scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Biswas ◽  
Cinzia Dellanoce ◽  
Alessandra Vezzoli ◽  
Simona Mrakic-Sposta ◽  
Mauro Malnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

The effects of two different dietary supplements on the redox status of healthy human participants were evaluated. The first supplement (GluS, Glutathione Synthesis) contains the precursors for the endogenous synthesis of glutathione and the second (GluReS, Glutathione and Resveratrol Synthesis) contains in addition polydatin, a precursor of resveratrol. To assess the influence of GluS and GluReS on the redox status, ten thiol species and three vitamins were measured before (t0) and after 8 weeks (t1) of dietary supplementation. An inflammatory marker, neopterin, was also assessed at the same time points. Both supplements were highly effective in improving the redox status by significantly increasing the reduced-glutathione (GSH) content and other reduced thiol species while significantly decreasing the oxidized species. The positive outcome of the redox status was most significant in the GluRes treatment group which also experienced a significant reduction in neopterin levels. Of note, the endogenous levels of vitamins C, E and A were significantly increased in both treatment groups, with best results in the GluReS group. While both dietary supplements significantly contributed to recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory outcomes, the effects of GluReS, the combination of glutathione and resveratrol precursors, were more pronounced. Thus, dietary supplementation with GluReS may represent a valuable strategy for maintaining a competent immune status and a healthy lifespan.

scholarly journals Sex-related differences in response to masseteric injections of glutamate and nerve growth factor in healthy human participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman M. Alhilou ◽  
Akiko Shimada ◽  
Camilla I. Svensson ◽  
Peter Svensson ◽  
Malin Ernberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractThe neurophysiological mechanisms underlying NGF-induced masseter muscle sensitization and sex-related differences in its effect are not well understood in humans. Therefore, this longitudinal cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of NGF injection on the density and expression of substance P, NMDA-receptors and NGF by the nerve fibers in the human masseter muscle, to correlate expression with pain characteristics, and to determine any possible sex-related differences in these effects of NGF. The magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and pain during oral function was significantly greater in women than in men (P < 0.050). Significant positive correlations were found between nerve fiber expression of NMDA-receptors and peak pain intensity (rs = 0.620, P = 0.048), and expression of NMDA-receptors by putative nociceptors and change in temporal summation pain after glutamate injection (rs = 0.561, P = 0.003). In women, there was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization and the change in nerve fiber expression of NMDA-receptors alone (rs = − 0.659, P = 0.013), and in combination with NGF (rs = − 0.764, P = 0.001). In conclusion, women displayed a greater magnitude of NGF-induced mechanical sensitization that also was associated with nerve fibers expression of NMDA-receptors, when compared to men. The present findings suggest that, in women, increased peripheral NMDA-receptor expression could be associated with masseter muscle pain sensitivity.

Decoupling countermands nonselective response inhibition during selective stopping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey George Wadsley ◽  
John Cirillo ◽  
Arne Nieuwenhuys ◽  
Winston D Byblow
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Response Delay ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Effector Response

Response inhibition is essential for goal-directed behavior within dynamic environments. Selective stopping is a complex form of response inhibition where only part of a multi-effector response must be cancelled. A substantial response delay emerges on unstopped effectors when a cued effector is successfully stopped. This stopping-interference effect is indicative of nonselective response inhibition during selective stopping which may, in-part, be a consequence of functional coupling. The present study examined selective stopping of (de)coupled bimanual responses in healthy human participants of either sex. Participants performed synchronous and asynchronous versions of an anticipatory stop-signal paradigm across two sessions while mu (µ) and beta (β) rhythm were measured with electroencephalography. Results showed that responses were behaviorally decoupled during asynchronous go trials and the extent of response asynchrony was associated with lateralized sensorimotor µ and β desynchronization during response preparation. Selective stopping produced a stopping-interference effect and was marked by a nonselective increase and subsequent rebound in prefrontal and sensorimotor β. In support of the coupling account, stopping-interference was smaller during selective stopping of asynchronous responses, and negatively associated with the magnitude of decoupling. However, the increase in sensorimotor β during selective stopping was equivalent between the stopped and unstopped hand irrespective of response synchrony. Overall, the findings demonstrate that decoupling facilitates selective stopping after a global pause process and emphasizes the importance of considering the influence of both the go and stop context when investigating response inhibition.

Absence of systematic relationships between REMS duration episodes and spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in contiguous NREMS episodes in healthy humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Le Bon ◽  
P. Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Human Participants

Previous studies in animals and humans have reported correlations between the durations of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes and immediately preceding or subsequent non-REMS (NREMS) episodes. The relationship between these two types of sleep is a crucial component in understanding the regulation and neurophysiology of ultradian alternations that occur during sleep. Although the present study replicated previous studies, we also measured NREMS in terms of spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in addition to duration in examining correlations. The spectral power Delta band, also known as slow-wave activity, measures sleep quantity and is believed to reflect sleep physiology better than mere episode durations. The Ultra-Slow spectral power band was analyzed in parallel. Healthy human participants of both sexes ( n = 26, age range 15–45 yr, n = 12 female) were carefully selected to participate in two consecutive series of home polysomnograms performed after 2 nights of habituation to the equipment. In the analyses, REMS episode durations (minutes) were compared with immediately preceding and immediately subsequent NREMS episodes (Delta and Ultra-Slow power) in each sleep cycle. REMS episode duration was more strongly correlated with preceding NREMS episodes than with subsequent NREMS episodes. However, in most cases, no correlations were observed in either direction. One ultradian sleep regulation hypothesis, which is based on stronger correlations between REMS and subsequent NREMS episode durations, holds that the main purpose of REMS is to reactivate NREMS during each sleep cycle. The present results do not support that hypothesis.

scholarly journals Statement of the Committee of Human Nutrition Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences on the use of dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals by adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wawrzyniak ◽  
Katarzyna Przybyłowicz ◽  
Lidia Wądołowska ◽  
Jadwiga Charzewska ◽  
Danuta Górecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Usual Diet

The use of dietary supplements (supplementation) is the individual enrichment of the diet with ingredients naturally occurring in food. As a rule, dietary supplements should be used periodically. In nutritional practice, there are many indications for dietary supplementation, but the decision to take dietary supplements should be made by consumers wisely and only in justified situations, when there is a risk that the usual diet does not provide vitamins and minerals in an amount adequate to meet dietary recommendations. However, we should remember about the real dangers of taking too large doses of vitamins and minerals. Many people using dietary supplements, especially several types at the same time, may experience undesirable side effects and deterioration of health, and in addition, people taking medicines may seriously disrupt or weaken the effect of the drug, or even lack the therapeutic effect of the drug. The document presents 10 steps and rules for the use of dietary supplements available on the market, which are addressed to the general population.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Different Postbiotics Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota Composition, Immune Status, and Growth Gene Expression in Broilers under Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humam ◽  
Loh ◽  
Foo ◽  
Samsudin ◽  
Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Treatment Groups

The effects of feeding different postbiotics on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, immune status, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in broilers under heat stress were assessed in this study. A total of 252 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned in cages in identical environmentally controlled chambers. During the starter period from 1 to 21 days, all the birds were fed the same basal diet. On day 22, the birds were weighed and randomly divided into six treatment groups and exposed to cyclic high temperature at 36 ± 1 °C for 3 h per day from 11:00 to 14:00 until the end of the experiment. From day 22 to 42 (finisher period), an equal number of birds were subjected to one of the following diets: NC (negative control) basal diet; PC (positive control) basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline; or AA (ascorbic acid) basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid. The other three groups (RI11, RS5 and UL4) were basal diet + 0.3% different postbiotics (produced from different Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and defined as RI11, RS5 and UL4, respectively). The results demonstrated that birds fed RI11 diets had significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain than the birds that received the NC, PC and AA treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the RI11 group compared with the other groups. Carcass parameters were not affected by the postbiotic-supplemented diet. Postbiotic supplementation improved villi height significantly in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to the NC, PC and AA treatments. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly higher in NC group compared to other treatment groups except RI11 in duodenum, and UL4 in ileum was not different with NC groups. The villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and ileum was significantly higher for the postbiotic treatment groups and AA than the PC and NC treatment groups. The postbiotic RI11 group recorded significantly higher caecum total bacteria and Lactobacillus count and lower Salmonella count compared to the NC and PC treatment groups. The Bifidobacterium population in the NC group was significantly lower compared to the other treatment groups. The postbiotic (RI11, RS5 and UL4) and AA treatment groups showed lower Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts and caecal pH than the NC and PC treatment groups. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly higher in the birds receiving postbiotic RI11 than those receiving other treatments. The plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was higher in the RI11 treatment group than in the NC, AA and RS5 groups. The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was not affected by postbiotic supplements. The hepatic GHR mRNA expression level was significantly increased in birds fed postbiotics RI11, RS5 and UL4, AA and PC compared to the NC-fed birds. Postbiotic RI11 led to significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level compared to the NC, PC, and AA treatments. Mortality was numerically lesser in the postbiotic treatment groups, but not significantly different among all the treatments. In conclusion, among the postbiotics applied in the current study as compared with NC, PC and AA, RI11 could be used as a potential alternative antibiotic growth promoter and anti-stress treatment in the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Comparision Between Clopidogrel and Prasugrel On hs-CRP Levels Post Percutaneous Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-035
Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
Indrani Garre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Intervention ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

AbstractAims: This study investigated the effect of clopidogrel versus prasugrel treatment on inflammatory activity as evidenced by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels among patients who underwent percutaneous intervention (PCI). The effect in clinical outcomes between both the treatment groups is also explored.Methods: The study included 53 patients into two cohorts with 30 from clopidogrel group and 23 from prasugrel group who underwent PCI for coronary artery disease. Patients were assigned either to clopidogrel or prasugrel group based on mehraan bleeding risk score. Hs-CRP was measured on 15thfollowup day. The predefined primary composite endpoint was myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular complications or death from cardiovascular causes.Results: In both treatment groups the changes in hs-CRP levels over time were identical (2.97±3.2 in clopidogrel vs. 4.47±4.1in prasugrel p:0.14). Clinical outcomes occurred in 3 cases in clopidogrel group and one patient had puncture site hematoma in prasugrel group (p: 0.72). In contrast no significant difference in hs-CRP was noted among those had adverse clinical outcomes (1.67±2.2 vs 3.12±3.3 p: 0.47). Baseline parameters height (158.3±7.7 vs 157.8±7.7p:0.80) weight (63.4±9.7 vs 63.8±9.6 p: 0.87) hypertension (17 vs 11 p: 0.58) diabetes (11 vs 8 p: 1.00) smokers (1 vs. 5 p: 0.06) are matched between both the groups. Clopidogrel group were elderly (63.1±9.6 vs 53.7±9.5 p: 0.001) and had higher systolic blood pressure (154.7±26.2 vs 138.7±18.7 p: 0.01). Clinical scenario like type of presentation (CSA 16 vs 9 p: 0.29) LV dysfunction (10 vs 10 p: 0.57) previousPCI (5 vs 4 p: 0.94) previous CABG (2 vs 0 p: 0.143) are identical in both groups. Lesion characteristics like calcification (15 vs 11 p:0.97) tortuosity(4 vs 3 p:0.94) angulation (2 vs 0p:0.49) ostial lesion ( 8 vs 5 p:0.75) thrombotic (0 vs 1 p:0.30) was similar in both the groups. Bifurcation lesion (6 vs 1 p:0.06) usage of Gp2B3A inhibitors(3 vs 0 p:0.06) was higher in clopidogrel group.Conclusions: Antiplatelet prasugrel and clopidogrel significantly did not affect inflammation post PCI as assessed by hs-CRP which is an established inflammatory marker. No significant difference in clinical outcomes in the follow-up between both the groups. Neither hs-CRP level was elevated in those with adverse clinical events.

scholarly journals European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Immune Status and Disease Resistance Are Impaired by Arginine Dietary Supplementation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Azeredo ◽  
Jaume Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽  
Belén Fouz ◽  
Lluis Tort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
European Sea Bass

scholarly journals First PET Imaging Studies With 63Zn-Zinc Citrate in Healthy Human Participants and Patients With Alzheimer Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 153601211667379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. DeGrado ◽  
Bradley J. Kemp ◽  
Mukesh K. Pandey ◽  
Huailei Jiang ◽  
Tina M. Gunderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Participants
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