scholarly journals Illuminating the Role of Vitamin A in Skin Innate Immunity and the Skin Microbiome: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Fritzlaine C. Roche ◽  
Tamia A. Harris-Tryon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Immunity ◽  
Impaired Immune Response ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in skin immunity. Deficiencies in Vitamin A have been linked to impaired immune response and increased susceptibility to skin infections and inflammatory skin disease. This narrative review summarizes recent primary evidence that elucidates the role of vitamin A and its derivatives on innate immune regulators through mechanisms that promote skin immunity and sustain the skin microbiome.

scholarly journals B-1a B Cells that Link the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Are Lacking in the Absence of the Spleen

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedda Wardemann ◽  
Thomas Boehm ◽  
Neil Dear ◽  
Rita Carsetti
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Splenectomized individuals are prone to overwhelming infections with encapsulated bacteria and splenectomy of mice increases susceptibility to streptococcal infections, yet the exact mechanism by which the spleen protects against such infections is unknown. Using congenitally asplenic mice as a model, we show that the spleen is essential for the generation of B-1a cells, a B cell population that cooperates with the innate immune system to control early bacterial and viral growth. Splenectomy of wild-type mice further demonstrated that the spleen is also important for the survival of B-1a cells. Transfer experiments demonstrate that lack of these cells, as opposed to the absence of the spleen per se, is associated with an inability to mount a rapid immune response against streptococcal polysaccharides. Thus, absence of the spleen and the associated increased susceptibility to streptococcal infections is correlated with lack of B-1a B cells. These findings reveal a hitherto unknown role of the spleen in generating and maintaining the B-1a B cell pool.

scholarly journals The Role of CARD9 Deficiency in Neutrophils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruanmei Sheng ◽  
Xiaoming Zhong ◽  
Zhiwen Yang ◽  
Xuemin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Defense ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Neutrophils play a critical role in innate immune defense and directly contribute to infectious and autoimmune ailments. Great efforts are underway to better understand the nature of neutrophilic inflammation. Of note, CARD9, a myeloid cell-specific signaling protein that mainly expresses in macrophages and dendritic cells, is also present in neutrophils, emerging as a critical mediator for intercellular communication. CARD9–deficiency neutrophils display an increased susceptibility to fungal infection that primarily localize to the central nervous system, subcutaneous, and skin tissue. Additionally, CARD9–deficiency neutrophils are associated with some autoimmune diseases and even provide protection against a few bacteria. Here, the review summarizes recent preclinical and clinical advances that have provided a novel insight into the pathogenesis of CARD9 deficiency in neutrophils.

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients in the Infection and Subsequent Response to Hepatitis C Virus

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
Scott A. Read ◽  
Nicholas A. Shackel ◽  
Lionel Hebbard ◽  
Jacob George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Potent Immune Response

Micronutrient deficiencies develop for a variety of reasons, whether geographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, or as a result of disease pathologies such as chronic viral infection. As micronutrients are essential for a strong immune response, deficiencies can significantly dampen both the innate and the adaptive arms of antiviral immunity. The innate immune response in particular is crucial to protect against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepatotropic virus that maintains chronic infection in up to 80% of individuals if left untreated. While many micronutrients are required for HCV replication, an overlapping group of micronutrients are also necessary to enact a potent immune response. As the liver is responsible for the storage and metabolism of many micronutrients, HCV persistence can influence the micronutrients’ steady state to benefit viral persistence both directly and by weakening the antiviral response. This review will focus on common micronutrients such as zinc, iron, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. We will explore their role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection and in the response to antiviral therapy. While chronic hepatitis C virus infection drives deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, vitamin A and B12, it also stimulates copper and iron excess; these micronutrients influence antioxidant, inflammatory and immune responses to HCV.

scholarly journals Microbiome and acne vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Ma ◽  
Nikolay G. Kochergin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
The Relationship

Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease involving sebaceous follicle. Although the pathogensis of acne remains uncertain, skin microbes are considered to plays an essential role in acne vulgaris. Cutibacterium acnes is the most important microbe in acne pathogenesis and its several processes: colonization, over-proliferation and inflammation have long been thought to contribute to the disease. Moreover, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia also synergistically collaborate with Cutibacterium acnes. Besides, given the growing number of patients who are treatment resistant, assessments are needed on phenotypic changes in the skin microbiome with retinoids and antibacterial therapy. Further research on the role of microbes in the pathogenesis of acne and the relationship between pathogenic microbes is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical treatment of acne.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Role of Innate Immune Sensors, TLRs, and NALP3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Takakubo ◽  
G. Barreto ◽  
Yrjo T. Konttinen ◽  
H. Oki ◽  
Michiaki Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Innate Immune

ROLE OF RETINOL AND TOCOPHEROL IN COMBATING SMOG CAUSED ILLNESS AMONG YOUNG WOMAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisma Laeeque
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Good Health Condition

Retinol and Tocopherol are commonly known as fat soluble Vitamin A and D. This research was undertaken with the objective to study Vitamin A and D’s effect in combating smog caused illness among females. This case report highlights diseases caused among young woman of Lahore due to smog. Hypothesis formulated for this study was accepted after testing that intake of daily-recommended amount of Vitamin A and D by females helps them in fighting diseases caused by smog. An intervention based on Food and Nutrition Board’s Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) was planned. After the analysis of data by SPSS and excel, it was indicated that women could fight smog caused diseases better by including Vitamin A and D in their daily diet. It was also found that a strong positive correlation existed between good health condition among females and intake of Vitamin A and D.

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