scholarly journals Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Diana Maria Muñoz-Perez ◽  
Clara Helena Gonzalez-Correa ◽  
Elcy Yaned Astudillo-Muñoz ◽  
Gloria Liliana Porras-Hurtado ◽  
Maite Sanchez-Giraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Healthy Diets

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.

scholarly journals The effect of culinary doses of spices in a high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate meal on postprandial lipemia and endothelial function: a randomized, controlled, crossover pilot trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3191-3200
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Connie J. Rogers ◽  
Sheila G. West ◽  
David N. Proctor ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

Lower doses of spices (2 and 6 g) than previously tested may attenuate postprandial lipemia and impairments in endothelial function caused by a high-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate meal.

scholarly journals Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Annkathrin von der Haar ◽  
Ann-Kristin Baalmann ◽  
Maike Wellbrock ◽  
Thomas L. Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been suggested to affect depressive disorders. This review aims to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on depressive symptoms in people with or without diagnosed depression. Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the association between n-3 PUFAs and depressive symptoms or disorders as outcomes. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed. Twenty-five studies (7682 participants) were included. Our meta-analysis (20 studies) indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation lowered depressive symptomology as compared with placebo: SMD = −0.34, 95% CI: −0.55, −0.12, I2 = 86%, n = 5836, but a possible publication bias cannot be ruled out. Subgroup analyses indicated no statistically significant difference by treatment duration of <12 vs. ≥12 weeks, presence of comorbidity, or severity of depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, beneficial effects were seen in the subgroups of studies with longer treatment duration and with no depression and mild to moderate depression. Subgroup analysis by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dosage revealed differences in favor of the lower EPA dosage. Sensitivity analysis including studies with low risk of bias seems to confirm the overall result. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA appears to have a modest beneficial effect on depressive symptomology, although the quality of evidence is still insufficient.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Undergraduate Student Meals in an All-You-Care-to-Eat Campus Dining Facility (P04-156-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Olson ◽  
Katie Vieyra ◽  
Alexandra Polasky ◽  
Amy Best ◽  
Lois Durant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Research Award ◽  
George Mason University ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Objectives To assess the overall nutritional quality of meals chosen by undergraduate students during weekday lunches at campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls. Methods A previously validated exit survey was used to collect self-reported data from undergraduate students on foods and beverages they consumed during a single visit to two all-you-care-to-eat dining halls on the George Mason University Fairfax campus, during 4 weeks. (n = 468) Nutritional quality of each meal was evaluated on a 7-point rubric, according to the ‘Wellness Meal’ standards from the Partnership for a Healthier America: ≤700 kilocalories, ≤10% calories from saturated fat, ≤800 mg sodium, ≥2 ounces whole grains, ≥1 cup lowfat dairy, ≥ 1.75 cups fruits and vegetables, and ≥ 2 ounces lean protein. Results Of the maximum score of 7 on the meal nutritional quality rubric, 4 participants earned the highest score of 5, whereas 43, 150, 132, 88, and 51 participants had scores of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively. The most commonly attained rubric standard was saturated fat, where 60% of participants consumed ≤ 10% calories from saturated fat and average consumption was 9.1% (± 5.4%) of calories. The least achieved rubric category was lowfat dairy, where only 2% of students consumed 1 cup equivalent, followed by only 9% of participants having consumed the 2 ounce equivalent of whole grains. Approximately one-third of students met calorie, lean protein, sodium, and fruit/vegetable standards. Conclusions Despite a wide variety of food options in the campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls during the lunch hours, most undergraduate students consumed meals of subpar nutritional quality, with the vast majority meeting fewer than half the categories on the meal nutritional quality rubric. All-you-care-to-eat university dining halls may be a prime location for nutrition education and interventions. Funding Sources This research was funded by the George Mason University Provost's Multidisciplinary Research Award.

Abstract 38: Tandem Effects of Specific Foods on Cardiometabolic Risk within the Context of Overall Dietary Patterns: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali M Singh ◽  
Marcia Otto ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis

Background: Cardiometabolic (CMB) risk factors are major mediators of the effects of diet on health. Multiple foods are often consumed in tandem, yet CMB effects of individual dietary factors are often studied in isolation, leading to estimates that may not represent true effects as part of diet patterns. Objective: To quantify the effects of major foods (fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish) and dietary fiber, when consumed within the context of overall diet patterns, on systolic BP, serum lipids, and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Methods: PubMed was searched through Oct 2015 to identify randomized controlled feeding studies evaluating effects of major dietary patterns on CMB factors. We included trials evaluating major dietary patterns including fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds, whole grains, fish, and dietary fiber as major components and evaluating effects on systolic BP, serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides), or markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis (fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, postprandial glucose, or fasting insulin). Multivariate metaregression was used to estimate food-specific effects on CMB factors. Results: Among 15 included trials, diet-pattern related decreases in SBP ranged from -2.2 to -9.5 mmHg; and in LDL-C, from -5.0 to -14.7 mg/dL. Each specific food had different, independent, and additive effects on these risk factors ( Figure ). Results for measures of glucose-insulin homeostasis are in progress. Conclusions: Each of these foods independently influences major CMB risk factors, even when consumed in tandem as part of overall diet patterns . Such quantification more accurately reflects the complementary effects of diverse dietary components and highlights the importance of integrated approaches to investigating dietary factors and implementing relevant dietary policies.

Health Implications of a Vegetarian Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Carol Zeuschner ◽  
Angela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

There is now a significant amount of research that demonstrates the health benefits of vegetarian and plant-based diets, which have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and some types of cancer as well as increased longevity. Vegetarian diets are typically lower in fat, particularly saturated fat, and higher in dietary fiber. They are also likely to include more whole grains, legumes, nuts, and soy protein, and together with the absence of red meat, this type of eating plan may provide many benefits for the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a well-planned vegetarian or vegan diet can meet all the nutritional needs of an individual, it may be necessary to pay particular attention to some nutrients to ensure an adequate intake, particularly if the person is on a vegan diet. This article will review the evidence for the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and also discuss strategies for meeting the nutritional needs of those following a vegetarian or plant-based eating pattern.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography Measurement of Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness and Its Correlation with Hyperlipidemia and Steatohepatitis in Obese People

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Roshani Pathak ◽  
Sunil Pradhan ◽  
Abhushan Tuladhar ◽  
Amit Shrestha ◽  
Riwaz Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Class I Obesity ◽  
Blood Institute

Introduction Unhealthy dietary practices, sedentary lifestyle and obesity have emerged as major risk factors of Non communicable diseases (NCD).[1] In India there is shift in dietary patterns to more ‘Western’ diets rich in saturated fat, refined foods and sugar and low in fibre[2] due to which there is a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use and high intake of saturated fat.[3] In 2000, the International Obesity Task Force of the WHO (IOTF-WHO) proposed a modification of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines on overweight/obesity which is as follows : Overweight, 23 to <25; class I obesity, 25 to <30; and class II obesity, ≥30. Redefining the obesity cut-off (BMI >25) creates an “obesity burden” in urban India.[4]

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