 11–18 years from 24 high schools in the North-eastern Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Information was collected on SITBs, on the socio-environmental context, and on the psychological profile (‘Achenbach’s YSR questionnaire 11–18, Multidimensional Test of Self-harm and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale). Results Overall, 11.1% of adolescents reported self-harming behaviours without suicide ideation or attempts, 6.4% declared having thought to suicide without acting a suicide attempt or self-harm, 1.4% declared having attempted suicide and really thought to take away their life. Access to health services following a suicide thought, a self-harming behaviour or suicide attempt was infrequent, particularly for suicide ideation. At the YSR, all the SITBs groups reported high scores in almost all scales, with the most evident differences in the self-harming groups in which adolescents reported significantly higher scores in all scales, both internalising and externalising. An emotion dysregulation profile was found in almost all the groups. Conclusions This study provides us with an estimate of the prevalence of SITBs in the adolescent population and confirms the importance of further investigating the association between SITBs and emotion dysregulation. The naturalistic setting of community studies appears to be useful for studies in this field, and it allows to approach the onerous and often neglected issue of adolescent suicidality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document