scholarly journals Difference and Variance in Nutrient Intake by Age for Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: Comparison of Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Midori Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Yokomichi ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Population ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This study aimed to estimate the distribution of usual intakes in protein, sodium, potassium, and calcium by age group and assessed whether proportions of deficiencies/excesses of each nutrient would occur more in older age via a comparison with the dietary reference intakes for the Japanese population (DRIs_J). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a database of the 2-day nutrient intake of 361 Japanese people aged 65–90 years. The AGEVAR MODE was used to estimate usual intake. Percentile curves using estimated distribution by sex and age and usual nutrient intake were compared to those of the DRIs_J. The usual intake of protein (male and female) and potassium and calcium (female) were lower with older age. Within-individual variance of protein in female (p = 0.037) and calcium in male (p = 0.008) subjects were considerably lower with older age. The proportion of deficiencies in protein (male and female), potassium (female), and calcium (female) were higher with older age. However, the proportion of people with excess salt (converted from sodium; male and female) did not differ by age. The variances found herein could be important for enhancing the understanding of differences in dietary intake by age.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake variability and the number of days needed to estimate usual intake in children aged 13–32 months

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana L. Padilha ◽  
Ana Karina T. d. C. França ◽  
Sueli I. O. da Conceição ◽  
Wyllyane Rayana C. Carvalho ◽  
Mônica A. Batalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Program Version

AbstractThe number of days of data required to accurately estimate usual nutrient intake of children is not well established. This study aims to calculate the variability and the number of days required to estimate usual nutrient intake in children aged 13–32 months. This cross-sectional study, which is part of the BRISA Project in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, involved 231 children from April 2011 to January 2013. Socio-economic and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and 3 non-consecutive days of food consumption were collected using a 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) survey. Intrapersonal and interpersonal variability and variance ratio (VR) were obtained for each nutrient using the Multiple Source Method® program (version 1.0.1). The number of days (d) needed was calculated using the formula proposed by Black et al. for different correlation coefficients (r) (i.e. 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9). For the vast majority of nutrients, intrapersonal and interpersonal variability values of <1 were observed, with even smaller intrapersonal variabilities, resulting in low VR (<1). More days were needed to estimate intakes of soluble fibre (12), insoluble fibre (11), total fibre (10), vitamin C (9) and PUFA (7), while fewer days were needed for energy, carbohydrate, SFA, Ca, Fe, P and Zn (all had 2 d for r 0·9). However, most nutrients required one, two or three 24HDR for r 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Analysis of Overall Dietary Intake and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Patient’s with Crohn’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorian Taylor ◽  
Abdulelah Almutairdi ◽  
Nusrat Shommu ◽  
Richard Fedorak ◽  
Subrata Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Endoscopic Remission ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The purpose of this study was to (a) compare macro- and micronutrient intakes between male and female CD patients (b) compare micronutrient intakes of CD patients to a representative population of healthy individuals, and; (c) describe Mediterranean diet scores (P-MDS) of male and female CD patients in remission recruited from an IBD clinic in Calgary, AB. Consecutive patients with ileal and/or colonic CD in endoscopic remission were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 45, and a BMI &ge; 25. Compared with the healthy population, patients with CD had similar energy, protein, carbohydrate and total fat intake. However, PUFA, omega-6 and 3 and MUFA were lower in CD patients and dietary fibre intake was higher. Vitamins C, D, thiamin, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and potassium were all significantly lower in all CD patients compared to a healthy population. Few patients with CD met P-MDS criteria for olive oil, vegetable, legumes, and fish intake or consuming Sofrito sauce (mean 4.5, SD=1.1 in males and 4.7, SD=1.8 in females). Patients with CD in remission have suboptimal dietary intakes and patterns and targeted dietary interventions may be beneficial in this population to improve intake.

Distribution of male and female procedural and surgical specialists in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Turtle ◽  
Anna Vnuk ◽  
Vivian Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Medical School Graduation ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectiveThis study examined the distribution of the sexes across Australian medical procedural specialties in 2017 and investigated the proportion of currently registered female specialists based on their graduation date from 1969 to 2008. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of current Australian procedural and surgical specialists registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Registration Agency as of January 2017 was undertaken. Participants included 4851 surgical specialists (594 female, 4257 male) and 14948 specialists in specialties with high levels of procedural clinical work (4418 female, 10530 male). The number of male and female specialists across each procedural specialty and the medical school graduation date of current female specialists were analysed. ResultsIn 2017, female fellows represented only one in 10 surgeons and three in 10 procedural specialists. All surgical specialties are underrepresented by female specialists. Cardiology is least represented by female practitioners (one in 10), followed by intensive care and ophthalmology (two in 10). General surgery, otolaryngology and urology saw more female specialists with graduation dates between 1983 and 2003 compared with the other surgical specialties. ConclusionThe number of female practitioners registered as specialists is increasing, but they continue to be underrepresented at specialist level across many procedural and surgical specialties. What is known about the topic?Although the number of female students entering medical school now outnumbers that of males, female practitioners remain underrepresented at the specialist level. What does this paper add?Surgery continues to be underrepresented by female specialists, but general surgery, otolaryngology and urology have shown increases in females reaching specialist level. All procedural specialties have shown increasing numbers of female practitioners reaching the specialist level. What are the implications for practitioners?All surgical specialties and nearly all procedural specialties need to adopt evidence-based practices to make their training programs both appealing and sustainable to female trainees in order to work towards achieving gender parity.

scholarly journals Survey of nutrition knowledge of physicians in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R Allafi ◽  
Fahhad Alajmi ◽  
Ahmad Al-Haifi
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine whether nutrition knowledge differs between male and female physicians working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of physician's nutrition knowledge by using a sixteen-item multiple-choice questionnaire.SettingGovernmental hospitals in Kuwait City, Kuwait.SubjectsOne hundred Kuwaiti physicians (fifty males; fifty females) working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.ResultsA response rate of 73 % was achieved (forty males; thirty-three females). The mean percentage of correctly answered questions was 60 %. The male and female physicians averaged 56 % and 65 % of correct responses, respectively (P = 0·042). However, only for two questions did male and female physicians’ scores differ significantly (P < 0·05). The two age groups (<40 years; ≥40 years) had equal mean total correct scores (60 %, P = 0·935). Physicians’ knowledge was greatest for topics that have received a great deal of media coverage in Kuwait. Most (70 %) of the physicians described their nutrition knowledge as ‘moderate’.ConclusionsPhysicians in Kuwait gave inaccurate information regarding common problems in Kuwaitis such as obesity, hypertension and osteoporosis. In view of the public's perception of the role of the physician in providing nutrition advice, it is imperative that nutrition and diet training be part of continuing medical education to bridge these deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge.

Dietary Patterns in an Ethnoculturally Diverse Population: Of Young Canadian Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. e161-e168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren R. Brenner ◽  
Beatrice A. Boucher ◽  
Nancy Kreiger ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Ahmed El-Sohemy
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Ethnocultural Groups ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose: Dietary patterns of food consumption were investigated among young urban Toronto adults, including men and women from different ethnocultural groups. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis among 1153 adults aged 20 to 29 years, from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Principal components analysis of food intake scores was used to identify food consumption patterns. Logistic regression, analysis of variance, and t-tests were used to test for differences in dietary patterns between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. Partial correlations were used to investigate the relationship between patterns and nutrient intake. Results: Three predominant patterns were identified and termed “prudent,” “Western,” and “Eastern” patterns. Caucasians had significantly higher prudent pattern scores than did Asians and South Asians, while Asians had significantly higher Eastern pattern scores than did other ethnocultural groups (p<0.01). Women had higher prudent pattern scores (odds ratio [OR]=4.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.11-5.96) and lower Western pattern scores (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.45-0.84) than did men. Dietary pattern scores were correlated with nutrient and energy intakes. Conclusions: We observed distinct dietary patterns in this population of young adults. These dietary patterns varied significantly between ethnocultural groups and between men and women. The patterns were associated with nutrient intake levels; this association may have important public health implications.

scholarly journals Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Sources in 1-Year-Old Infants in Finland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Hauta-alus ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Elisa Holmlund-Suila ◽  
Jenni Rosendahl ◽  
Saara Valkama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Food And Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals A longer time spent at childcare is associated with lower diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1.5–2 and 3–4 years: Dietary Observation and Nutrient intake for Good health Research in Japanese young children (DONGuRI) study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yui Yoshii ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between the amount of time spent at childcare and diet quality in 668 Japanese children aged 1·5–6 years. Design: A cross-sectional design was used. Dietary information was collected using dietary records (1 d for children aged 1·5–2 years and 2 d for children aged 3–6 years). Diet quality was assessed by counting the number of nutrients not meeting the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Each child’s guardian reported the average amount of time spent at childcare per d for the previous 1 month. Setting: In total, 315 childcare centres located in twenty-four areas in Japan. Participants: In total, 753 children aged 1·5–6 years who attend childcare facilities. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, OR for the low diet quality (≥ 5 of twenty nutrients not meeting DRI) in long (≥10 h/d) v. medium (8–10 h/d) childcare hours was 4·81 (95 % CI 1·96, 11·8) among children aged 5–6 years. There was no significant association in children aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years. Conclusion: This study showed that long time spent at childcare was strongly associated with low diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years. More research is needed to clarify different associations in each age group.

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