scholarly journals Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

scholarly journals The effect of a web-based psychoeducation on emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Czepczor-Bernat ◽  
Anna Brytek-Matera ◽  
Anna Staniszewska
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to investigate the effectiveness of web-based psychoeducation for emotional functioning, eating behaviors, and body image among premenopausal women with excess body weight, and (2) to compare the efficacy of two types of web-based psychoeducation. Three hundred individuals were asked to volunteer in the present study. All participants were recruited in Poland from September 2017 to July 2019. Finally, a total of 129 premenopausal women took part in the research and signed informed consent. Their ages ranged between 18 and 48 years old (M = 32.28, SD = 7.65). Self-reported weight and height were recorded. BMI was calculated using self-reported data. Their average body mass index was 30.54 kg/m2 (SD = 3.69). In our randomized experiment, the participants were allocated into three groups: experimental group I (EG I, N = 43), experimental group II (EG II, N = 46), and wait list control group (CG, N = 40). Five questionnaires were included in the online survey at the baseline measurement (Day 0), at the end of psychoeducational intervention (Day 16) and 75 days from the start of the 15-day intervention (Day 76). Measurement tools included the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Mindful Eating Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Body Attitude Test. Our eHealth web-based psychoeducation consisted of three modules: emotional functioning module (EG I: theoretically consistent approach (TCA) vs EG II: eclectic approach; EA), eating behaviors module (EG I, EG II: based on mindfulness-based eating training; MET), body image module (EG I, EG II: based on Cash’s prevention of body image disturbances; CPBID). The first experimental group (EG I) had intervention containing TCA, MET, and CPBID, while the second experimental group (EG II) EA, MET, and CPBID. According to between-group comparison, both types of web-based psychoeducation led to an increase in adaptive emotion regulation (Day 16: EG I vs CG: p < 0.001, EG II vs CG: p < 0.001; Day 76: EG I vs CG: p < 0.01, EG II vs CG: p < 0.001). In EG I, the intervention resulted in a higher reduction (than in CG) in emotional eating (Day 16: p < 0.01, Day 76: p < 0.01), uncontrolled eating (Day 16: p < 0.05, Day 76: p < 0.05), and negative appreciation of body size (Day 16: p < 0.01, Day 76: p < 0.01). In EG II, a lower level of emotional eating was found on Day 76 (EG II vs CG: p < 0.05). Two months after completion of the 15-day intervention, no statistically significant reduction for BMI was observed in either experimental group (p > 0.05). The effectiveness of both types of web-based psychoeducation was also confirmed in within-group comparison (Day 0 vs Day 16 and Day 0 vs Day 76). There was a significant increase in emotion regulation and mindful eating, as well as a decrease in emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, negative appreciation of body size, lack of familiarity with one’s body, and the experiencing of negative emotions in both experimental groups (EG I, EG II). Both types of web-based psychoeducation might have to be considered in creating future web-based psychoeducation among premenopausal women with excess body weight.

scholarly journals Exercise During the First Trimester and Infant Size at Birth: Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Causal Risk Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha F Ehrlich ◽  
Romain S Neugebauer ◽  
Juanran Feng ◽  
Monique M Hedderson ◽  
Assiamira Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Targeted Maximum Likelihood

Abstract This cohort study sought to estimate the differences in risk of delivering infants who were small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA, respectively) according to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy (vs. no exercise) among 2,286 women receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2013–2017. Exercise was assessed by questionnaire. SGA and LGA were determined by the sex- and gestational-age-specific birthweight distributions of the 2017 US Natality file. Risk differences were estimated by targeted maximum likelihood estimation, with and without data-adaptive prediction (machine learning). Analyses were also stratified by prepregnancy weight status. Overall, exercise at the cohort-specific 75th percentile was associated with an increased risk of SGA of 4.5 (95% CI: 2.1, 6.8) per 100 births, and decreased risk of LGA of 2.8 (95% CI: 0.5, 5.1) per 100 births; similar findings were observed among the underweight and normal-weight women, but no associations were found among those with overweight or obesity. Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with increased risk of SGA and decreased risk of LGA but only among underweight and normal-weight women. Any vigorous exercise reduced the risk of LGA in underweight and normal-weight women only and was not associated with SGA risk.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS AND PERCEIVED BODY IMAGE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF POLISH FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kaczmarek ◽  
Sylwia Trambacz-Oleszak
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body Image ◽  
Self Discrepancy

SummaryThe increasing prevalence of negative body perceptions among adolescent girls and the tendency towards wishing to be thinner have become a cultural norm in Western culture. Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to developing a negative body image due to physical and sexual changes occurring during puberty. This study aimed to evaluate the association between different measures of body image perceptions and different phases of the menstrual cycle after controlling for weight status and other potential confounders in Polish adolescent girls aged 12–18 years. Three-hundred and thirty participants of a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009, normally cycling and with no eating disorders, completed a background questionnaire and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, and their anthropometric measurements were collected. The dependent outcome variables were measures of body image (actual body image, ideal body image and ideal-self discrepancy) and dichotomous body image perception (satisfied versus dissatisfied) adjusted for other predictor factors: socio-demographic variables, menstrual history and cycle phases, and weight status. One-way ANOVA indicated that weight status, age at menarche and menstrual cycle phase were associated with actual body image and rate of ideal-self discrepancy. Ideal body image was associated with weight status and menstrual cycle phase. General logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of body dissatisfaction and all potential predictor variables. The final selected model of the multiple logistic regression analysis using the backward elimination procedure revealed that adjusted for other factors, negative body image was significantly associated with different phases of the menstrual cycle (ptrend=0.033) and increasing body weight status (ptrend=0.0007). The likelihood of body dissatisfaction was greatest during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle (OR=2.38; 95% CI 1.06, 5.32) and among girls in obesity class I (OR=8.04; 95% CI 2.37, 27.26). The study confirmed the association between body image dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and different phases of the menstrual cycle after controlling for weight status. The issue of negative body self-image is not only of cognitive, but also of practical value as understanding better the factors contributing to the formation of a negative body image may be instrumental in developing preventive health programmes targeted at young people.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Links Between Sweetened Beverage Intake and Obesity (OR31-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Qiang Lai ◽  
Reiko Ichikawa ◽  
Bingjie Zhou ◽  
Laurence Parnell ◽  
Sabrina Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Sweetened beverage (SB) consumption is highly associated with obesity, but the mechanism underlying this correlation is not understood. Our objective was to examine metabolomic links between SB intake and obesity to understand metabolic mechanisms. Methods We examined the association of plasma metabolomic profiles with SB intake and obesity risk in 782 participants, aged 45–75y, in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) using linear regression models, controlling for potential confounding factors. Based on identified metabolites, we conducted pathway enrichment analysis to identify potential metabolic pathways that link SB intake and obesity risk. Genetic variants in identified metabolic pathways were examined for their interaction with SB intake on metabolites of interest and obesity. Interactions between SB and genotypes on obesity were evaluated for replication in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Results In BPRHS, SB intake was highly correlated with BMI (β = 0.455, P < 0.05). Among 526 measurable metabolites, 109 metabolites showed significant correlation with SB intake and 170 metabolites with BMI (P < 0.05); and 43 were correlated with both SB intake and BMI. Pathway enrichment analysis identified two metabolic pathways: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophospholipid pathways linking SB intake and obesity, after correction for multiple testing. Focusing on the PE pathway, we identified 12 SNPs in nine genes that were significantly associated with BMI. At least four genetic variants showed suggestive interaction with SB intake on obesity risk and obesity-associated metabolites. In particular, CC carriers of rs4646360 in the PEMT (Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) gene had increased risk of obesity when consuming SB. We replicated this finding in the FHS study. Conclusions We identified two key metabolic pathways linking SB intake to obesity, revealing potential mechanisms by which SB intake increases the risk of obesity. The interaction between genetic variants in the identified pathway and SB intake on obesity and obesity-associated metabolites further supports the mechanism. Funding Sources This work was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 8050-51,000-098-00D, and NIH grants P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, and R01 AG027087.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive restructuring and self-compassion strategies on negative body image among women with higher body weight: an experimental investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Alysha David
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Impact

Individuals with higher body weight are at a greater risk of having negative body image (Friedman & Brownell, 1995). Yet current body image interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), are largely tested with individuals with normal weight or individuals with eating disorders. Furthermore, cognitive restructuring, one of the key components of CBT for body image (Alleva et al., 2015), relies on the assumption that negative cognitions or appraisals regarding the body are unbalanced or distorted in some way. However, people with higher body weight are 50% more likely to experience major discrimination based on their weight status and thus may possess some “evidence” from lived experience of weight bias that would lend support to their negative body-related thoughts (Puhl & Brownell, 2001; 2006). The use of compassion-focused approaches might be particularly helpful in overcoming these obstacles. Self-compassion refers to the capacity for mindfully reflecting on one’s own perceived flaws, mistakes, or wrongdoings with kindness and with an appreciation for the inherent imperfection in everyone (Neff, 2013). The present study tested the impact of various thinking strategies for managing negative body image in women with higher body weight after getting on the scale, a commonly distressing body image trigger (Ogden & Evans, 1996). Participants (N = 79) were recruited from the community and screened for moderate body dissatisfaction. They were randomly assigned to receive a single training session in cognitive restructuring (CR), self-compassion (SC), or distraction (Control) strategies after being weighed. Participants in all three of the groups reported improvements in body dissatisfaction and negative affect immediately following the training. Relative to those in the Control group, those participants who received training in CR or SC strategies reported greater improvements in body image, body image flexibility, self-compassion, and cognitive distortions one week after the training. These findings suggest that CR and SC strategies may be helpful in improving the distress associated with being weighed among women with higher body weight. The results may have broader implications for the development of psychosocial interventions focused on improving body image among these individuals.

Predictors of Self-Objectification in New Female Fitness Center Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Prichard ◽  
Marika Tiggemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Reasons For Exercise ◽  
Self Objectification

This study aimed to identify predictors of self-objectification among exercising women. A brief questionnaire incorporating demographic questions and measures of self-objectification was completed by 133 new female fitness center members (aged 16 to 68 years) upon joining a fitness center and 12 months later. Results demonstrated that young women who remained fitness center members had greater self-objectification at 12 months than women who ceased their memberships. Furthermore, both initial age and reasons for exercise predicted subsequent increases in self-objectification. Specifically, being younger, as well as being more motivated by appearance-related reasons to exercise, predicted self-objectification at 12 months. These findings suggest that young women exercising within the fitness center environment may be at an increased risk of developing self-objectification, one of the predictors of negative body image and disordered eating.

scholarly journals Association between distorted body image and changes in weight status among normal weight preadolescents in Japan: a population-based cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Hinako Nanri ◽  
Rimei Nishimura ◽  
Keiichiro Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Distorted Body Image

scholarly journals Hubungan Body Dissatisfaction dan Perilaku Diet pada Mahasiswa Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

PRAXIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Meiliana Meiliana ◽  
Vionna Valentina ◽  
Christiana Retnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Behavior Scale

Body dissatisfaction reflects negative body image which may promote behavior changes in order to improve appearance. This study investigates the association between body dissatisfaction and dietary behavior of young adults. College students (n=379) completed a survey on body dissatisfaction and dietary behavior in a cross-sectional research design and convenience non-probability sampling method. Information about nutritional status, reasons of dieting, dieting methods, dietary behavior scale, and body dissatisfaction scale were collected. Most respondents had normal weight status, poor dietary behavior, and body dissatisfaction. Obtaining attractive body shape was the most voted reason of dieting, while cutting eating frequency was the most frequent dieting method. There was a weak and contradicting (r=-0.095) association between body dissatisfaction and dietary behavior which meant that body dissatisfaction was followed by poor dietary behavior

scholarly journals A Population-Based Study on Agreement between Actual and Perceived Body Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Sajjan Iqbal Memon ◽  
Rabiqa Rabiqa ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Ramzana Perveen, ◽  
Noor Ejaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
General Population ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity tends to appear in modern societies and constitutes a significant public health problem with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study aims to determine the agreement between actual and perceived body image in the general population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted with a sample size of 300. The data were collected from eight major populated areas of Northern district of Karachi Sindh with a period of six months (10th January 2020 to 21st June 2020). The Figure rating questionnaire scale (FRS) was applied to collect the demographic data and perception about body weight. Body mass index (BMI) used for assessing the actual body weight status. Cohen's Kappa statistics were performed. Results: Out of 300 participants, n=143 were males, and n=157 were females. In reality, according to BMI, 6 % were underweight, 47 % were average, 28 % were overweight, and 19 % were obese. According to perception, 8% of participants were underweight, 39 % were average, about 45% were overweight, and 8 % were obese. The mean score of real BMI was 25. 51±5.62 and figure rating score was 4.81±1.75. r value showed a strong positive relationship between both variables with a a P-value of <0.001. Cohen's Kappa score was 0.362. The rate of agreement between actual and perceived body weight status in the general population was 53.88%, and the disagreement rate was 46.12% Conclusion: There was a weak agreement in the perception and realities of the self-image of people have the wrong impression about their body image.

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