scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation, Physical Exercise and Oxidative Stress Markers: A Review of the Mechanisms and Effectiveness

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Ehsan Eghbali ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Energy

Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination by antioxidant mechanisms. ROS degrade biogenic substances such as deoxyribonucleic acid, lipids, and proteins, which in turn may lead to oxidative tissue damage. One of the physiological conditions currently associated with enhanced oxidative stress is exercise. Although a period of intense training may cause oxidative damage to muscle fibers, regular exercise helps increase the cells’ ability to reduce the ROS over-accumulation. Regular moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to increase antioxidant defense. Endogenous antioxidants cannot completely prevent oxidative damage under the physiological and pathological conditions (intense exercise and exercise at altitude). These conditions may disturb the endogenous antioxidant balance and increase oxidative stress. In this case, the use of antioxidant supplements such as creatine can have positive effects on the antioxidant system. Creatine is made up of two essential amino acids, arginine and methionine, and one non-essential amino acid, glycine. The exact action mechanism of creatine as an antioxidant is not known. However, it has been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the capability to eliminate ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It seems that the antioxidant effects of creatine may be due to various mechanisms such as its indirect (i.e., increased or normalized cell energy status) and direct (i.e., maintaining mitochondrial integrity) mechanisms. Creatine supplement consumption may have a synergistic effect with training, but the intensity and duration of training can play an important role in the antioxidant activity. In this study, the researchers attempted to review the literature on the effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise on oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise on Kidney Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic KK-AyMice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Ishikawa ◽  
Tomohito Gohda ◽  
Mitsuo Tanimoto ◽  
Keisuke Omote ◽  
Masako Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Exercise is recommended for the management of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) are still unknown. We hypothesized that appropriate exercise improves early DN via attenuation of inflammation and oxidative damage. Type 2 diabetic KK-Aymice, a spontaneous DN model, underwent two different kinds of exercise (i.e., moderate and low intensity). Sedentary mice or those undergoing an exercise regimen causing no significant body weight loss were used. We examined the urinary excretion of albumin, number of podocytes and macrophages, renal expressions of HIF-1αand MCP-1, and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as urinary 8-OHdG and serum SOD. Exercise reduced urinary levels of albumin and also maintained the number of podocytes in the exercised KK-Aymice independently of improvements of overweight and hyperglycemia, although moderate-intensity exercise increased expression of HIF-1α. Sedentary KK-Aymice showed increased expression of MCP-1 and infiltration of macrophage, increased urinary 8-OhdG, and decreased serum SOD levels compared with exercised KK-Aymice. On the whole, low-intensity exercise attenuates progression of early DN without affecting marked renal ischemia. Reduction rates of urinary albumin and maintained podocyte numbers, with parallel improvements in oxidative damage and inflammation, are related to beneficial effects of exercise in diabetic kidney disease.

Prolonged Low-moderate Intensity Exercise On Physiological Markers Of Metabolic And Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Dominique Gagnon ◽  
Sandra Dorman ◽  
Stephen Ritchie ◽  
Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt ◽  
Ville Stenbäck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Moderate Intensity of Physical Exercise increased Β (Beta) Cell and Size of Langerhans Islets in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sarah M Nurdin ◽  
Nuniek Nugraheni ◽  
Mei Wulan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The death of β cells Langerhans islets in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can cause  loss of Langerhans islet function and worsen the progression of DM. Physical exercise plays a major part in DM treatment.Aim: to observe the effect of moderate intensity exercise to β (beta) cell numbers and Langerhans islets area size in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) divided into 3, Group 1 as the control, Group 2 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction treatment, Group 3 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction and physical exercise, swimming, with moderate intensity 70% from the swimming maximal ability, 9% of body weight load, 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Datas collected were in the form of histopathology slide of pancreatic tissue after receiving treatment for 28 days.Results: There are significant differences of β-cell pancreas number between group K1 and K2 (p<0,001), group K2 and to K3 (p<0,001). No significant difference between group K1 and K3 (p=0,102). The Langerhans islets area sizes of pancreas tissue between group K1, K2, and K3 are significantly different (p<0,001).Conclusion: This study shows moderate-intensity physical exercise can increase the number of β cell and average area size of Langerhans islets. The effect of physical exercise depends on the intensity of exercise and the capacity of pancreatic function left of the diabetic.

Moderate Intensity of Physical Exercise increased Β (Beta) Cell and Size of Langerhans Islets in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sarah M Nurdin ◽  
Nuniek Nugraheni ◽  
Mei Wulan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The death of β cells Langerhans islets in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can cause  loss of Langerhans islet function and worsen the progression of DM. Physical exercise plays a major part in DM treatment.Aim: to observe the effect of moderate intensity exercise to β (beta) cell numbers and Langerhans islets area size in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) divided into 3, Group 1 as the control, Group 2 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction treatment, Group 3 received 35 mg/kg streptozotocin induction and physical exercise, swimming, with moderate intensity 70% from the swimming maximal ability, 9% of body weight load, 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Datas collected were in the form of histopathology slide of pancreatic tissue after receiving treatment for 28 days.Results: There are significant differences of β-cell pancreas number between group K1 and K2 (p<0,001), group K2 and to K3 (p<0,001). No significant difference between group K1 and K3 (p=0,102). The Langerhans islets area sizes of pancreas tissue between group K1, K2, and K3 are significantly different (p<0,001).Conclusion: This study shows moderate-intensity physical exercise can increase the number of β cell and average area size of Langerhans islets. The effect of physical exercise depends on the intensity of exercise and the capacity of pancreatic function left of the diabetic.

Moderate Intensity Exercise Decreases Oxidative Stress in Metallothionein Deficient Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Scott R. Collier ◽  
Keith DeRuisseau ◽  
Vincent Frechette ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
W Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals KADAR KALIUM SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Agung Brihaspati Raj ◽  
Youla A. Assa ◽  
Murniati Tiho
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Excessive body heat while doing physical exercise will be excreted by sweating. Potassium is one of the electrolyte compounds incorporated and washed away together with sweat. In turn, the excessive lost of potassium in sweat can decrease the concentration of extracellular potassium level. Physical exercise can also lead to an increase in serum potassium concentration. The present study was aimed to determine the differences of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Thirty students (27 men and 3 women) were involved in the present pre-experimental study designed with pretest-posttest. Samples were colected using purposive sampling method and analyzed further using wilcoxon test. Data was collected by determine the serum potassium levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise. Exercise is done in the form of fast walking on a treadmill to maintain heart rate target 64-76 % of maximum heart rate (200 - age) for 30 minutes. The result showed that the average of serum potassium levels before moderate intensity exercise was 4,253±0,3683 mEq/L, and the average of serum potassium levels after moderate intensity exercise was 4,363±0,3908 mEq/L. Wilcoxon test significance values ​​in this study were p=0.110  (p>0,05). It can be concluded that there was no difference of potassium level before and after physical exercise at moderate intensity at students year 2010 Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University. Keywords: Potassium, Exercise, Moderate intensity.   Abstrak: Kelebihan panas tubuh saat melakukan latihan fisik akan dikeluarkan melalui keringat. Kalium merupakan salah satu elektolit yang terkandung dan dapat keluar bersama keringat. Kehilangan kalium yang berlebihan melalui keringat saat melakukan latihan fisik dapat menyebabkan penurunan konsentrasi kalium di dalam serum. Latihan fisik juga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran angkatan 2010 Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design, dengan jumlah responden 30 mahasiswa (27 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan). Sampel dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Data dikumpulkan dengan menentukan kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang. Latihan fisik yang dilakukan berupa berjalan cepat di atas treadmill dengan mempertahankan target heart rate 64-76% dari heart rate maksimal (200-umur) selama 30 menit. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar kalium serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang ialah 4,253±0,3683 mEq/L, dan rata-rata kadar kalium serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang ialah 4,363±0,3908 mEq/L. Nilai signifikansi uji Wilcoxon pada penelitian ini ialah p=0,110 (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kadar kalium serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa angkatan 2010 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Kata kunci: Kalium, Latihan fisik, Intensitas sedang.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking does not Induce Plasma or Pulmonary Oxidative Stress after Moderate-intensity Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Taito ◽  
Sayaka Domen ◽  
Kiyokazu Sekikawa ◽  
Norimichi Kamikawa ◽  
Keisuke Oura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Induce Plasma

scholarly journals Effects of combined endurance and resistance training in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A pilot, randomized, controlled study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Merico ◽  
Marianna Cavinato ◽  
Caterina Gregorio ◽  
Alessandra Lacatena ◽  
Elisabetta Gioia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Als Patients

Based on available evidence, muscle strengthening and cardiovascular exercises can help maintain function and not adversely affect the progression of disease in patients with ALS. However, this evidence is not sufficiently detailed to recommend a specific exercise prescription. The purpose of this project was to assess clinical outcomes of a combined exercise programme to increase knowledge of rehabilitation in ALS patients. 38 ALS patients were assigned randomly to two groups: one group underwent a specific exercise programme (ALS-EP) based on a moderate aerobic workout and isometric contractions, and the second group followed a standard neuromotor rehabilitation treatment. Objective evaluation consisted of cardiovascular measures, muscle strength and fatigue. Some positive effects of physical activity on ALS patients were found. Among the benefits, an overall improvement of functional independence in all patients, independently of the type of exercise conducted was seen. In addition, improvements in muscle power, oxygen consumption and fatigue were specifically observed in the ALS-EP group, all hallmarks of a training effect for the specific exercises. In conclusion, moderate intensity exercise is beneficial in ALS, helping in avoiding deconditioning and muscle atrophy resulting from progressive inactivity.

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