scholarly journals Metabolomics and Microbiomes as Potential Tools to Evaluate the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jin ◽  
Alicen Black ◽  
Stefanos N. Kales ◽  
Dhiraj Vattem ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Improve Health ◽  
Human Metabolomics

The approach to studying diet–health relationships has progressively shifted from individual dietary components to overall dietary patterns that affect the interaction and balance of low-molecular-weight metabolites (metabolome) and host-enteric mic{Citation}robial ecology (microbiome). Even though the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a powerful strategy to improve health, the accurate assessment of exposure to the MedDiet has been a major challenge in epidemiological and clinical studies. Interestingly, while the effects of individual dietary components on the metabolome have been described, studies investigating metabolomic profiles in response to overall dietary patterns (including the MedDiet), although limited, have been gaining attention. Similarly, the beneficial effects of the MedDiet on cardiometabolic outcomes may be mediated through gut microbial changes. Accumulating evidence linking food ingestion and enteric microbiome alterations merits the evaluation of the microbiome-mediated effects of the MedDiet on metabolic pathways implicated in disease. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational and clinical trials involving the MedDiet by (1) assessing changes in the metabolome and microbiome for the measurement of diet pattern adherence and (2) assessing health outcomes related to the MedDiet through alterations to human metabolomics and/or the microbiome.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Diseases”

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2680
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Michail Chourdakis
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been considered among the healthiest dietary patterns since a little over 50 years ago, Ancel Keys—as the key figure—provided evidence for the beneficial effects of the MD [...]

scholarly journals From the Table to the Tumor: The Role of Mediterranean and Western Dietary Patterns in Shifting Microbial-Mediated Signaling to Impact Breast Cancer Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Newman ◽  
Mara Z. Vitolins ◽  
Katherine L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Diet is a modifiable component of lifestyle that could influence breast cancer development. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered one of the healthiest of all dietary patterns. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet protects against diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Reported consumption of a Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with lower breast cancer risk for women with all subtypes of breast cancer, and a Western diet pattern was associated with greater risk. In this review, we contrast the available epidemiological breast cancer data, comparing the impact of consuming a Mediterranean diet to the Western diet. Furthermore, we will review the preclinical data highlighting the anticancer molecular mechanism of Mediterranean diet consumption in both cancer prevention and therapeutic outcomes. Diet composition is a major constituent shaping the gut microbiome. Distinct patterns of gut microbiota composition are associated with the habitual consumption of animal fats, high-fiber diets, and vegetable-based diets. We will review the impact of Mediterranean diet on the gut microbiome and inflammation. Outside of the gut, we recently demonstrated that Mediterranean diet consumption led to distinct microbiota shifts in the mammary gland tissue, suggesting possible anticancer effects by diet on breast-specific microbiome. Taken together, these data support the anti-breast-cancer impact of Mediterranean diet consumption.

scholarly journals Multi-Morbidity and Mediterranean Diet in the Cypriot population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kyprianidou ◽  
D Panagiotakos ◽  
M Kambanaros ◽  
K C Makris ◽  
C A Christophi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Introduction Knowledge about factors associated with multi-morbidity in a given population has important implications for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis strategies. Objectives To examine the association of Mediterranean diet with multi-morbidity in the adult general population of Cyprus. Methods A representative sample of n = 1142 Cypriots over 18 years old was recruited during 2018-2019. Multi-morbidity was assessed using a validated questionnaire and diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the MedDiet score tool which included the weekly consumption of non-refined cereals, fruit, vegetables, legumes, potatoes, fish, meat and meat products, poultry, full fat dairy products, as well as olive oil and alcohol intake. Results The average Mediterranean diet score was 15.5 ± 4.0 with males adhering more to the Mediterranean diet compared to females (p < 0.001). Being in the higher tertile of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of multi-morbidity at α = 0.10, even after adjusting for age, gender, educational status, smoking habits, and physical activity (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.06, p = 0.09), compared to the lower tertile. Conclusions To the best to our knowledge, this is the first study which provides evidence of an association between Mediterranean diet and multi-morbidity. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of multi-morbidity. Future prevention programs and practice guidelines in Cyprus and elsewhere should take into account the beneficial effects of a Mediterranean diet on multi-morbidity. Key messages This study provides the first evidence of an association between Mediterranean diet and multi-morbidity. health benefits in terms of multiple chronic diseases in an individual can be gained from Mediterranean diet pattern.

Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Joshua S Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jones ◽  
Janet Cade ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
Darren Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

If we eat soy, do we keep the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108
Author(s):  
Giovanni Aulisa ◽  
Claudio Binda ◽  
Elvira Padua ◽  
Antonio Pratesi ◽  
Alfonso Bellia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to evaluate if soya consumption can compromise or positively influence the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD). Design/methodology/approach A full literature review has been conducted as part of a proposal of a new point of view on the consumption of soya and its derivatives in areas where until a few decades ago this type of food did not exist at all. Findings There does not seem to be any contraindications for soy systematic use, therefore, excluding historical-geographical reasons, soya could be included in an MD without altering the benefits associated with it. Practical implications Soya is not advised as a typical food in the MD, but promoting its use could probably contribute to increase the variety of the diet and likely consolidates the positive health benefits characteristic of MD. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is one of the first to evaluate soybean consumption within the MD.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Pattern Has Declined in Spanish Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz M. León-Muñoz ◽  
Pilar Guallar-Castillón ◽  
Auxiliadora Graciani ◽  
Esther López-García ◽  
Arthur E. Mesas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
The Mediterranean

Impact of migration on dietary patterns and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Northern Moroccan migrant adolescents in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Oussama El Mokhtari ◽  
Karim Anzid ◽  
Abderraouf Hilali ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
Ana Isabel Mora-Urda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Migrant Adolescents
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