scholarly journals Special Issue “Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Diseases”

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2680
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Michail Chourdakis
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been considered among the healthiest dietary patterns since a little over 50 years ago, Ancel Keys—as the key figure—provided evidence for the beneficial effects of the MD [...]

scholarly journals Metabolomics and Microbiomes as Potential Tools to Evaluate the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jin ◽  
Alicen Black ◽  
Stefanos N. Kales ◽  
Dhiraj Vattem ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Improve Health ◽  
Human Metabolomics

The approach to studying diet–health relationships has progressively shifted from individual dietary components to overall dietary patterns that affect the interaction and balance of low-molecular-weight metabolites (metabolome) and host-enteric mic{Citation}robial ecology (microbiome). Even though the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a powerful strategy to improve health, the accurate assessment of exposure to the MedDiet has been a major challenge in epidemiological and clinical studies. Interestingly, while the effects of individual dietary components on the metabolome have been described, studies investigating metabolomic profiles in response to overall dietary patterns (including the MedDiet), although limited, have been gaining attention. Similarly, the beneficial effects of the MedDiet on cardiometabolic outcomes may be mediated through gut microbial changes. Accumulating evidence linking food ingestion and enteric microbiome alterations merits the evaluation of the microbiome-mediated effects of the MedDiet on metabolic pathways implicated in disease. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational and clinical trials involving the MedDiet by (1) assessing changes in the metabolome and microbiome for the measurement of diet pattern adherence and (2) assessing health outcomes related to the MedDiet through alterations to human metabolomics and/or the microbiome.

Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Joshua S Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

scholarly journals From the Table to the Tumor: The Role of Mediterranean and Western Dietary Patterns in Shifting Microbial-Mediated Signaling to Impact Breast Cancer Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Newman ◽  
Mara Z. Vitolins ◽  
Katherine L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Diet is a modifiable component of lifestyle that could influence breast cancer development. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered one of the healthiest of all dietary patterns. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet protects against diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Reported consumption of a Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with lower breast cancer risk for women with all subtypes of breast cancer, and a Western diet pattern was associated with greater risk. In this review, we contrast the available epidemiological breast cancer data, comparing the impact of consuming a Mediterranean diet to the Western diet. Furthermore, we will review the preclinical data highlighting the anticancer molecular mechanism of Mediterranean diet consumption in both cancer prevention and therapeutic outcomes. Diet composition is a major constituent shaping the gut microbiome. Distinct patterns of gut microbiota composition are associated with the habitual consumption of animal fats, high-fiber diets, and vegetable-based diets. We will review the impact of Mediterranean diet on the gut microbiome and inflammation. Outside of the gut, we recently demonstrated that Mediterranean diet consumption led to distinct microbiota shifts in the mammary gland tissue, suggesting possible anticancer effects by diet on breast-specific microbiome. Taken together, these data support the anti-breast-cancer impact of Mediterranean diet consumption.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jones ◽  
Janet Cade ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
Darren Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

If we eat soy, do we keep the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108
Author(s):  
Giovanni Aulisa ◽  
Claudio Binda ◽  
Elvira Padua ◽  
Antonio Pratesi ◽  
Alfonso Bellia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to evaluate if soya consumption can compromise or positively influence the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD). Design/methodology/approach A full literature review has been conducted as part of a proposal of a new point of view on the consumption of soya and its derivatives in areas where until a few decades ago this type of food did not exist at all. Findings There does not seem to be any contraindications for soy systematic use, therefore, excluding historical-geographical reasons, soya could be included in an MD without altering the benefits associated with it. Practical implications Soya is not advised as a typical food in the MD, but promoting its use could probably contribute to increase the variety of the diet and likely consolidates the positive health benefits characteristic of MD. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is one of the first to evaluate soybean consumption within the MD.

Impact of migration on dietary patterns and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Northern Moroccan migrant adolescents in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Oussama El Mokhtari ◽  
Karim Anzid ◽  
Abderraouf Hilali ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
Ana Isabel Mora-Urda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migrant Adolescents

scholarly journals MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND ADOLESCENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisi Mavrovounioti ◽  
Eleni Fotiadou ◽  
Eirini Koidou ◽  
Souzana Papadopoulou ◽  
Eirini Argiriadou
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Education School ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the adoption of Mediterranean diet in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The sample of the study consisted of 24 adolescents (8 boys and 16 girls) with intellectual disabilities who were studying at a secondary education school, with an average age of 17.63+2.018 years. For data collection, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) by Serra-Majem et al. (2004) was used. KIDMED is supported by specific principles sustaining traditional healthy Mediterranean dietary patterns. KIDMED is based on a 16-item food consumption log questionnaire that can be answered either self-administered or in interview. As for the pupils with intellectual disabilities, the answers were recorded in an individual interview. For the statistical analysis the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 23.0 for windows was used. Data processing showed that over the 1/3 of adolescents with intellectual disabilities (37.5%) has a very low diet quality, while the proportion of adolescents following an optimal Mediterranean diet was zero. In addition, the diet of the adolescents with intellectual disabilities in a very large proportion (62.5%) needs improvement for the adaptation of the consumption / intake to Mediterranean patterns. The results show that adolescents with intellectual disabilities do not follow the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, priority should be given to the application and implementation of health educational programs on diet in general, and more specifically on the benefits of Mediterranean diet to adolescents with intellectual disabilities, in order to adopt the Mediterranean diet patterns aiming on the beneficial effects, both directly and long-term in their adult life.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0606/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet are inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in PCaP

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 16-22.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Schneider ◽  
L. Joseph Su ◽  
Lenore Arab ◽  
Jeannette T. Bensen ◽  
Laura Farnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Aggressive Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean
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