scholarly journals Edible Mushrooms and Beta-Glucans: Impact on Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Chiara Cerletti ◽  
Simona Esposito ◽  
Licia Iacoviello
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Branching Structures ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Promising Application

Mushroom cell walls are rich in β-glucans, long or short-chain polymers of glucose subunits with β-1,3 and β-1,6 linkages, that are responsible for the linear and branching structures, respectively. β-glucans from cereals, at variance, have no 1,6 linkages nor branching structures. Both immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mushrooms have been described using purified β-glucans or fungi extracts on cellular and experimental models; their potential clinical use has been tested in different conditions, such as recurrent infections of the respiratory tract or complications of major surgery. Another promising application of β-glucans is on cancer, as adjuvant of conventional chemotherapy. β-glucans may protect the cardiovascular system, ameliorating glucose, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure: these activities, observed for oat and barley β-glucans, require confirmation in human studies with mushroom β-glucans. On the other hand, mushrooms may also protect the cardiovascular system via a number of other components, such as bioactive phenolic compounds, vitamins, and mineral elements. The growing knowledge on the mechanism(s) and health benefits of mushrooms is encouraging the development of a potential clinical use of β-glucans, and also to further document their role in preserving health and prevent disease in the context of healthy lifestyles.

The Potential of Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides As Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 6399-6411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pathogen Inhibition ◽  
Health Applications

Marine environments have a high quantity and diversity of sulfated polysaccharides. In coastal regions brown algae are the most abundant biomass producers and their cell walls have fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), known as fucans and/or fucoidans. These sulfated compounds have been widely researched for their biomedical properties, namely the immunomodulatory, haemostasis, pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antitumoral. These activities are probably due to their ability to mimic the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the FCSP are interesting compounds for application in health-related subjects, mainly for developing scaffolds for delivery systems or tissue regeneration. FCSP showed potential for these applications also due to their ability to form stable 3D structures with other polymers able to entrap therapeutic agents or cell and growth factors, besides their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, for the clinical use of these biopolymers well-defined reproducible molecules are required in order to accurately establish relationships between structural features and human health applications.

A Preliminary Clinical Study of Cyclophosphamide with Reduced Glutathione Asc Uroprotector

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Nobile ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Vidili ◽  
Marco Benasso ◽  
Marco Venturini ◽  
Michele Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Microscopic Hematuria ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Thiol Compound ◽  
Preliminary Results

Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to be an effective protector against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity in experimental models, providing protection comparable to that of mesna. This paper describes our preliminary results of the clinical use of GSH in combination with cyclophosphamide. GSH was administered i.v. in two divided doses of 2.5 g, 15 min before and 30 min after escalating doses of cyclophosphamide ranging from 1.2 up to 1.6 g/m2 (1-h infusion). GSH was well tolerated and did not produce unexpected toxicity. The lack of bladder damage, including microscopic hematuria, supports the protective role of this thiol compound.

Interstitial Laser Ablation in Experimental Models and in Clinical Use

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Dachman ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Jennifer Burris ◽  
Willem VanDeMerwe
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Interstitial Laser

scholarly journals Accelerated fracture healing with teriparatide

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lindolfo C. Borges ◽  
Anderson Freitas ◽  
John P. Bilezikian
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Callus Size

Satisfactory healing of the osteoporotic fracture is critically important to functional recovery, morbidity, and quality of life. Some therapies for osteoporosis may affect the processes associated with bone repair. For example, bisphosphonates in experimental models are associated with increased callus size and mineralization, reduced callus remodeling, and improved mechanical strength. Local and systemic bisphosphonate treatment may improve implant fixation. No negative impact on fracture healing has been observed, even after major surgery or when administered immediately after fracture. For the osteoanabolic agent teriparatide, case reports and a randomized trial have produced mixed results, but they are consistent with a positive impact of teriparatide on fracture healing. Some of the agents currently being developed for osteoporosis, notably sclerostin and DKK1 antibodies have shown a beneficial effect on fracture healing. At this point, therefore, there is no evidence that osteoporosis therapies are detrimental to fracture healing with some promising experimental evidence for positive effects on healing, notably for those agents whose actions are primarily anabolic.

Applications of Electrophysiology in a Neurotoxicity Battery

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many

Electrophysiology encompasses a multifaceted group of diagnostic tests which have been validated through clinical use. These evaluate not only CNS and PNS function, but also the function of the cardiovascular system, which affects the nervous system indirectly. As the many positive attributes of these tests become more widely recognized, it seems likely that the use of electrophysiologic tests will expand in the future.

scholarly journals HIF in Nephrotoxicity during Cisplatin Chemotherapy: Regulation, Function and Therapeutic Potential

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Siyao Li ◽  
Lu Wen ◽  
Xiaoru Hu ◽  
Qingqing Wei ◽  
Zheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Oxygen Condition ◽  
Regulation Function

Cisplatin is a highly effective, broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic drug, yet its clinical use and efficacy are limited by its side effects. Particularly, cancer patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy have high incidence of kidney problems. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the “master” transcription factor that is induced under hypoxia to trans-activate various genes for adaptation to the low oxygen condition. Numerous studies have reported that HIF activation protects against AKI and promotes kidney recovery in experimental models of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In contrast, little is known about the effects of HIF on chronic kidney problems following cisplatin chemotherapy. Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are potent HIF inducers that recently entered clinical use. By inducing HIF, PHD inhibitors may protect kidneys during cisplatin chemotherapy. However, HIF activation by PHD inhibitors may reduce the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin in tumors. Future studies should test PHD inhibitors in tumor-bearing animal models to verify their effects in kidneys and tumors.

scholarly journals Pre-eclampsia in a mother and programming of the child’s cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Kovtun ◽  
P. B. Tsyvian
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Phenotype Formation ◽  
And Function

The authors present a review of the literature devoted to the problem of programming the formation of the cardiovascular system structure and function in children born from mothers with preeclampsia. These children are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Pre-eclampsia is caused by the endothelium dysfunction, deregulation of the immune and inflammatory factors during pregnancy. Experimental studies identify these factors as key epigenetic factors programming the condition of the cardiovascular system of the offspring. The modern concept of intrauterine programming, describing this phenomenon, focuses on three main areas of research: experimental models simulating the intrauterine environment with preeclampsia; research of the pathological phenotype formation under the influence of these factors; epigenetic studies of the influence of preeclampsia on the cardiovascular system functioning. The article discusses the perspectives of epigenetic programming prevention.

Effects of flavonoids in experimental models of arterial hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi M. Atucha ◽  
Paola Romecín ◽  
Felix Vargas ◽  
Joaquin García-Estañ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Many

: Flavonoids are a class of substances of a vegetal origin with many interesting actions from the point of view of human disease. Interest in flavonoids in the diet has increased in recent years due to the publication of basic, clinical and epidemiological studies that have shown a whole array of salutory effects related to intake of flavonols and flavones as well as a lower morbility and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Since arterial hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this review will focus mainly on the effects of flavonoids on the cardiovascular system with relation to the elevation of blood pressure. Its antihypertensive effects as well as the many investigations performed in experimental models of arterial hypertension are reviewed in this mini-review.

scholarly journals Magnetogels: Prospects and Main Challenges in Biomedical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Veloso ◽  
Paula Ferreira ◽  
J. Martins ◽  
Paulo Coutinho ◽  
Elisabete Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
New Generation

Drug delivery nanosystems have been thriving in recent years as a promising application in therapeutics, seeking to solve the lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapy targeting and add further features such as enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, biosensing and hyperthermia. The combination of magnetic nanoparticles and hydrogels introduces a new generation of nanosystems, the magnetogels, which combine the advantages of both nanomaterials, apart from showing interesting properties unobtainable when both systems are separated. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles allows the control and targeting of the nanosystem to a specific location by an externally applied magnetic field gradient. Moreover, the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) not only allows therapy through hyperthermia, but also enhances drug delivery and chemotherapeutic desired effects, which combined with the hydrogel specificity, confer a high therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, the present review summarizes the magnetogels properties and critically discusses their current and recent biomedical applications, apart from an outlook on future goals and perspectives.

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