Distribution of male and female procedural and surgical specialists in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Turtle ◽  
Anna Vnuk ◽  
Vivian Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Medical School Graduation ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectiveThis study examined the distribution of the sexes across Australian medical procedural specialties in 2017 and investigated the proportion of currently registered female specialists based on their graduation date from 1969 to 2008. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of current Australian procedural and surgical specialists registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Registration Agency as of January 2017 was undertaken. Participants included 4851 surgical specialists (594 female, 4257 male) and 14948 specialists in specialties with high levels of procedural clinical work (4418 female, 10530 male). The number of male and female specialists across each procedural specialty and the medical school graduation date of current female specialists were analysed. ResultsIn 2017, female fellows represented only one in 10 surgeons and three in 10 procedural specialists. All surgical specialties are underrepresented by female specialists. Cardiology is least represented by female practitioners (one in 10), followed by intensive care and ophthalmology (two in 10). General surgery, otolaryngology and urology saw more female specialists with graduation dates between 1983 and 2003 compared with the other surgical specialties. ConclusionThe number of female practitioners registered as specialists is increasing, but they continue to be underrepresented at specialist level across many procedural and surgical specialties. What is known about the topic?Although the number of female students entering medical school now outnumbers that of males, female practitioners remain underrepresented at the specialist level. What does this paper add?Surgery continues to be underrepresented by female specialists, but general surgery, otolaryngology and urology have shown increases in females reaching specialist level. All procedural specialties have shown increasing numbers of female practitioners reaching the specialist level. What are the implications for practitioners?All surgical specialties and nearly all procedural specialties need to adopt evidence-based practices to make their training programs both appealing and sustainable to female trainees in order to work towards achieving gender parity.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Global Surgery Opportunities Among General Surgery Residency Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185
Author(s):  
Peter J. Abraham ◽  
Mackenzie N. Abraham ◽  
Britney L. Corey ◽  
Brenessa Lindeman ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
General Surgery Residency ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Analysis of Overall Dietary Intake and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Patient’s with Crohn’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorian Taylor ◽  
Abdulelah Almutairdi ◽  
Nusrat Shommu ◽  
Richard Fedorak ◽  
Subrata Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Endoscopic Remission ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The purpose of this study was to (a) compare macro- and micronutrient intakes between male and female CD patients (b) compare micronutrient intakes of CD patients to a representative population of healthy individuals, and; (c) describe Mediterranean diet scores (P-MDS) of male and female CD patients in remission recruited from an IBD clinic in Calgary, AB. Consecutive patients with ileal and/or colonic CD in endoscopic remission were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 45, and a BMI ≥ 25. Compared with the healthy population, patients with CD had similar energy, protein, carbohydrate and total fat intake. However, PUFA, omega-6 and 3 and MUFA were lower in CD patients and dietary fibre intake was higher. Vitamins C, D, thiamin, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and potassium were all significantly lower in all CD patients compared to a healthy population. Few patients with CD met P-MDS criteria for olive oil, vegetable, legumes, and fish intake or consuming Sofrito sauce (mean 4.5, SD=1.1 in males and 4.7, SD=1.8 in females). Patients with CD in remission have suboptimal dietary intakes and patterns and targeted dietary interventions may be beneficial in this population to improve intake.

scholarly journals Women and Men Were Proportionally Represented Among Speakers at Major National Neurology Conferences in 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie McDermott ◽  
James F. Burke ◽  
Haley McCalpin ◽  
Anita V. Shelgikar ◽  
Douglas J. Gelb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Disproportionate Representation ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical School Graduation ◽  
School Graduation ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether speaking roles at five major neurology conferences in 2017 show disproportionate representation by men.MethodsThis study consisted of two cross-sectional analyses. In the first part, we compared speaker characteristics across meetings and by gender using descriptive statistics. In the second part, we linked presenters to the American Medical Association (AMA) Masterfile. For the primary analysis in the second part using linked AMA speaker data, we built models to estimate the influence of gender on speaker roles.Results1493 speakers were identified and included in our cross-sectional analysis. Women made up 28% of presenters from the US and 18% of presenters from other countries. After adjusting for years from medical school graduation and subspecialty, no effect of gender on speaker activity was observed (odds ratio [OR] for women 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.07).ConclusionsFactors aside from national conference speaking activity should be investigated to better understand sex differences in rank at top-ranked academic neurology programs.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Industry Funding of Health Consumer Groups in Australia: A Cross-sectional Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Swestika Swandari ◽  
Edith Lau ◽  
Agnes Vitry ◽  
Barbara Mintzes
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Health Consumer ◽  
Consumer Organizations ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Relationships between consumer organizations and pharmaceutical manufacturers are the focus of transparency efforts in some jurisdictions, including Australia. This study describes the frequency and nature of industry sponsorship of Australian health consumer organizations and examines the link between sponsorship of the most highly funded organizations and manufacturers’ requests for public reimbursement of products for related health conditions. We downloaded 130 transparency reports covering the period January 2013 to December 2016 from the website of Medicines Australia and carried out a descriptive analysis. For the most heavily funded organizations and their sponsors, we examined Public Summary Documents of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee to identify relevant products under consideration for public reimbursement over the study period. Thirty-four pharmaceutical companies provided 1,482 sponsorships to 230 organizations, spending a total of AU$34,507,810. The top clinical areas in terms of amount of funding received were cancer, eye health, and nervous system disorders. The sponsors of the most highly funded groups were companies that in most cases had drugs under review for public reimbursement for conditions covered by these organizations. Interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and consumer organizations are common and require careful management to prevent biases that may favor sponsors’ interests above those of patients and the public.

scholarly journals Survey of nutrition knowledge of physicians in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad R Allafi ◽  
Fahhad Alajmi ◽  
Ahmad Al-Haifi
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine whether nutrition knowledge differs between male and female physicians working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of physician's nutrition knowledge by using a sixteen-item multiple-choice questionnaire.SettingGovernmental hospitals in Kuwait City, Kuwait.SubjectsOne hundred Kuwaiti physicians (fifty males; fifty females) working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.ResultsA response rate of 73 % was achieved (forty males; thirty-three females). The mean percentage of correctly answered questions was 60 %. The male and female physicians averaged 56 % and 65 % of correct responses, respectively (P = 0·042). However, only for two questions did male and female physicians’ scores differ significantly (P < 0·05). The two age groups (<40 years; ≥40 years) had equal mean total correct scores (60 %, P = 0·935). Physicians’ knowledge was greatest for topics that have received a great deal of media coverage in Kuwait. Most (70 %) of the physicians described their nutrition knowledge as ‘moderate’.ConclusionsPhysicians in Kuwait gave inaccurate information regarding common problems in Kuwaitis such as obesity, hypertension and osteoporosis. In view of the public's perception of the role of the physician in providing nutrition advice, it is imperative that nutrition and diet training be part of continuing medical education to bridge these deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge.

The Need for Nutritional Education Reform in US Medical Education System

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097162
Author(s):  
Mason Sutherland ◽  
Kelly McKenney ◽  
Hunter Shanahan ◽  
Mark McKenney ◽  
Adel Elkbuli
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Medical School ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Surgery Residency ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Course Format

Background To compare the setting, quality, and utility of nutritional education received by general surgery residents and faculty surgeons and their perceptions and challenges in managing patient nutritional needs. Methods Cross-sectional analysis utilizing anonymous survey data distributed by the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS) to its affiliated general surgery residency programs. Results 90.2% (n = 65) of residents and 85.7% (n = 24) of faculty surgeons reported having received nutritional education. The majority (78%) of respondents utilize patient nutrition on a regular basis (monthly or more often), with 54% reporting utilization daily or weekly. Overall, 65% of respondents reported experiencing challenges in managing patient nutritional needs, and 86% agreed that additional nutritional education during training would assist with patient care. Residents and faculty surgeons both significantly reported challenges in determining which specific nutritional formula to use ( X2 = 22.414, P = .049). Residents were associated with reporting challenges in successfully managing oral, enteral, and parenteral routes of nutrition ( X2 = 16.241, P = .023). Conclusions Despite receiving nutritional education, the majority of surgery residents and faculty surgeons report difficulty in managing their patients nutritional needs. Surgery residents report difficulties with all delivery modes of nutrition, including oral, parenteral, and enteral. Revising medical school nutritional education competencies to focus on more practical aspects of nutrition, reform of formal course format, greater interprofessional collaboration with dieticians starting at the student level, and enforcement of nutritional education requirements by medical school and residency program accrediting bodies can serve to advance physicians’ nutritional knowledge and improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Difference and Variance in Nutrient Intake by Age for Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: Comparison of Dietary Reference Intakes for the Japanese Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Midori Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Yokomichi ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Population ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This study aimed to estimate the distribution of usual intakes in protein, sodium, potassium, and calcium by age group and assessed whether proportions of deficiencies/excesses of each nutrient would occur more in older age via a comparison with the dietary reference intakes for the Japanese population (DRIs_J). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a database of the 2-day nutrient intake of 361 Japanese people aged 65–90 years. The AGEVAR MODE was used to estimate usual intake. Percentile curves using estimated distribution by sex and age and usual nutrient intake were compared to those of the DRIs_J. The usual intake of protein (male and female) and potassium and calcium (female) were lower with older age. Within-individual variance of protein in female (p = 0.037) and calcium in male (p = 0.008) subjects were considerably lower with older age. The proportion of deficiencies in protein (male and female), potassium (female), and calcium (female) were higher with older age. However, the proportion of people with excess salt (converted from sodium; male and female) did not differ by age. The variances found herein could be important for enhancing the understanding of differences in dietary intake by age.

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