scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Relation to the Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3208
Author(s):  
Carlijn A. Wagenaar ◽  
Marieke van de van de Put ◽  
Michelle Bisschops ◽  
Wendy Walrabenstein ◽  
Catharina S. de de Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
High Fiber

Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various non-communicable diseases. Dietary interventions can reduce inflammation, in part due to their effect on the gut microbiome. This systematic review aims to determine the effect of dietary interventions, specifically fiber intake, on chronic inflammatory diseases and the microbiome. It aims to form hypotheses on the potential mediating effects of the microbiome on disease outcomes after dietary changes. Included were clinical trials which performed a dietary intervention with a whole diet change or fiber supplement (>5 g/day) and investigated the gut microbiome in patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)). The 30 articles which met the inclusion criteria had an overall moderate to high risk of bias and were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis. Dietary interventions were stratified based on fiber intake: low fiber, high fiber, and supplemental fiber. Overall, but most pronounced in patients with T2DM, high-fiber plant-based dietary interventions were consistently more effective at reducing disease-specific outcomes and pathogenic bacteria, as well as increasing microbiome alpha diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, compared to other diets and fiber supplements.

scholarly journals High-Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Alexander B. Chase ◽  
Claudia Weihe ◽  
Stephanie B. Orchanian ◽  
Stefan F. Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Consumption

ABSTRACT Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber-degrading enzymes. The digestion of MACs results in the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolic by-products that are critical to human health. Here, we implemented a 2-week dietary fiber intervention aiming for 40 to 50 g of fiber per day within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) (n = 20). By coupling shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we found that the dietary intervention significantly altered the composition of individual gut microbiomes, accounting for 8.3% of the longitudinal variability within subjects. Notably, microbial taxa that increased in relative abundance as a result of the diet change included known MAC degraders (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). We further assessed the genetic diversity within Bifidobacterium, assayed by amplification of the groEL gene. Concomitant with microbial composition changes, we show an increase in the abundance of genes involved in inositol degradation. Despite these changes in gut microbiome composition, we did not detect a consistent shift in SCFA abundance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that on a short-term timescale of 2 weeks, increased fiber intake can induce compositional changes of the gut microbiome, including an increase in MAC-degrading bacteria. IMPORTANCE A profound decrease in the consumption of dietary fiber in many parts of the world in the last century may be associated with the increasing prevalence of type II diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. A typical U.S. diet includes about ∼15 g of fiber per day, far less fiber than the daily recommended allowance. Changes in dietary fiber intake affect human health not only through the uptake of nutrients directly but also indirectly through changes in the microbial community and their associated metabolism. Here, we conducted a 2-week diet intervention in healthy young adults to investigate the impact of fiber consumption on the gut microbiome. Participants increased their average fiber consumption by 25 g/day on average for 2 weeks. The high-fiber diet intervention altered the gut microbiome of the study participants, including increases in known fiber-degrading microbes, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.

scholarly journals High fiber, whole foods dietary intervention alters the human gut microbiome but not fecal short-chain fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Alexander B. Chase ◽  
Claudia Weihe ◽  
Stephanie B. Orchanian ◽  
Stefan F. Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Consumption

ABSTRACTDietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. Intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber degrading enzymes. Digestion of MACs results in the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolic byproducts that are critical to human health. Here, we implemented a two-week dietary fiber intervention aiming for 40-50 grams of fiber per day within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) (n = 20). By coupling shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we found that the dietary intervention significantly altered the composition of individual gut microbiomes, accounting for 8.3% of the longitudinal variability within subjects. Notably, microbial taxa that increased in relative abundance as a result of the diet change included known MAC degraders (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). We further assessed the genetic diversity within Bifidobacterium, assayed by amplification of the groEL gene. Concomitant with microbial composition changes, we show an increase in the abundance of genes involved in inositol degradation. Despite these changes in gut microbiome composition, we did not detect a consistent shift in SCFA abundance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that on a short-term timescale of two weeks, increased fiber intake can induce compositional changes of the gut microbiome, including an increase in MAC degrading bacteria.IMPORTANCEA profound decrease in the consumption of dietary fiber in many parts of the world in the last century may be associated with the increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. A typical U.S. diet includes about ∼15 grams of fiber per day, far less fiber than daily recommended allowance. Changes in dietary fiber intake affect human health not only through the uptake of nutrients directly, but also indirectly through changes in the microbial community and their associated metabolism. Here we conducted a two-week diet intervention in healthy young adults to investigate the impact of fiber consumption on the gut microbiome. Participants increased their average fiber consumption by 25 grams/day on average for two weeks. The high fiber diet intervention altered the gut microbiome of the study participants, including increases in known fiber degrading microbes such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Biologics in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review

BioDrugs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Strand ◽  
Alejandro Balsa ◽  
Jamal Al-Saleh ◽  
Leonor Barile-Fabris ◽  
Takahiko Horiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals Biosimilars for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence

BioDrugs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Jacobs ◽  
Danielle Petersel ◽  
Leah Isakov ◽  
Sadiq Lula ◽  
K. Lea Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Published Evidence

scholarly journals Hundreds of viral families in the healthy infant gut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Nielsen ◽  
Shiraz Shah ◽  
Ling Deng ◽  
Jonathan Thorsen ◽  
Anders Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Healthy Infant ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Virulent Phage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

Abstract The gut microbiome (GM) is shaped through infancy and plays a major role in determining susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases later in life. Bacteriophages (phages) are known to modulate bacterial populations in numerous ecosystems, including the gut. However, virome data is difficult to analyse because it mostly consists of unknown viruses, i.e. viral dark matter. Here, we manually resolved the viral dark matter in the largest human virome study published to date. Fecal viromes from a cohort of 647 infants at 1 year of age were deeply sequenced and analysed through successive rounds of clustering and curation. We uncovered more than ten thousand viral species distributed over 248 viral families falling within 17 viral order-level clades. Most of the defined viral families and orders were novel and belonged to the Caudoviricetes viral class. Bacterial hosts were predicted for 79% of the viral species using CRISPR spacers, including those in metagenomes from the same fecal samples. While Bacteroides-infecting Crassphages were present, novel viral families were more predominant, including phages infecting Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium. Phage lifestyles were determined for more than three thousand caudoviral species. Lifestyles were homogeneous at the family level for 149 Caudoviricetes families, including 32 families that were found to be virulent, while 117 were temperate. Virulent phage families were more abundant but temperate ones were more diverse and widespread. Together, the viral families found in this study represent a major expansion of existing bacteriophage taxonomy.

scholarly journals A Molecular-Level Landscape of Diet-Gut Microbiome Interactions: Toward Dietary Interventions Targeting Bacterial Genes

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Gianni Panagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Proteins

ABSTRACT As diet is considered the major regulator of the gut ecosystem, the overall objective of this work was to demonstrate that a detailed knowledge of the phytochemical composition of food could add to our understanding of observed changes in functionality and activity of the gut microbiota. We used metatranscriptomic data from a human dietary intervention study to develop a network that consists of >400 compounds present in the administered plant-based diet linked to 609 microbial targets in the gut. Approximately 20% of the targeted bacterial proteins showed significant changes in their gene expression levels, while functional and topology analyses revealed that proteins in metabolic networks with high centrality are the most “vulnerable” targets. This global view and the mechanistic understanding of the associations between microbial gene expression and dietary molecules could be regarded as a promising methodological approach for targeting specific bacterial proteins that impact human health. IMPORTANCE It is a general belief that microbiome-derived drugs and therapies will come to the market in coming years, either in the form of molecules that mimic a beneficial interaction between bacteria and host or molecules that disturb a harmful interaction or proteins that can modify the microbiome or bacterial species to change the balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, among the numerous factors, what has proven the most influential for modulating the microbial composition of the gut is diet. In line with this, we demonstrate here that a systematic analysis of the interactions between the small molecules present in our diet and the gut bacterial proteome holds great potential for designing dietary interventions to improve human health.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intake, the gut microbiome, and chronic systemic inflammation in a cohort of adult men

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Mingyang Song ◽  
Dong D. Wang ◽  
Eric A. Franzosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This may function in part due to abrogation of chronic systemic inflammation induced by factors such as dysbiotic gut communities. Data regarding the detailed influences of long-term and recent intake of differing dietary fiber sources on the human gut microbiome are lacking. Methods In a cohort of 307 generally healthy men, we examined gut microbiomes, profiled by shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and long-term and recent dietary fiber intake in relation to plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an established biomarker for chronic inflammation. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear mixed models. Results We found that inflammation-associated gut microbial configurations corresponded with higher CRP levels. A greater intake of dietary fiber was associated with shifts in gut microbiome composition, particularly Clostridiales, and their potential for carbohydrate utilization via polysaccharide degradation. This was particularly true for fruit fiber sources (i.e., pectin). Most striking, fiber intake was associated with significantly greater CRP reduction in individuals without substantial Prevotella copri carriage in the gut, whereas those with P. copri carriage maintained stable CRP levels regardless of fiber intake. Conclusions Our findings offer human evidence supporting a fiber-gut microbiota interaction, as well as a potential specific mechanism by which gut-mediated systemic inflammation may be mitigated.

Body composition in children with chronic inflammatory diseases: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2647-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Houttu ◽  
Marko Kalliomäki ◽  
Minna-Maija Grönlund ◽  
Harri Niinikoski ◽  
Merja Nermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
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