scholarly journals The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Matos ◽  
Diogo F. Bruno ◽  
António F. Ambrósio ◽  
Paulo F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Almost All

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Since it is known that diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina leading to neuronal death in the early stages of the disease, the use of these compounds can prove to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular effects of flavonoids in the diabetic retina.

scholarly journals Doctor's Role in Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy and Prevention of Blindness from its Complications

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (157) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Subedi ◽  
K U Subedi ◽  
B P Badhu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Diabetic Population

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microangiopathy, which is caused by chronic hyperglycemia, affecting theretinal arterioles, capillaries and venules, complications of which lead to incurable blindness.Approximately 10% of the diabetic population has type I diabetes mellitus (DM) which is diagnosed beforethe age of 30 years1 and rest is type II which is diagnosed after the age of 30 years. In UK 2% generalpopulation is affected by DM. In developed countries, diabetic retinopathy is an important and leadingcause of blindness in working age group where as in developing western countries this figure occupy 12% ofthe blindness.In developing countries like Nepal, cataract still remains a main cause of blindness and diabetes is notconsidered as a major problem. However due to a rapid urbanization and modernization of population,diabetes mellitus is becoming an endemic disease and bringing a new challenge in blindness reduction program.Key Words: Early detection of DR, Classification of DR, Complications, Prevention of blindness.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy and the Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 2180-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsul Ola ◽  
Dalia Al-Dosari ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness in developed countries. Diabetes-induced metabolic disorder is believed to increase oxidative stress in the retina. This results in deleterious change through dysregulation of cellular physiology that damages both neuronal and vascular cells. In this review, we first highlight the evidence of potential metabolic sources and pathways which increase oxidative stress that contribute to retinal pathology in diabetes. As oxidative stress is a central factor in the pathophysiology of DR, antioxidants therapy would be beneficial towards preventing the retinal damage. A number of experimental studies by our group and others showed that dietary flavonoids cause reduction in increased oxidative stress and other beneficial effects in diabetic retina. We then discuss the beneficial effects of the six major flavonoid families, such as flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins, which have been studied to improve retinal damage. Flavanoids, being known antioxidants, may ameliorate the retinal degenerative factors including apoptosis, inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetes. Therefore, intake of potential dietary flavonoids would limit oxidative stress and thereby prevent the retinal damage, and subsequently the development of DR.

Genetic Markers in Early Diabetic Retinopathy of Adolescents With Type I Diabetes

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura A.K. Falck ◽  
J.Mikael Knip ◽  
Jorma S. Ilonen ◽  
Leila T. Laatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I

Diabetic Retinopathy—Update on Prevention Techniques, Present Therapies, and New Leads

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Lauren M Marozas ◽  
Patrice E Fort ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Proactive Measures

Diabetic retinopathy is the major ocular complication associated with diabetes, and represents the leading cause of legal blindness in the working-age population of developed countries. Although classically diagnosed based on abnormalities of the retinal microvasculature, diabetic retinopathy is now widely recognized as a neurovascular disease. While all patients with diabetes are at increased risk for eye disease including diabetic retinopathy, proactive measures, and timely intervention can prevent or delay subsequent vision loss. Systemic management of diabetes by combined control of glycemia, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels remains the most important method of preventing diabetic retinopathy onset and progression. Once detected, surgical and medical interventions including photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and intravitral drug injection can help preserve vision. However, the need for improved detection methods and therapies that will allow earlier diagnosis and treatment remains apparent. This review summarizes current techniques for the prevention and intervention for diabetic retinopathy, and examines ongoing developments in the search for new endpoints and therapies as they apply to preventing vision loss associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Diabetic retinopathy: treatment and prevention

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. S9-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Capillary Occlusion

Diabetic eye disease is the major cause of blindness and vision loss among working-age people in developed countries. Microangiopathy and capillary occlusion underlie the pathogenesis of disease. While laser treatment is regarded as the standard therapy, intensive medical management of glycaemia and hypertension is also a priority in order to reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Recent data have prompted a re-evaluation of the role of lipid-modifying therapy in reducing diabetic retinopathy. The Fenofibrate Intervention for Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study demonstrated a significant 30% relative reduction in the need for first retinal laser therapy in patients with (predominantly early-stage) type 2 diabetes treated with fenofibrate 200 mg daily, from 5.2% with placebo to 3.6% with fenofibrate, p=0.0003. The benefit of fenofibrate was evident within the first year of treatment. These promising data justify further evaluation of the mechanism and role of fenofibrate, in addition to standard therapy, in the management of diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Gigonomy: Transformation of Employment, Risks and Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
OLENA IVANENKO
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Almost All

The article deals with the transformation of the employment structure and gigonomics. Today, such economic model is becoming the dominant option of choice, which is working in almost all the spheres and sectors of the economy and is increasingly conquering the world. The employment of the population represents the general structure of the economy and changes with it, reflecting the state of development of the country. Structural economic changes have led to a change in the usual forms and types of employment of the population. The market economy served as an impetus for a change in the structure of employment in the former Soviet society, and global economic processes have unified these changes. Today, the dominant trend is the shift of the main vector of economic activity from the sphere of production to the sphere of service (in various industries), small and medium-sized businesses, the applying of the principles of freelancing and outsourcing. There is also a decrease in employment in the fields of science, education, medicine; the science loses its prestige and intrinsic value, scientific knowledge is devalued, and intellectual work is increasingly concentrating in the field of computer technology, creating a huge number of new specialties and professions that require different fundamental training, high qualifications and a large number of work places. The standard principles of organizing the work process are giving way to non-standard ones; preference is given to freedom of choice, flexibility and independence etc. The digital economy and work on digital platforms are relevant, modern and promising, but they are not devoid of certain risks and dangers. Platform employment is precarious, unstable, socially and legally vulnerable, although in developed countries almost a third of the working-age population is employed in the gig economy today. In the article, there are investigated the peculiarities of Ukrainian gigonomics based on the materials of a survey conducted by the author among gig workers in Kiev — taxi drivers of online services (Uber, Uklon, Bolt) and food delivers (Glovo, Bolt Food, Rocket). Besides, there are clarified main advantages and disadvantages of such work and there are described its threats and prospects.

scholarly journals Retinal Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Impairment Is Ablated in Diabetic Mice Receiving XMD8-92 Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Howell ◽  
Chieh A. Lee ◽  
Julia C. Batoki ◽  
Thomas E. Zapadka ◽  
Sarah I. Lindstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Retinal Inflammation

The global number of diabetics continues to rise annually. As diabetes progresses, almost all of Type I and more than half of Type II diabetics develop diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease of the retina, and is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. With such a significant health impact, new drugs are required to halt the blinding threat posed by this visual disorder. The cause of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial, and an optimal therapeutic would halt inflammation, cease photoreceptor cell dysfunction, and ablate vascular impairment. XMD8-92 is a small molecule inhibitor that blocks inflammatory activity downstream of ERK5 (extracellular signal-related kinase 5) and BRD4 (bromodomain 4). ERK5 elicits inflammation, is increased in Type II diabetics, and plays a pathologic role in diabetic nephropathy, while BRD4 induces retinal inflammation and plays a role in retinal degeneration. Further, we provide evidence that suggests both pERK5 and BRD4 expression are increased in the retinas of our STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, we hypothesized that XMD8-92 would be a good therapeutic candidate for diabetic retinopathy, and tested XMD8-92 in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy. In the current study, we developed an in vivo treatment regimen by administering one 100 μL subcutaneous injection of saline containing 20 μM of XMD8-92 weekly, to STZ-induced diabetic mice. XMD8-92 treatments significantly decreased diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, VEGF production, and oxidative stress. Further, XMD8-92 halted the degradation of ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1), which is a tight junction protein associated with vascular permeability in the retina. Finally, XMD8-92 treatment ablated diabetes-mediated vascular leakage and capillary degeneration, which are the clinical hallmarks of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, this study provides strong evidence that XMD8-92 could be a potentially novel therapeutic for diabetic retinopathy.

PLATELET FIBRONECTIN LEVELS AS A MARKER FOR THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Custodi ◽  
G P Montecchio ◽  
C Bendotti ◽  
G Vandelli ◽  
M T Tenconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Microvascular Complication ◽  
Type I ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
Subendothelial Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Data Group

Aim of the study was to correlate fibronectin (Fn) and von Villebrand factor (vWf) levels measured in plasma and in platelets with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Patients were classified in five groups reflecting the progression of this microvascular complication, on the basis of fluorangiographic findings (0 = no microangiopathy; 1= simple microangiopathy; 2= oedematous retinopathy; 3= ischaemic retinopathy; 4= ischaemic proliferative retinopathy). 43 patients were studied, 22 suffering from type I diabetes and 21 from type II diabetes, according to the classification of National Diabetes Data Group. Fn and vWf were measured in plasma and in platelet samples using an original double-sandwich microELISA method and expressed as micrograms/ml or as micrograms/10* platelets. Platelets were counted and solubilized with 0.5% Triton × 100. Bleeding time and platelet adhesion to glass beads were also evaluated on every patient. Intraplatelet Fn levels were reduced in retinopathies and correlate with the severity of the microvascular alteration, being the difference significant between the two extreme groups (p<0.05). vWf intraplatelet levels were also significantly lower in patients with severe microvascular complications (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected for plasma Fn and vWf levels in the 5 groups. Intraplatelet Fn and vWf levels may therefore be considered as markers of the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The leakage of Fn and vWf from activated platelet and the incorporation of these glycoproteins in the subendothelial matrix may be responsible for the worsening of this microvascular complication.

Influence of Long-term Insulin Infusion Pump Treatment of Type I Diabetes on Diabetic Retinopathy

Ophthalmology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Puklin ◽  
William V. Tamborlane ◽  
Philip Felig ◽  
Myron Genel ◽  
Robert S. Sherwin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Type I

scholarly journals Molecular Implications of the PPARs in the Diabetic Eye

PPAR Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Ciudin ◽  
Cristina Hernández ◽  
Rafael Simó
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Advanced Stages

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains as the leading cause of blindness among working age individuals in developed countries. Current treatments for DR (laser photocoagulation, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, and vitreoretinal surgery) are applicable only at advanced stages of the disease and are associated with significant adverse effects. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments for the early stages of the disease are needed. Emerging evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs) agonists (in particular PPARα) are useful for the treatment of DR. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being elucidated. This paper mainly focuses on PPARs expression in the diabetic eye, its molecular implications, and the effect of PPAR agonists as a new approach for the treatment of DR. The availability of this new strategy will not only be beneficial in treating DR but may also result in a shift towards treating earlier stages of diabetic retinopathy, thus easing the burden of this devastating disease (Cheung et al. (2010)).

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