scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differences in Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin He ◽  
Yiwei Qian ◽  
Shaoqing Xu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Chengjun Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have overlapping symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced exclusively by gut microbiota and were reduced in feces of MSA patients. However, plasma SCFA concentrations in MSA patients have not been investigated. Objective: We aimed to investigate the plasma SCFAs in MSA patients and to identify the potential differential diagnostic ability. Methods: Plasma SCFA were measured in 25 MSA patients, 46 healthy controls, and 46 PD patients using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were evaluated. Results: Acetic acid concentration was lower in MSA patients than in healthy controls. Acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations were lower in MSA and MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) patients than in PD patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed reduced acetic acid concentration discriminated MSA patients from healthy controls with 76% specificity but only 57% sensitivity and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.81). Combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations discriminated MSA patients from PD patients with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.93), 84% specificity and 76% sensitivity. Especially, with combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, MSA-P patients were separated from PD patients with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80–0.97), 91% specificity and 80% sensitivity. Conclusion: Plasma SCFAs were decreased in MSA patients. The combined acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations may be a potential biomarker for differentiating MSA patients from PD patients.

scholarly journals Dietary and anthropometric factors affecting the potential of gut microbiota to utilize dietary fiber and produce short-chain fatty acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Malinowska ◽  
Marcin Schmidt ◽  
Malgorzata Majcher ◽  
Hanna Przydatek ◽  
Marta Szaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractSome species of gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from dietary fiber—mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The composition of human gut microbiota is dependent on dietary intake and health status. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet and anthropometric parameters on the potential of gut microbiota to metabolize dietary fiber and produce SCFA.A group of 200 men and women aged 31 to 50 years old participated in the study. The diet was assessed using three-day dietary records and the dietary pattern was determined using score methods. The potential to utilize water-insoluble fiber was assessed by measuring the β-glucosidase enzymatic activity of dissolved feces. To estimate the potential to metabolize water-soluble dietary fiber, cultures containing feces and pectin were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 24 hours. The amounts of fiber, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid before and after incubation were measured.Pectin utilization correlated positively with the amount of energy intake from fat (r = 0.19) and with the intake of nuts and seeds (r = 0.17) and was negatively correlated with the amount of energy from complex carbohydrates (r = -0.16) and its sources, such as refined grain products (r = -0.15). The dietary pattern did not affect the potential of the gut microbiota to metabolize pectin, but did influence the potential to digest insoluble dietary fiber, as the subjects following the western dietary pattern had lower potential than those following the rational pattern. β-glucosidase activity correlated positively with the intake of dietary fiber (r = 0.19) and intake of its sources, such as fruits (r = 0.18), vegetables (r = 0.21), and nuts and seeds (r = 0.18); it correlated negatively with nonalcoholic beverage intake (r = -0.15) and sugar and honey intake (r = -0.16). The potential to synthesize acetic acid correlated negatively with dietary indices and dietary fiber intake (r = -0.18). The potential to synthesize propionic acid correlated negatively with hip and waist circumference (r = -0.14, -0.15, respectively). The potentials to synthesize both propionic and butyric acid were affected by the intake of nuts and seeds (r = 0.18, 0.21, respectively).Diet affects the potential of gut microbiota to utilize dietary fiber and to produce SCFAs. The impact of anthropometry parameters was only seen on the potential to synthesize propionic acid.

The voluntary intake of acetate by dairy cows given ammonium salts of short-chain fatty acids in their drinking water

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jackson ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A solution of ammonium salts of a mixture of short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetic acid) was added to the sole source of drinking water of 10 lactating Jersey cows. There was considerable variation in the concentration of salts tolerated without depression in water intake. Some animals refused solution offered at a concentration of 0·5% (w/w) whereas one animal accepted solution at a concentration of 8% (w/w) and had a mean daily intake of salts equivalent to 836 g acetic acid.2. Adjustment of the pH of the drinking solution to 6·5–7·5 increased the tolerance to the salts solution of animals which showed a low tolerance to the unadjusted solution. A mean daily intake equivalent to 480 g acetic acid was achieved without a significant depression of water intake. Replacement of 50 % of the ammonium ions by calcium increased the intake of salts by some cows but two out of eight refused the solution at a concentration of 0·5% (w/w).3. The addition of saccharine, vanilla or aniseed to a solution of the ammonium salts gave little or no improvement in acetate intake but sodium cyclamate, ethyl acetate or molasses reduced the variability between animals in their tolerance to the solution and increased the mean intake of salts. With an addition of molasses, which gave the most marked response, there was a mean daily intake of salts equivalent to 495±26 g acetic acid.

scholarly journals Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gancarcikova ◽  
V. Buleca ◽  
R. Zitnan ◽  
R. Nemcova ◽  
L. Scirankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Gnotobiotic Piglets ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The present study examined the impact of <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> on morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets during milk nutrition and weaning. The experiment was carried out on (18) gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets were non-colostral and the feeding ration consisted of autoclaved milk substitute (Sanolac Ferkel, Germany). From the first day of life a probiotic strain of <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> was administered continually at a dose of 2 ml of inoculum (1 ml contained 1 × 1<sup>4</sup> CFU). The animals were weaned on Day 28. Gastrointestinal tract was collected from 18 gnotobiotic piglets slaughtered at three hours after birth and at the age of 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. The level of short-chain fatty acids was determined in the contents of jejunum, ileum and colon. Samples of intestinal mucosa (from duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were subjected to morphological analysis. We characterized regional variations in morphological and functional responses of the small intestine. The jejunal part of the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets was characterized by relatively short crypts, extremely long villi and narrow <I>lamina propria</I> which contained only few cells up to Day 14 of life. Morphological examination showed that jejunal and ileal villi were significantly lower at 21 days of age (<I>P</I> < 0.05 and <I>P</I> < 0.001, resp.). Depending on age, the concentration of both acetoacetic acid and acetic acid was higher in the jejunal contents. The difference was significant on Day 7 of age (<I>P</I> < 0.05) for acetoacetic acid and on Day 28 of age (<I>P</I> < 0.01) for acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the colonal content of gnotobiotic piglets was significantly higher on Day 7 (<I>P</I> < 0.05) and 21 of age (<I>P</I>P < 0.01). The study demonstrated that the respective bacterial species affected differently the intestinal morphology and concentration of short-chain fatty acids and suggested that postnatal bacterial colonization patterns may have long-term effects on intestinal health and development.

scholarly journals Age, Dietary Fiber, Breath Methane, and Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids Are Interrelated in Archaea-Positive Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judlyn Fernandes ◽  
Angela Wang ◽  
Wen Su ◽  
Sari Rahat Rozenbloom ◽  
Amel Taibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Breath Methane ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the SCFA Headspace Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Metabolites in Media with and without Polyols

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Habibi Goudarzi ◽  
Bill Kabat ◽  
Mark L. Cannon ◽  
Maggie Gashkoff ◽  
Rachel Zurek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

This pilot study of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 grown in media with and without polyols (erythritol) measured the resultant metabolites, including the short chain fatty acids by using head space analysis. Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI2 or BHI10) supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing no polyols or either erythritol or xylitol and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) was grown aerobically. After 48 hours of growth the supernatant were harvested and centrifuged to pellet bacteria. Supernatants were removed from bacterial pellets then submitted for Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) analysis with an Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA 95051) system configured from three components, a 5973 mass selective detector, a 6890N gas chromatographer, and a 7697A headspace sampler. Streptococcus mutans growing in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI2 or BHI10) supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose but containing no polyols produced the following short chain fatty acids: methyl isovalerate, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, ethyl butaric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, hexanoic acid. When the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI2 or BHI10) supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing erythritol was used as media for this Streptococcus mutans strain, the following were produced: ethanol, acetoin, and acetic acid. Our results would suggest that constituents of the media may affect the bacterial metabolite production.

scholarly journals Pilot study of the SCFA Headspace Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Metabolites in Media with and without Polyols

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Goudarzi S Habibi ◽  
B Kabat ◽  
M Cannon ◽  
M Gashkoff ◽  
R Zurek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mass Selective Detector ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

This pilot study of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 grown in media with and without polyols (erythritol) measured the resultant metabolites, including the Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) by using head space analysis. Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI2 or BHI10) supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing no polyols or either erythritol or xylitol and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) was grown aerobically. After 48 hours of growth the supernatant were harvested and centrifuged to pellet bacteria. Supernatants were removed from bacterial pellets then submitted for SCFA analysis with an Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA 95051) system configured from three components, a 5973-mass selective detector, a 6890N gas chromatographer, and a 7697A headspace sampler. Streptococcus mutans growing in BHI supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose but containing no polyols produced the following short chain fatty acids: methyl isovalerate, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, ethyl butaric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, hexanoic acid. When the BHI broth supplemented with 2% or 10% sucrose containing erythritol was used as media for this Streptococcus mutans strain, the following were produced: ethanol, acetoin, and acetic acid. Our results would indicate that constituents of the bacteria media may affect the bacterial metabolite production.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber-Induced Microbial Short Chain Fatty Acids Suppress ILC2-Dependent Airway Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Lewis ◽  
Bowen Wang ◽  
Pedram Shafiei Jahani ◽  
Benjamin P. Hurrell ◽  
Homayon Banie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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