scholarly journals Risk of Incident Stroke among Vegetarians Compared to Nonvegetarians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3019
Author(s):  
Jing-Wun Lu ◽  
Luo-Hua Yu ◽  
Yu-Kang Tu ◽  
Hung-Yu Cheng ◽  
Li-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

Vegetarian dietary patterns provide health benefits for cardiovascular health; however, the studies examining the association of vegetarian diets with stroke incidence showed inconsistent findings. We systematically evaluated the risk of incident stroke among vegetarians (diets excluding meat, poultry, fish, and seafood) compared among nonvegetarians. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed until 20 May 2021. Prospective cohort studies comparing the risk estimates for incident stroke between vegetarians and nonvegetarians were included. Of 398 articles identified in the database search, data from seven cohort studies (408 total stroke cases in 29,705 vegetarians and 13,026 total stroke cases in 627,728 nonvegetarians) were included. The meta-analysis revealed no significant association between adhering to the vegetarian dietary patterns and the risk of incident stroke (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.67–1.11; I2 = 68%, n = 7). Subgroup analyses suggested that studies conducted in Asia and those with a mean baseline age of participants 50–65 years showed a lower risk of stroke in vegetarians. Moreover, no significant association between vegetarian diets and the risk of ischemic stroke (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.22–1.42; I2 = 82%, n = 3) or hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.19–3.09; I2 = 85%, n = 2) was found. To be conclusive, no strong relationship between vegetarian diets and the incidence of stroke was observed. Given the limited certainty of evidence from NutriGrade, future well-designed studies are warranted to provide solid evidence on this topic.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet in Prognosis among Cancer Survivors: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dietary Patterns and Diet Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Castro-Espin ◽  
Antonio Agudo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Cancer survival continues to improve in high-income countries, partly explained by advances in screening and treatment. Previous studies have mainly examined the relationship between individual dietary components and cancer prognosis in tumours with good therapeutic response (breast, colon and prostate cancers). The aim of this review was to assess qualitatively (and quantitatively where appropriate) the associations of dietary patterns and cancer prognosis from published prospective cohort studies, as well as the effect of diet interventions by means of randomized controlled trials (RCT). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, and a total of 35 prospective cohort studies and 14 RCT published between 2011 and 2021 were selected. Better overall diet quality was associated with improved survival among breast and colorectal cancer survivors; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated to lower risk of mortality in colorectal and prostate cancer survivors. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed that higher versus lower diet quality was associated with a 23% reduction in overall mortality in breast cancer survivors. There was evidence that dietary interventions, generally combined with physical activity, improved overall quality of life, though most studies were in breast cancer survivors. Further cohort and intervention studies in other cancers are needed to make more specific recommendations.

Prognostic value of von Willebrand factor for patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1135) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Zheng Ye ◽  
Ya-Fei Chang ◽  
Bao-Zhu Wang ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Xiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

BackgroundIt is unknown whether an abnormal level of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is correlated with the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and current findings are controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between vWF levels and the clinical prognosis of patients with AF.MethodsWe searched prospective cohort studies on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and WanFang databases for vWF and adverse events of AF from inception of the databases to July 2019. The risk ratios of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), stroke and bleeding prognosis in patients with AF were analysed using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model, and all included studies were evaluated with heterogeneity and publication bias analysis.ResultsTwelve studies which included 7449 patients with AF were used in the meta-analysis. The average age was 71.3 years and the average follow-up time was 3.38 years. The analysis found that high vWF levels were associated with increased risks of all-cause death (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.11, p=0.00400), cardiovascular death (RR 1.91; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.03, p=0.00600), MACE (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.62, p=0.00090), stroke (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.64, p=0.02000) and bleeding (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.45, p<0.00001) in patients with AF.ConclusionsvWF is a risk factor for poor prognosis of AF, and patients with higher vWF levels have a higher risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, MACE, stroke and bleeding.

scholarly journals Association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and small for gestational age: evidence from a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Beibei Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Fangbiao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Elsevier ScienceDirect library was conducted to identify relevant articles reporting prospective cohort studies in English, with the last report included published in February 2017. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation in a random effects model.ResultsA total of 13 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis with a sample of 28 285 individuals from seven countries. The pooled overall OR for babies born SGA was 1.588 (95%CI 1.138 to 2.216; p<0.01) for women with vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy varied from 13.2% to 77.3%. Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences in the association between vitamin D deficiency and SGA based on study quality, gestational week during which blood sampling was performed, cut-off vitamin D levels, sample size, adjustment for critical confounders and method for measuring vitamin D.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SGA.

Breastfeeding and Atopic Dermatitis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjiang Lin ◽  
Ru Dai ◽  
Lingyi Lu ◽  
Xin Fan ◽  
Yingzhe Yu
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Objectives: The effect of breastfeeding on atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial. To determine the association ­between breastfeeding and AD, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies meeting the predetermined criteria were evaluated by 2 authors independently. The pooled relative risk (RR) adjusted for confounders with its 95% CI was calculated by a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: A total of 27 studies were included for meta-analysis. The pooled estimates for the effect of total and exclusive breastfeeding on AD were 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.10) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.88–1.11), respectively. Heterogeneity was substantial across studies (total: p < 0.01 or I2 = 65.2%; exclusive: p < 0.01 or I2 = 72.3%). There was a weak evidence for a protective effect of breastfeeding against AD in cohorts with atopic heredity (total: RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.98; exclusive: RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.97). In cohorts without atopic heredity, the effect shifted to the risk side when limited to exclusive breastfeeding (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40) while it dropped towards null when limited to total breastfeeding (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94–1.31). Conclusions: There is no association between AD and breastfeeding, regardless of total or exclusive breastfeeding patterns. There is some evidence for a protective function of exclusive and total breastfeeding in a cohort with atopic heredity. The effect shifts to the risk side in cohorts without atopic heredity. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because heterogeneity is evident.

Associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Li-na Hou ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Peng-liang Chen ◽  
Chen-yong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Considerable controversy exists regarding the associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. The PubMed database was searched for prospective cohort studies on the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality published until February 2014. Random-effects models were used to calculate the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) based on the highest v. the lowest category of dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, geographical region, follow-up duration, and adjustment/non-adjustment for energy intake. A total of thirteen prospective cohort studies involving 338 787 participants were included in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of inverse associations between the prudent/healthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 0·76, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·86) and CVD (SRRE = 0·81, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·87) mortality and an absence of association between this dietary pattern and stroke mortality (SRRE = 0·89, 95 % CI 0·77, 1·02). However, no significant associations were observed between the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 1·07, 95 % CI 0·96, 1·20), CVD (SRRE = 0·99, 95 % CI 0·91, 1·08) and stroke (SRRE = 0·94, 95 % CI 0·81, 1·10) mortality. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality and not significantly associated with stroke mortality and that the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern is not associated with all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and incident gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Tauseef A Khan ◽  
Fei Au-Yeung ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with hyperuricaemia and gout. Whether other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars share this association is unclear.DesignTo assess the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident gout and hyperuricaemia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library (through 13 September 2017). We included prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between food sources of sugar and incident gout or hyperuricaemia. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. We pooled natural-log transformed risk ratios (RRs) using the generic inverse variance method with random effects model and expressed as RR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsWe identified three studies (1 54 289 participants, 1761 cases of gout), comparing the highest with the lowest level of exposure for SSBs, fruit juices and fruits. No reports were found reporting incident hyperuricaemia. Fruit juice and SSB intake showed an adverse association (fruit juice: RR=1.77, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.61; SSB: RR=2.08, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.08), when comparing the highest to lowest intake of the most adjusted models. There was no significant association between fruit intake and gout (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.14). The strongest evidence was for the adverse association with SSB intake (moderate certainty), and the weakest evidence was for the adverse association with fruit juice intake (very low certainty) and lack of association with fruit intake (very low certainty).ConclusionThere is an adverse association of SSB and fruit juice intake with incident gout, which does not appear to extend to fruit intake. Further research is needed to improve our estimates.Trial registration numberNCT02702375; Results.

scholarly journals Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhihong Xiao ◽  
Dong Ren ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Wusheng Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The association between height and risk of hip fracture has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is inconclusive. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to explore whether an association exists between height and risk of hip fracture. We searched PubMed and EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies of height and risk of hip fracture up to February 16, 2016. The random-effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Seven prospective cohort studies, with 7,478 incident hip fracture cases and 907,913 participants, were included for analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.16) comparing the highest with the lowest category of height. Result from dose-response analysis suggested a linear association between height and hip fracture risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.0378). The present evidence suggests that height is positively associated with increased risk of hip fracture. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings in other ethnicities.

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