scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in Australia—A Single Centre, Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3284
Author(s):  
Marille Umakanthan ◽  
John Wing Li ◽  
Kamal Sud ◽  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
Daniel Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the dialysis population varies from 4% to 63%. However, the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in the Australian dialysis population remain uncertain. Aim: To study the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance dialysis by using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: We evaluated adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in this single-centre cross-sectional study in Australia. Patient’s clinical (age, gender, dialysis modality and diabetic status) and laboratory parameters (serum albumin, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels) were investigated. We employed bioimpedance spectroscopy, hand grip dynamometer and the timed up and go test (TUG) to evaluate muscle mass, strength and function, respectively. Results: We evaluated 39 dialysis patients with a median age of 69 years old. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18%. Sarcopenia was associated with low serum albumin (p = 0.02) and low serum phosphate level (p = 0.04). Increasing age and female sex were potential risk factors for sarcopenia (p = 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Low lean muscle mass, reduced hand grip strength and prolonged TUG were present in 23.1%, 41% and 40.5%, respectively, of the cohort. The hand grip test had good correlation with lean muscle evaluation and the TUG. Conclusions: Sarcopenia was prevalent in 18% of maintenance haemodialysis patients from an Australian single-centre cohort, with low serum albumin and phosphate as significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis; Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Carried out at a Community Hospital in Qatar (2013-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Humberto Guanche Garcell ◽  
Ariadna Villanueva Arias ◽  
Cristobal A. Pancorbo Sandoval ◽  
Adan Bode Sado ◽  
Ramón Nonato Alfonso Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Procedure Duration ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Identifying risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after appendectomies could be useful in focusing prevention programs. Objective: The current study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with SSI in a cohort of patients from a single center in Western Qatar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at The Cuban Hospital (Dukhan, Qatar) on patients who had undergone an appendectomy from January 2013 through September 2016. Data extracted from the patient files included demographics, comorbidities and toxic habits, surgery type, procedure duration, wound type, appendicitis-type, American Anesthesiology Score, body mass index, selected laboratory tests, and compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: The study variables, type of surgery performed, procedure duration, wound and appendicitis type, serum albumin, and timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, were found to be related to the occurrence of SSI in univariate analysis (P = 0.000). Logistic regression showed that open appendectomies (odds ratio [OR] = 22.90, 95% CI; 8.04-65.21), low serum albumin (OR = 0.92, 95% CI; 0.85-0.99), and improper timing of antibiotic prophylaxis (OR = 44.92, 95% CI; 3.39-594.91) were independently associated with the occurrence of SSI. Conclusion: Cases of complex appendicitis, open procedure, low serum albumin level, and improper timing of antibiotic prophylaxis constituted the risk factors for SSI in the setting of this study. The infection control program should focus on improving the quality of antibiotic prophylaxis and closely monitoring patients who undergo open surgical procedures.

Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes: possible mechanistic role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Relatively low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high cortisol/DHEA ratio have been suggested to be associated with frailty, evaluated using a physical scale. However, the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been assessed using a wider range of measures of frailty, including physical, mental, and social indices. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale, and to reevaluate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis. Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p <0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p =0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p =0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients.

scholarly journals PREOPERATIVE RISK FACTORS FOR ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RESULTS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Martins GOMES JUNIOR ◽  
Lia Cavalcante CEZAR ◽  
Gdayllon Cavalcante MENESES ◽  
Geraldo Bezerra da SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
José Huygenes Parente GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Preoperative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preoperative Risk Factors

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in the immediate postoperative period of patients undergoing liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative risk factors for AKI after liver transplantation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation at a reference hospital in Fortaleza, Northeast of Brazil, from January to December 2016. Preoperative risk factors were evaluated for AKI development in the immediate postoperative period. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were included in the study. AKI was found in 85% of patients in the first 24 hours after transplantation, most of them (40%) classified in KDIGO stage 1. Preoperative data indicate that serum albumin levels were lower in the KDIGO stage 3 group compared to the non-AKI group, as well as the hematocrit levels. Direct bilirubin (DB) was higher in the KDIGO stage 3 group compared to the group without AKI, as well as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamiltransferase (GGT). In a logistic regression analysis independent risk factors for AKI were increase levels of AP, GGT and DB and decrease level of serum albumin. CONCLUSION: Low levels of serum albumin, and elevated levels of DB, AP and GGT in the preoperative period are risk factors for AKI development after liver transplantation.

scholarly journals Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Relatively low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high cortisol/DHEA ratio have been suggested to be associated with frailty as evaluated using a physical scale. However, the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been assessed using a wider range of measures of frailty, including physical, mental, and social indices.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale, and to reevaluate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis.Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p<0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p=0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p=0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM.Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients. trial registration number: UMIN (number 000031357)

scholarly journals Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Frailty is broadly characterized by vulnerability and decline in physical, mental and social activities and is more common in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Frailty is closely associated with nutrition, muscle strength, inflammation, and hormones etc. In hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol are suggested to be such candidates affecting frailty. Little investigation has been performed using a wider range of measures of frailty to clarify risk factors for frailty including the above two hormones. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis.Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p<0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p=0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p=0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM.Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients. trial registration number: UMIN (number 000031357)

scholarly journals Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes–a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
Misuzu Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Frailty is broadly characterized by vulnerability and decline in physical, mental and social activities and is more common in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Frailty is closely associated with nutrition, muscle strength, inflammation, and hormones etc. In hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol are suggested to be such candidates affecting frailty. Little investigation has been performed using a wider range of measures of frailty to clarify risk factors for frailty including the above two hormones. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty, and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis.Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p<0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p=0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p=0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM.Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients.

PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

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