scholarly journals Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-Induced Maternal Programming

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Isabela Monique Fortunato ◽  
Tanila Wood dos Santos ◽  
Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz ◽  
Juliana Carvalho Santos ◽  
Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Complex Chronic Disease

Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-induced Maternal Programming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Monique Fortunato ◽  
Tanila Wood dos Santos ◽  
Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz ◽  
Juliana Carvalho Santos ◽  
Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Complex Chronic Disease

Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by excess of body fat. It represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There are growing evidences showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influence neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an urgent need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables that exert their anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenols supplementation has been proven to counteract the deleterious effects of maternal obesity programming on offspring. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.

scholarly journals Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1385-1406
Author(s):  
Olga Scudiero ◽  
Raffaela Pero ◽  
Annaluisa Ranieri ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Fabio Fimiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

AbstractIn the last few years, a significant increase of childhood obesity incidence unequally distributed within countries and population groups has been observed, thus representing an important public health problem associated with several health and social consequences. Obese children have more than a 50% probability of becoming obese adults, and to develop pathologies typical of obese adults, that include type 2-diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Also environmental factors, such as reduced physical activity and increased sedentary activities, may also result in increased caloric intake and/or decreased caloric expenditure. In the present review, we aimed to identify and describe a specific panel of parameters in order to evaluate and characterize the childhood obesity status useful in setting up a preventive diagnostic approach directed at improving health-related behaviors and identifying predisposing risk factors. An early identification of risk factors for childhood obesity could definitely help in setting up adequate and specific clinical treatments.

A twin study of mortality after spousal bereavement

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. LICHTENSTEIN ◽  
M. GATZ ◽  
S. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Spousal Bereavement ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Young Old

Background. Previous research has shown an increased risk of mortality after spousal bereavement, with the highest risk in the first weeks or months closest to the loss. One difficult issue in these designs is appropriate covariates and control groups.Method. This study is based on 1993 pairs of twins discordant for marital status and on 35860 married individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry born between 1886 and 1958 and followed for marital and vital status between 1981 and 1993.Results. Spousal bereavement was a risk factor for mortality for both men and women using the still married co-twin as a control to the widowed proband, and controlling for earlier health status and health-related risk factors. The mortality risk was higher for young-old (under 70 years) individuals, and for recently widowed than for longer-term widowed. Young-old women had a pattern with increased mortality risk during the first years after bereavement, but also a markedly decreased risk if they survived 4 years after bereavement, as compared to married women.Conclusions. The results support a causal effect of bereavement on mortality. The decrease in risk for long-term young-old women is congruent with reports by widows of psychological growth after bereavement, involving increased sense of mastery and competence after learning to live in new sets of circumstances following the loss of their husband.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Prehypertension in Iranian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Kompani ◽  
Azar Nickavar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Iranian Children

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Early diagnosis of HTN and its related risk factors has been considered as one of the main requirements of general healthcare in children. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the nomograms of normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence of asymptomatic HTN and pre-HTN in a population of school-aged children. Methods: Systolic and diastolic BP, height, and weight were measured in 5811 healthy school-aged children (2904 males and 2907 females) during healthcare visits. HTN was defined as systolic or diastolic BP ≥ 95th percentile for age, gender, and height of the screened population on ≥ 3 occasions. Pre-HTN was considered as systolic or diastolic BP between 90 - 95 percentile. Results: HTN and pre-HTN were detected in 8.4% and 7.8% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of HTN was 8.6% among the males and 8.2% among the females. Systolic HTN and pre-HTN were detected in 5.8 and 6.4% of the cases compared to diastolic HTN and pre-HTN observed in 5.9 and 6.1% of the participants, respectively. In addition, HTN was detected in 27.9% of children with obesity. Conclusions: According to the high incidence of asymptomatic HTN and pre-HTN in asymptomatic children, it is recommended to perform routine BP measurement during medical care visits of all healthy school children and to prevent and treat obesity in childhood.

In search for an alternative to sugar to reduce obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshag D. Mooradian
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rare Sugars ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract. Consumption of table sugar has been increasing despite the warnings of public health officials as to the potential adverse consequences of sugar consumption. The World Health Organization recommends restricting consumption of sugars to no more than 10% of daily caloric intake, with a proposal to lower this level to 5% or less for optimal health. Unfortunately substituting sugar with the currently available artificial sweeteners does not appear to have favorable clinical effects. Given the health-related concerns with the currently available sweeteners such as increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes there is renewed interest in identifying a safe and palatable sweetener. The sweet extracts of natural plants such as stevia and monk fruit as well as naturally occurring rare sugars have become attractive alternatives. Although most of the sweeteners are sugars, there are some proteins such as braziien and miraculin that have intense sweetness and are being developed as sweeteners. Several companies are pursuing the development of “bitterness-blockers” to remove flavor defects. Other novel approaches include coating mineral carriers with sugar or hollowing out the sugar crystals. Naturally occurring rare sugars such as D-allulose (D-psicose), D-tagatose, D-sorbose and D-allose are attractive sweeteners. They do have the bulk and the mouth fill of table sugar with reduced caloric content (0.2 kcal/g for D-allulose). Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary to define the long term safety and efficacy of these sugars.

Evaluation of Fracture Load in Human Radius via Cohesive Finite Element Modeling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Ural
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Colles Fracture

Osteoporotic and age-related fractures are a significant public health problem. One of the most common osteoporotic fracture sites in the aging population is distal radius. There is evidence in the literature that distal radius fractures (Colles’ fracture) are an indicative of increased risk of future spine and hip fractures [1]. Therefore, developing new methods for accurate evaluation of human radius fracture risk is necessary. The previous studies showed that geometrical properties of the radius correlate with its fracture load [2]. However, the combined effect of geometrical and material properties on fracture load has not been studied.

Associations between Maternal AFP and β-HCG and Preterm Birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (14) ◽  
pp. 1459-1463
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hualong Kuang ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Daozhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Β Hcg

Objective Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health problem. We aimed to explore whether alpha fetal protein (AFP) or β-human gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels during pregnancy were associated with PTB in Chinese population. Study Design The clinical data collected Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital and Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 64,999 pregnant women were registered. In addition, 13,828 pregnant women were collected serum from the second trimester. The maternal serum AFP and β-HCG were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results In our study, the rate of PTB is 6.23%. With each unit increase of maternal AFP concentration, the adjusted odds of PTB was increased by 69.3% (odds ratio = 1.693, 95% confidence interval: 1.434–1.999, p = 0.00). We set AFP concentrations as high, medium, and low levels. When comparing with low concentration of AFP, high concentration of AFP (≥1.179 M) was positively associated with PTB with adjustment for potential confounders (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no statistically significant associations were observed between maternal β-HCG and PTB. Conclusion In this study, maternal AFP concentration was associated with increased risk of PTB.

scholarly journals Maternal-infant nutrition and development programming of offspring appetite and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Desai ◽  
Michael G Ross
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract In the United States and Mexico, the obesity epidemic represents a significant public health problem. Although obesity is often attributed to a Western-style, high-fat diet and decreased activity, there is now compelling evidence that this, in part, occurs because of the developmental programming effects resulting from exposure to maternal overnutrition. Human and animal studies demonstrate that maternal obesity and high-fat diet result in an increased risk for childhood and adult obesity. The potential programming effects of obesity have been partly attributed to hyperphagia, which occurs as a result of increased appetite with reduced satiety neuropeptides or neurons. However, depending on maternal nutritional status during the nursing period, the programmed hyperphagia and obesity can be exacerbated or prevented in offspring born to obese mothers. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon likely involves the plasticity of the appetite regulatory center and thus presents an opportunity to modulate feeding and satiety regulation and break the obesity cycle.

scholarly journals Association between dental caries, odontogenic infections, oral hygiene status and anthropometric measurements of children in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e201431
Author(s):  
Afolabi Oyapero ◽  
Aderinsola Adenaike ◽  
Augustine Edomwonyi ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi ◽  
Olubukola Olatosi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries

Dental caries is a significant public health problem afflicting about a third of the world’s population which impacts nutrition, quality of life and systemic health. Aim: We explored associations between dental caries, odontogenic infections, oral hygiene and anthropometric measurements of children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A pretested validated questionnaire was administered on 278 children who also received anthropometric assessment and dental examinations. Caries was scored according to WHO criteria and untreated dental caries by the Pulpal Exposure, Ulceration, Fistula, Abcess (PUFA/pufa) index. The weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), and weight for height (WHZ) parameters evaluated nutritional status. Categorical and continuous data were analysed by χ2-test and ANOVA. Regression analysis was done and statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT + dmft) > 0 was 220 (79.1%) and the proportion of d+D teeth in dmft+DMFT index was 194 (70.0%). The prevalence of odontogenic infections due to caries (PUFA + pufa > 0) was 172 (61.8%). 74 (26.6%) children were stunted; 12 (4.3%) were underweight while 30 (10.8%) were wasted. Children with PUFA + pufa > 1 had increased risk of wasting (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.16-4.88). Children with DMFT+dmft >5 were also significantly underweight with odds ratios of 2.34 (95% CI 1.04-4.33). Conclusions: There was significant association between untreated dental caries, odontogenic infections and stunting, wasting and being underweight among the children studied. Policy makers should be aware of the additional burden that oral neglect has on anthropometric indices.

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