scholarly journals Association of Nutrition in Early Childhood with Body Composition and Leptin in Later Childhood and Early Adulthood

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3264
Author(s):  
Louise R. Jones ◽  
Pauline M. Emmett ◽  
Nicholas P. Hays ◽  
Yassaman Shahkhalili ◽  
Caroline M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Using Data

Objectives: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study aimed to replicate the finding of the Etude Longitudinale Alimentation Nutrition Croissance des Enfants (ELANCE) that low fat intake in early childhood was associated with increased adiposity in adulthood. Methods: Diet was assessed at 8 and 18 months using 3-day food records. Body composition variables were measured at 9 and 17 years, and serum leptin at 9 years. Associations were modelled using adjusted linear regression. Results: In replication analyses, in contrast to ELANCE, there was a positive association between fat intake (% energy) at 18 months and fat mass (FM) at 9 years (B coefficient 0.10 (95% CI 0.03, 0.20) kg, p = 0.005). There was no association with serum leptin. In extended analyses fat intake at 18 months was positively associated with FM in boys (0.2 (0.00, 0.30), p = 0.008) at 9 years but not in girls. Fat intake was positively associated with serum leptin concentration in boys (0.2 (0.1, 0.4) ng/mL, p = 0.011) but not in girls. Conclusions: Our results did not corroborate the findings from the ELANCE study. A high fat diet in early life may have implications for later childhood and adolescent obesity.

scholarly journals Infant temperament, early-childhood parenting, and early-adolescent development: Testing alternative models of Parenting × Temperament interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Kristina Sayler ◽  
Sarah Hartman ◽  
Jay Belsky
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Supportive Parenting ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Childhood Parenting ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Here we evaluate whether infant difficult temperament (6 months) functions as a vulnerability or more general plasticity factor when investigating effects of early-childhood parenting (8–42 months) on both positive and negative early-adolescent socioemotional development (age 8–11 years). Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 14,541) and a re-parameterized model-testing approach to distinguish alternative person × environment conceptual models, results indicated that temperament × parenting interacted in predicting externalizing (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems), but not other behavior (i.e., emotional symptoms, peer problems), in a (weak) differential susceptibility manner. While more and less supportive parenting predicted, respectively, fewer and more behavior problems, it did so more strongly for children who were more difficult as infants.

scholarly journals The Implications of COVID-19 for Early Childhood Education in Ethiopia: Perspectives from Parents and Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice H. Kim ◽  
Mesele Araya ◽  
Belay Hagos Hailu ◽  
Pauline M. Rose ◽  
Tassew Woldehanna
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Parents And Caregivers

AbstractRecent research on the effects of COVID-19 on school closures has mainly focused on primary and secondary education, with extremely limited attention to early childhood education (ECE). To address this gap, we identify the extent to which parents and caregivers with pre-primary school-aged children were engaged in their children’s learning during school closures in Ethiopia. Our focus on Ethiopia is of particular relevance given that ECE provision has expanded dramatically in recent years, aimed at ensuring children are prepared for primary school. Using data collected through a phone survey with 480 parents and caregivers, the results revealed that learning disruption due to COVID-19 school closures is likely to be substantial and will probably widen existing inequalities further. Many poorer households and those where parents or caregivers are not literate, are less likely to have child-oriented learning resources, and home learning activities between parents and children in these households are limited. The study highlights that greater attention needs to be paid to mitigate the threats of COVID-19 on Ethiopia’s recent gains in ECE, to prevent the pandemic from further reinforcing inequalities between children from advantaged and disadvantaged households.

scholarly journals Genetic liability to schizophrenia is associated with exposure to traumatic events in childhood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Sallis ◽  
Jazz Croft ◽  
Alexandra Havdahl ◽  
Hannah J Jones ◽  
Erin C Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBackgroundThere is a wealth of literature on the observed association between childhood trauma and psychotic illness. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis is complex and could be explained, in part, by gene-environment correlation.MethodsThe association between schizophrenia polygenic scores (PGS) and experiencing childhood trauma was investigated using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Schizophrenia PGS were derived in each cohort for children, mothers, and fathers where genetic data were available. Measures of trauma exposure were derived based on data collected throughout childhood and adolescence (0-17 years; ALSPAC) and at age 8 years (MoBa).ResultsWithin ALSPAC, we found a positive association between schizophrenia PGS and exposure to trauma across childhood and adolescence; effect sizes were consistent for both child or maternal PGS. We found evidence of an association between the schizophrenia PGS and the majority of trauma subtypes investigated, with the exception of bullying. These results were comparable in MoBa. Within ALSPAC, genetic liability to a range of additional psychiatric traits was also associated with a greater trauma exposure.ConclusionsResults from two international birth cohorts indicate that genetic liability for a range of psychiatric traits is associated with experiencing childhood trauma. GWAS of psychiatric phenotypes may also reflect risk factors for these phenotypes. Our findings also suggest that youth at higher genetic risk might require greater resources/support to ensure they grow-up in a healthy environment.

scholarly journals Why the son-bias in fathering? Testing sex-differences in the associations between paternal caregiving and child outcomes in England (Pre-print)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily H Emmott ◽  
Ruth Mace
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
More Care ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Fathers in Western populations tend to provide more care to sons than daughters. Following a Human Behavioural Ecological framework, we hypothesise that son-biases in fathering may (at least in part) be due to differences in the “returns to paternal caregiving” on children’s outcomes by sex. In this study, we investigate possible sex-differences in the associations between paternal caregiving throughout early childhood and children’s outcomes in stable, two-parent families. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we test whether paternal caregiving is associated with different effects on children’s school test scores and behavioural difficulty by children’s sex. Overall, we find that paternal caregiving is associated with higher school test scores and lower behavioural difficulty scores, but the association between paternal caregiving and school test scores were stronger for boys. Our findings highlight possible sex-differences in returns to paternal caregiving for certain domains of child outcomes in England.

Interactive acculturation of Turkish-Belgian parents and children in Flanders: A case study of Beringen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünver ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This article tackles the relationship between Turkish-Belgian families with the Flemish society, within the specific context of their experiences with early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in Flanders. Our findings are based on a focus group with mothers in the town of Beringen. The intercultural dimension of the relationships between these families and ECEC services is discussed using the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM). The acculturation patterns are discussed under three main headlines: language acquisition, social interaction and maternal employment. Within the context of IAM, our findings point to some degree of separationism of Turkish-Belgian families, while they perceive the Flemish majority to have an assimilationist attitude. This combination suggests a conflictual type of interaction. However, both parties also display some traits of integrationism, which points to the domain-specificity of interactive acculturation.

Comparison of Dietary Fat Intake Using Food Records vs. RBC Fatty Acid Biomarkers in a Multiethnic Population—The Federal Women Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1893-P
Author(s):  
AMBER B. COURVILLE ◽  
SHANNA BERNSTEIN ◽  
MIRELLA GALVAN-DE LA CRUZ ◽  
ANTHONY ONUZURUIKE ◽  
NIRUPA R. MATTHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Fatty Acid Biomarkers

CEO and CFO Equity Incentives and the Pricing of Audit Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anthony Billings ◽  
Xinghua Gao ◽  
Yonghong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distinctive Role

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

Neighborhood Engagement, Dogs, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095372
Author(s):  
Angela L. Curl ◽  
Jessica Bibbo ◽  
Rebecca A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives This study examined the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking, and the emotional bond with a dog to neighborhood engagement and life satisfaction among those over age 50. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 476), two path analysis models were conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results Findings indicated that dog ownership did not have a direct or indirect relationship on life satisfaction. However, time spent in dog walking was associated with frequency of social interactions, which itself had a positive association with life satisfaction. The bond with a dog was not directly associated with life satisfaction but was associated with dog walking. Discussion Dog walking is a promising strategy for simultaneously promoting better health and social engagement, and these factors in turn can promote greater life satisfaction of older adults.

scholarly journals Early childhood weight gain: Latent patterns and body composition outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Norris ◽  
Liina Mansukoski ◽  
Mark S. Gilthorpe ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Childhood Weight

scholarly journals Maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and newborn body composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Damen ◽  
Melanie Gillingham ◽  
Joyanna G. Hansen ◽  
Kent L. Thornburg ◽  
Jonathan Q. Purnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake
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