scholarly journals Dietary Short-Term Fiber Interventions in Arthritis Patients Increase Systemic SCFA Levels and Regulate Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3207
Author(s):  
Kerstin Dürholz ◽  
Jörg Hofmann ◽  
Aida Iljazovic ◽  
Julian Häger ◽  
Sébastien Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic inflammatory diseases are often initiated and guided by the release of proinflammatory mediators. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by an imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the joints, thereby favoring chronic inflammation and joint damage. Here, we investigate if short-term high-fiber dietary intervention shifts this towards anti-inflammatory mediators. Healthy controls (n = 10) and RA patients (n = 29) under routine care received daily high-fiber bars for 15 or 30 days, respectively. Stool and sera were analyzed for pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. A high-fiber dietary intervention resulted in increased anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), decreased proarthritic cytokine concentrations, along with a durable shift in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Together, these results further strengthen high-fiber dietary interventions as a practical approach complementing existing pharmacological therapies.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Fiber in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Feasibility Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Häger ◽  
Holger Bang ◽  
Melanie Hagen ◽  
Michael Frech ◽  
Pascal Träger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
High Fiber

Short-chain fatty acids are microbial metabolites that have been shown to be key regulators of the gut–joint axis in animal models. In humans, microbial dysbiosis was observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients as well as in those at-risk to develop RA, and is thought to be an environmental trigger for the development of clinical disease. At the same time, diet has a proven impact on maintaining intestinal microbial homeostasis. Given this association, we performed a feasibility study in RA patients using high-fiber dietary supplementation with the objective to restore microbial homeostasis and promote the secretion of beneficial immunomodulatory microbial metabolites. RA patients (n = 36) under routine care received daily high-fiber bars or cereals for 28 days. Clinical assessments and laboratory analysis of immune parameters in blood and stool samples from RA patients were done before and after the high-fiber dietary supplementation. We observed an increase in circulating regulatory T cell numbers, favorable Th1/Th17 ratios, as well as decreased markers of bone erosion in RA patients after 28 days of dietary intervention. Furthermore, patient-related outcomes of RA improved. Based on these results, we conclude that controlled clinical studies of high-fiber dietary interventions could be a viable approach to supplement or complement current pharmacological treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Canscora lucidissima, a Chinese folk medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LPS-activated macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao-ling Fei ◽  
Xiao-yu Zhang ◽  
Rui-juan Qi ◽  
Yun-feng Huang ◽  
Yi-xin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Models ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Canscora lucidissima (Levl. & Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. (C. lucidissima), mainly distributed in southern China, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect is not fully understood. Methods In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ethanol extract of C. lucidissima (Cl-EE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory models. ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot and luciferase reporter assay were used for the experiments in vitro, and ICR mouse endotoxemia model was used for in vivo test. Results Our data showed that Cl-EE reduced the production of NO by down-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, it potently decreased other proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1β at the transcriptional and translational levels. Further study indicated that Cl-EE did not affect NF-κB signaling pathway but significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, rather than JNK or p38. In a LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, a single intraperitoneal injection of Cl-EE (75–300 mg/kg) could lower circulatory TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 levels. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicated that Cl-EE suppressed the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 thus reducing the transcription and translation of inflammatory genes, thereby exerted anti-inflammatory activity. This study reveals the anti-inflammatory mechanism of C. lucidissima and may provide an effective treatment option for a variety of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Total Alkaloid Extract fromFumaria capreolata

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Bribi ◽  
Francesca Algieri ◽  
Alba Rodriguez-Nogales ◽  
Jose Garrido-Mesa ◽  
Teresa Vezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fumaria Capreolata

Fumaria capreolatais used in traditional medicine in North Africa for its gastrointestinal and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigates the effects of total alkaloids extracted from the aerial parts ofFumaria capreolata(AFC) on LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and MIP-2) in RAW264.7 cells. AFC significantly reduced the inflammatory response inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the viability of cells, and downregulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory key players: IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, and COX-2. AFC antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were also evaluated on the acetic acid- and formalin-induced pain models in mice. AFC oral administration significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhes and reduced formalin-induced paw licking time. Therefore, AFC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as colitis and arthritis.

scholarly journals Flavonoids Identified from KoreanScutellaria baicalensisGeorgi Inhibit Inflammatory Signaling by Suppressing Activation of NF-κB and MAPK in RAW 264.7 Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong-Eun Hong ◽  
Jin-A. Kim ◽  
Arulkumar Nagappan ◽  
Silvia Yumnam ◽  
Ho-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi has been used as traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, tumors, and diarrhea in Asia. Hence, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and determined the molecular mechanism of action of flavonoids isolated from KoreanS. baicalensisG. in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to examine cytotoxicity of the flavonoids at various concentrations of 10, 40, 70, and 100 µg/mL. No cytotoxicity was observed in RAW 264.7 cells at these concentrations. Furthermore, the flavonoids decreased production of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inhibited phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, to identify the differentially expressed proteins in RAW 264.7 cells of the control, LPS-treated, and flavonoid-treated groups, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were conducted. The identified proteins were involved in the inflammatory response and included PRKA anchor protein and heat shock protein 70 kD. These findings suggest that the flavonoids isolated fromS. baicalensisG. might have anti-inflammatory effects that regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway via the MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of the specific carbohydrate diet in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillemor Berntson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Specific Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background Diet has an effect on the intestinal immune system, which may have consequences for inflammatory diseases. Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of SCD in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Twenty-two patients with JIA (age 6.3–17.3 years), with stable, low-to-medium disease activity, were included in the study. Seven children dropped out within two weeks from the start of SCD, and fifteen patients, who completed four to five weeks of SCD, were evaluated in the final analyses. A dietician introduced parents and children to SCD with written and verbal instructions, and regular follow-ups were performed during the intervention period. Patients were studied with clinical and laboratory examinations before, during and after the intervention. In addition to conventional JIA laboratory tests, analyses were performed of short chain fatty acids in faecal samples at inclusion and after two and four weeks of SCD. Results SCD significantly decreased morning stiffness (p = 0.003) and pain (p = 0.048), and improved physical function assessed through the child health assessment questionnaire (p = 0.022). Arthritis improved in five of the seven children with arthritis at inclusion. Faecal butyrate increased significantly (p = 0.020). Conclusions SCD has significant positive effect on arthritis activity, morning stiffness, pain and physical function in children with JIA. Our results suggest that change in bacterial activity of the intestinal canal by dietary intervention may provide an effective and feasible complementary treatment for JIA.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of the specific carbohydrate diet in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillemor Berntson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Specific Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background Diet has an effect on the intestinal immune system, which may have consequences for inflammatory diseases. Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of SCD in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Twenty-two patients with JIA (age 6.3–17.3 years), with stable, low-to-medium disease activity, were included in the study. Seven children dropped out within two weeks from the start of SCD, and fifteen patients, who completed four to five weeks of SCD, were evaluated in the final analyses. A dietician introduced parents and children to SCD with written and verbal instructions, and regular follow-ups were performed during the intervention period. Patients were studied with clinical and laboratory examinations before, during and after the intervention. In addition to conventional JIA laboratory tests, analyses were performed of short chain fatty acids in faecal samples at inclusion and after two and four weeks of SCD. Results SCD significantly decreased morning stiffness (p = 0.003) and pain (p = 0.048), and improved physical function assessed through the child health assessment questionnaire (p = 0.022). Arthritis improved in five of the seven children with arthritis at inclusion. Faecal butyrate increased significantly (p = 0.020). Conclusions SCD has significant positive effect on arthritis activity, morning stiffness, pain and physical function in children with JIA. Our results suggest that change in bacterial activity of the intestinal canal by dietary intervention may provide an effective and feasible complementary treatment for JIA.

scholarly journals Pomiferin Exerts Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects Through Activating Akt /Nrf2 Pathway and Inhibiting NF-κB pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Yuxuan Sang ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background:Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neuroinflammation. However, the pro-inflammatory mediators produced during the occurrence of neuroinflammation will damage neurons and aggravate the process of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibiting neuroinflammation may be an effective way to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. The orange mulberry brass has a wide range of anti - oxidation and anti - inflammatory effects in peripheral tissues. However, it is not clear whether it inhibits neuroinflammation. Methods:In our experiment, we studied the effect of Pomiferin on BV2 cell inflammation and its mechanism with Quantitative PCR, ELISA and western blot.Results:The results showed that Pomiferin inhibited the production of ROS, NO and proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX2) in BV2 cells. Further mechanism studies showed that Pomiferin activated the Akt /Nrf2 pathway and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that Pomiferin exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects through activating Akt /Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway.

The effect of total flavonoids from Saussurea involucrata on the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Shan Yan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Brian Chi-Yan Cheng ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Saussurea involucrate (SI) has long been used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The main active constituents of SI are flavonoids, which are a class of polyphenolic compounds. However, few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the total flavonoids of SI (FSI). The mechanism underlying this action is still not fully understood. In the present study, we employed RAW264.7 cell line as an inflammatory cell model to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of FSI and explore the corresponding molecular mechanisms.Methods We extracted FSI using chromatographic column method. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was detected by Griess assay. The release of cytokines and chemokines were determined by ELISA assays. The nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the related protein expression.Results The results showed that the amount of FSI extracted from SI was 751.5 mg/g. The production of inflammatory mediators was effectively inhibited by FSI. Meanwhile, FSI also suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3. The elevated expression of iNOS, COX-2, p-IKKα/β, p-TBK1, p-IκBα, p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, p-p65, p-c-Jun, p-IRF3 induced by LPS was remarkably reduced by FSI treatment.Conclusion These findings indicated that FSI has a potential ability to inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and the underlying mechanism may be related to block the p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 signaling pathways. This study provided evidence for the anti-inflammatory mode and the underlying mechanism of FSI.

scholarly journals Comparative Expression Analyses of Pro- versus Anti-Inflammatory Mediators within Synovium of Patients with Joint Trauma, Osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Al-Madol ◽  
Mohammed Shaqura ◽  
Thilo John ◽  
Rudolf Likar ◽  
Reham Said Ebied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Joint Trauma ◽  
Specific Mrna

Synovial injury and healing are complex processes including catabolic effects by proinflammatory cytokines and anabolic processes by anti-inflammatory mediators. Here we examined the expression of pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators in synovium of patients with diagnostic arthroscopy (control), joint trauma (JT), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial samples from these patients were subjected to RT-PCR and double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators as well as immune cell markers. Interestingly, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were expressed predominantly in granulocytes in patients with JT and in macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in patients with OA and RA. Interestingly, parallel to the severity of inflammation, proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α, and 5-LOX specific mRNA as well as immunoreactive (IR) cells were significantly more abundant in patients with RA and JT than in those with OA. However, anti-inflammatory mediators 15-LOX, FPR2, and IL-10 specific mRNA as well as IR cells were significantly more abundant in patients with OA than in those with JT and RA. These findings show that upregulation of proinflammatory mediators contributes to the predominantly catabolic inflammatory process in JT and RA synovium, whereas upregulation of anabolic anti-inflammatory mediators counteracts inflammation resulting in the inferior inflammatory process in OA synovium.

scholarly journals Novel Analgesics with Peripheral Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-825
Author(s):  
Cosmin I. Ciotu ◽  
Michael J. M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Inflammation Targeting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.

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