scholarly journals Omega-3 Supplementation and Heart Disease: A Population-Based Diet by Gene Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Fernandez ◽  
Sarah A. Blomquist ◽  
Brian Hallmark ◽  
Floyd H. Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites have long been recognized to protect against inflammation-related diseases including heart disease. Recent reports present conflicting evidence on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on major cardiovascular events including death. While some studies document that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces the risk for heart disease, others report no beneficial effects on heart disease composite primary outcomes. Much of this heterogeneity may be related to the genetic variation in different individuals/populations that alters their capacity to synthesize biologically active n-3 and omega 6 (n-6) PUFAs and metabolites from their 18 carbon dietary precursors, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3, n-3). Here, we discuss the role of a FADS gene-by-dietary PUFA interaction model that takes into consideration dietary exposure, including the intake of LA and ALA, n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in determining the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We also review recent clinical trials with n-3 PUFA supplementation and coronary heart disease in the context of what is known about fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene-by-dietary PUFA interactions. Given the dramatic differences in the frequencies of FADS variants that impact the efficiency of n-3 and n-6 PUFA biosynthesis, and their downstream signaling products among global and admixture populations, we conclude that large clinical trials utilizing “one size fits all” n-3 PUFA supplementation approaches are unlikely to show effectiveness. However, evidence discussed in this review suggests that n-3 PUFA supplementation may represent an important opportunity where precision interventions can be focused on those populations that will benefit the most from n-3 PUFA supplementation.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Joachim Hauser ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya ◽  
Ivo Kaunzinger ◽  
Katharina M Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. Insufficient dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has been suggested to have an impact on the development of symptoms of ADHD in children. Individuals with ADHD have been demonstrated to have significantly reduced blood concentrations of PUFAs and, in particular, reduced levels of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may reduce the attention and behavior problems associated with ADHD.Objective: To provide an overview of the efficacy of dietary LC-PUFA supplementation in the treatment of ADHD. Methods: Literature published up until December 2013 on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on ADHD symptoms was obtained using a PubMed search and critically reviewed.Results: Dietary PUFA supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms although these effects are small. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be determined.Conclusion: There is only limited support for the efficacy of PUFA supplementation for the core symptoms of ADHD. Given the small effect sizes regarding PUFA supplementation, it may not be a sufficient therapy for a majority of patients with ADHD.Keywords: diet, nutrition, polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Olaia Urrutia ◽  
José Antonio Mendizabal ◽  
Leopoldo Alfonso ◽  
Beatriz Soret ◽  
Kizkitza Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for improving peripheral nerve health: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Ceecee Zhang ◽  
Richard J MacIsaac ◽  
Leslie Roberts ◽  
Jordan Kamel ◽  
Jennifer P Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

IntroductionDamage to peripheral nerves occurs in a variety of health conditions. Preserving nerve integrity, to prevent progressive nerve damage, remains a clinical challenge. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are implicated in the development and maintenance of healthy nerves and may be beneficial for promoting peripheral nerve health. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of oral omega-3 PUFA supplementation on peripheral nerve integrity, including both subjective and objective measures of peripheral nerve structure and/or function.Methods and analysisA systematic review of randomised controlled trials that have evaluated the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on peripheral nerve assessments will be conducted. Comprehensive electronic database searches will be performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), US National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The title, abstract and keywords of identified articles will be assessed for eligibility by two reviewers. Full-text articles will be obtained for all studies judged as eligible or potentially eligible; these studies will be independently assessed by two reviewers to determine eligibility. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool to appraise the quality of included studies. If clinically meaningful, and there are a sufficient number of eligible studies, a meta-analysis will be conducted and a summary of findings table will be provided.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review that will involve the analysis of previously published data, and therefore ethics approval is not required. A manuscript reporting the results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and may also be presented at relevant scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018086297.

Effect of dietary fish and soya oil supplementation on muscle fatty acid concentrations and oxidative lipid stability in beef cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
J.P. Kelly ◽  
F.J. Monahan ◽  
A.P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Soya Oil

Some studies have shown a synergistic effect of supplementing dairy cow diets with a blend of fish and soya oil on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk. This is apparently due to increased accumulation of ruminal and tissue concentrations of vaccenic acid (VA), the main substrate for ∆-9 desaturase catalysed, de novo tissue synthesis of the cis 9, trans 11 isomer of CLA. Furthermore, recent in vitro studies suggest that the dietary ratio of linoleic acid to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may be an important mediator of this synergism (AbuGhazaleh and Jenkins, 2004). Additionally, dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFA can shorten the shelf life of meat. The objectives of the current study were to examine level and duration of dietary PUFA supplementation on tissue fatty acid concentrations and on lipid oxidative stability of beef cattle.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in Fatty Acid Desaturase (FADS) Gene Cluster: Effects on Glycemic Controls Following an Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Supplementation

Genes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Cormier ◽  
Iwona Rudkowska ◽  
Elisabeth Thifault ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

scholarly journals Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and body weight

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S107-S116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Martínez-Victoria ◽  
María Dolores Yago
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

In animal studies,n-3 PUFA have been shown to influence body composition and to reduce the accumulation of body fat, thereby affecting body weight homeostasis. In addition, it has been suggested that an additional supply ofn-3 PUFA during pregnancy or lactation, or both, would have a beneficial effect on birth weight and infant growth and development. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review interventional clinical trials on the effects of dietaryn-3 PUFA supplementation on body weight in adult subjects and in infants whose mothers were supplemented with these fatty acids during pregnancy and/or lactation. A systematic search, focused onn-3 PUFA and body weight, and limited to controlled clinical trials, was performed in different databases. The quality of all included studies was assessed against set criteria, and results of eligible trials were compared. There were few studies targeting this topic. In adults, all of the five studies included, except for one, show no change in body weight by dietary supplementation withn-3 PUFA. Within those trials conducted in pregnant and/or lactating women in which a main outcome was birth weight or growth in infancy, two showed a modest increase in birth weight and the rest showed no effect. None of the trials showed an effect of maternaln-3 PUFA supplementation on infant's weight at the short term. However, it should be noted that a number of limitations, including a variety of experimental designs, type and doses ofn-3 PUFA, and high attrition rates, among others, make impossible to draw robust conclusions from this review.

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