scholarly journals Height and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhihong Xiao ◽  
Dong Ren ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Wusheng Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The association between height and risk of hip fracture has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is inconclusive. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to explore whether an association exists between height and risk of hip fracture. We searched PubMed and EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies of height and risk of hip fracture up to February 16, 2016. The random-effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Seven prospective cohort studies, with 7,478 incident hip fracture cases and 907,913 participants, were included for analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–2.16) comparing the highest with the lowest category of height. Result from dose-response analysis suggested a linear association between height and hip fracture risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.0378). The present evidence suggests that height is positively associated with increased risk of hip fracture. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings in other ethnicities.

Prognostic value of von Willebrand factor for patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1135) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Zheng Ye ◽  
Ya-Fei Chang ◽  
Bao-Zhu Wang ◽  
Yi-Tong Ma ◽  
Xiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

BackgroundIt is unknown whether an abnormal level of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is correlated with the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and current findings are controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between vWF levels and the clinical prognosis of patients with AF.MethodsWe searched prospective cohort studies on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and WanFang databases for vWF and adverse events of AF from inception of the databases to July 2019. The risk ratios of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), stroke and bleeding prognosis in patients with AF were analysed using a fixed-effects model or random-effects model, and all included studies were evaluated with heterogeneity and publication bias analysis.ResultsTwelve studies which included 7449 patients with AF were used in the meta-analysis. The average age was 71.3 years and the average follow-up time was 3.38 years. The analysis found that high vWF levels were associated with increased risks of all-cause death (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.11, p=0.00400), cardiovascular death (RR 1.91; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.03, p=0.00600), MACE (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.62, p=0.00090), stroke (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.64, p=0.02000) and bleeding (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.45, p<0.00001) in patients with AF.ConclusionsvWF is a risk factor for poor prognosis of AF, and patients with higher vWF levels have a higher risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, MACE, stroke and bleeding.

scholarly journals Egg Consumption and Risk of Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Aminianfar ◽  
Roohallah Fallah-Moshkani ◽  
Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Limited data are available that summarize the relation between egg intake and the risk of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between egg intake and the risk of UADT cancers. Medline/PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords. Observational studies conducted on humans investigating the association between egg consumption and the risk of UADT cancers were included. Overall, 38 studies with a total of 164,241 subjects (27, 025 cases) were included. Based on 40 effect sizes from 32 case-control studies, we found a 42% increased risk of UADT cancers among those with the highest egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) compared to those with the lowest intake (ranging from 0–20 g/d to never consumed among studies) (overall OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.68; P < 0.001). However, this association was only evident in hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.68; P < 0.001 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; P = 0.004 for esophageal cancer) and not in population-based case-control (PCC) studies (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.67; P = 0.56 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.81; P = 0.13 for esophageal cancer). In addition, the association was not significant in prospective cohort studies (overall OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.04; P = 0.11). Considering individual cancers, a positive association was observed between the highest egg consumption, compared with the lowest, and risk of oropharyngeal (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.20; P < 0.001), laryngeal (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.32; P < 0.001), oral & pharyngeal & laryngeal (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67; P < 0.001), and esophageal cancers (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10,1.48; P = 0.001). We also found an inverse association between egg intake and the risk of oral cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99; P = 0.04). In conclusion, high egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) was associated with increased risk of UADT cancers only in HCC studies but not in PCC or prospective cohort studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018102619.

scholarly journals Caffeine, Coffee, Tea and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Dose- Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Asoudeh ◽  
Fatemeh Dashti ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Amirhossein Hemmati ◽  
Abdulmannan Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee

Abstract Objective: Prospective cohort studies on coffee, tea and caffeine in relation to the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to conduct a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies on the association between dietary caffeine, different types of coffee and tea consumption and the risk of RA.Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus and EMBASE were searched up to July 2021 to identify relevant studies that had considered different types of coffee (caffeinated or decaffeinated), tea or caffeine exposure with RA as the main, or one of the, outcome(s). Two authors independently screened 742 publications. Finally, 5 prospective cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated by using a fixed-effects model. We also performed linear and non-linear dose-response analyses to examine the dose-response relations. Results: Comparing extreme categories, we found a positive, significant association between coffee (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04-1.62; I2 = 0%, n = 5) and decaffeinated coffee (RR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.35-2.65; I2 =38.1%, n =3) consumption and risk of RA. One additional cup of coffee consumed per day was associated with an increased risk of RA by 6% (95% CI: 1.02-1.10; I2 = 0%;). This increase in the risk of RA for one cup/d of decaffeinated coffee was 11% 95% CI: 1.05-1.18; I2 = 38). No significant association was observed between caffeinated coffee, tea or caffeine intake and the risk of RA.Conclusion: We found that a higher intake of coffee and decaffeinated coffee was associated with increased risk of RA. No significant association between caffeinated coffee, tea or caffeine intake and the risk of RA was observed.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of α-Linolenic Acid and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hua Chen ◽  
Qingjing Hu ◽  
Guijie Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Li-Qiang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: The association between α-linolenic acid (ALA) and mortality is inconsistent and has not been summarized systematically.Objective: The purpose was to conduct a meta-analysis that synthesized the results of prospective cohort studies to investigate associations between ALA intake and mortality.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases on May 1, 2021, for relevant prospective cohort studies which reported associations of ALA (assessed by dietary surveys and/or ALA concentrations in body tissues) with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other diseases. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were pooled by a random or fixed-effects model.Results: A total of 34 prospective cohort studies, of which 17 reported dietary ALA intake, 14 for ALA biomarkers, and the remaining 3 reported both of intake and biomarkers. The studies included 6,58,634 participants, and deaths were classified into all-cause mortality (56,898), CVD mortality (19,123), and other diseases mortality (19,061). Pooled RRs of ALA intake were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.01, I2 = 71.2%) for all-cause mortality, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.98, I2 = 22.1%) for CVD mortality, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.06, I2 = 73.3%) for other diseases mortality. The two-stage random-effects dose-response analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary ALA intake and CVD-mortality and each 0.5% energy increment of ALA intake was associated with a 5% lower risk of CVD-mortality (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). Pooled RRs per SD increment of ALA biomarkers were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.01, I2 = 27%) for all-cause mortality, 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.03, I2 = 0%) for CVD mortality and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.01, I2 = 0%) for other diseases mortality.Conclusions: This meta-analysis summarizing the available prospective cohort studies indicated that ALA intake was associated with reduced risk of mortality, especially CVD mortality. Our findings suggest that ALA consumption may be beneficial for death prevention. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO; identifier: CRD42021264532.

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1637-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Li-Hua Zhu ◽  
Ling-Ling Hua ◽  
Fang-Fang Ke
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Objective: Findings on maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD risk in children are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize effects of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy on ADHD risk in children. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to select articles up to June 2016. Only prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Pooled RR estimates based on 12 cohort studies including 17,304 pregnant women suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (pooled RR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.33, 1.88]). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to an increased risk of ADHD in children. There is an urgent need to increase maternal awareness of smoking risk and quitting smoking to mitigate the ADHD risk in children.

The Relationship Between Obesity and Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 5198-5198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R Ingham ◽  
John L. Reagan ◽  
Samir Dalia ◽  
Michael Furman ◽  
Basma Merhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Abstract 5198 Introduction: Lymphoma is a common hematologic malignancy, etiology of which remains largely unclear. Obesity and overweight have been associated with an increased risk of developing lymphoma; however, with conflicting results. The main objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the potential relationship that overweight and obesity may have in the development of lymphoma in adults. A secondary objective was to evaluate the risk of separate lymphoma subtypes, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and the most common NHL subtypes – diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) – in overweight and obese individuals. Methods: A MEDLINE search from January 1950 to December 2010 was undertaken using: (obesity OR “body mass index” OR BMI OR overweight) AND (leukemia OR lymphoma OR myeloma). Only prospective cohort studies reporting on the incidence of lymphoma were included. Retrospective case-control and cross-sectional studies were excluded. Meta-analyses were performed for HL, NHL and NHL subtypes. The outcome was calculated as relative risk (RR). Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, according to the WHO criteria. The quality of the studies was determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The random effects model was used to calculate the combined outcome. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by the trim-and-fill analysis. Meta-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between BMI, as a continuous variable, and the incidence of HL and NHL in general and NHL subtypes. Literature search, data gathering and study quality assessment were performed independently by at least two of the investigators. All graphs and calculations were obtained using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Results: From 758 returns, 22 prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between obesity and lymphoma were identified. All the studies were of high quality (NOS >7 points). For NHL, the overall RR was 1.06 (95% CI 1.02–1.10; p=0.001). For overweight and obese patients, the RR were 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07; p=0.02) and 1.11 (95% CI 1.06–1.16; p<0.001), respectively. Meta-regression showed a linear association between BMI and incidence of NHL (p<0.001). For DLBCL, the overall RR was 1.14 (95% CI 1.01–1.29; p=0.03). Overweight and obese patients had a RR of 1.08 (95% CI 0.96–1.22; p=0.22) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.08–1.44; p=0.003), respectively. Meta-regression showed a trend towards a significant association between BMI and incidence of DLBCL (p=0.1). For FL, the overall RR was 1.11 (95% CI 0.99–1.25; p=0.08). Overweight and obese patients had a RR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.94–1.28; p=0.25) and 1.15 (95% CI 0.97–1.36; p=0.11), respectively. Meta-regression showed no association between BMI and incidence of FL (p=0.78). For HL, the overall RR was 1.10 (95% CI 0.97–1.26; p=0.15). Overweight and obese patients had a RR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.80–1.03; p=0.13) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.05–1.44; p=0.009), respectively. Meta-regression showed a statistically significant linear relationship between BMI and incidence of HL (p=0.009). Conclusions: Obesity was associated with a mild increased risk of developing HL (23%), NHL in general (11%) and DLBCL (24%), but there was no association with FL. There was a statistically significant linear association between BMI and HL as well as for NHL in general, but only a trend towards an association with DLBCL. Disclosures: Castillo: GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1780-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari ◽  
Bess Dawson-Hughes ◽  
John A Baron ◽  
Peter Burckhardt ◽  
Ruifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and small for gestational age: evidence from a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Beibei Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Fangbiao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Elsevier ScienceDirect library was conducted to identify relevant articles reporting prospective cohort studies in English, with the last report included published in February 2017. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation in a random effects model.ResultsA total of 13 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis with a sample of 28 285 individuals from seven countries. The pooled overall OR for babies born SGA was 1.588 (95%CI 1.138 to 2.216; p<0.01) for women with vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy varied from 13.2% to 77.3%. Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences in the association between vitamin D deficiency and SGA based on study quality, gestational week during which blood sampling was performed, cut-off vitamin D levels, sample size, adjustment for critical confounders and method for measuring vitamin D.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SGA.

Breastfeeding and Atopic Dermatitis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjiang Lin ◽  
Ru Dai ◽  
Lingyi Lu ◽  
Xin Fan ◽  
Yingzhe Yu
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Objectives: The effect of breastfeeding on atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial. To determine the association ­between breastfeeding and AD, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies meeting the predetermined criteria were evaluated by 2 authors independently. The pooled relative risk (RR) adjusted for confounders with its 95% CI was calculated by a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: A total of 27 studies were included for meta-analysis. The pooled estimates for the effect of total and exclusive breastfeeding on AD were 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.10) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.88–1.11), respectively. Heterogeneity was substantial across studies (total: p < 0.01 or I2 = 65.2%; exclusive: p < 0.01 or I2 = 72.3%). There was a weak evidence for a protective effect of breastfeeding against AD in cohorts with atopic heredity (total: RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.98; exclusive: RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.97). In cohorts without atopic heredity, the effect shifted to the risk side when limited to exclusive breastfeeding (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.40) while it dropped towards null when limited to total breastfeeding (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94–1.31). Conclusions: There is no association between AD and breastfeeding, regardless of total or exclusive breastfeeding patterns. There is some evidence for a protective function of exclusive and total breastfeeding in a cohort with atopic heredity. The effect shifts to the risk side in cohorts without atopic heredity. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because heterogeneity is evident.

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