scholarly journals Associations between Genotype–Diet Interactions and Weight Loss—A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Sandra Bayer ◽  
Vincent Winkler ◽  
Hans Hauner ◽  
Christina Holzapfel

Studies on the interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and macronutrient consumption on weight loss are rare and heterogeneous. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search to investigate genotype–diet interactions on weight loss. Four databases were searched with keywords on genetics, nutrition, and weight loss (PROSPERO: CRD42019139571). Articles in languages other than English and trials investigating special groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with severe diseases) were excluded. In total, 20,542 articles were identified, and, after removal of duplicates and further screening steps, 27 articles were included. Eligible articles were based on eight trials with 91 SNPs in 63 genetic loci. All articles examined the interaction between genotype and macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) on the extent of weight loss. However, in most cases, the interaction results were not significant and represented single findings that lack replication. The publications most frequently analyzed genotype–fat intake interaction on weight loss. Since the majority of interactions were not significant and not replicated, a final evaluation of the genotype–diet interactions on weight loss was not possible. In conclusion, no evidence was found that genotype–diet interaction is a main determinant of obesity treatment success, but this needs to be addressed in future studies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huitong Chen ◽  
Qian Guan ◽  
Huiqin Guo ◽  
Lei Miao ◽  
Zhenjian Zhuo

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver cancer in childhood. The etiology of hepatoblastoma remains obscure. Hepatoblastoma is closely related to genetic syndromes, hinting that hepatoblastoma is a genetic predisposition disease. However, no precise exposures or genetic events are reported to hepatoblastoma occurrence. During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding of etiology leading to hepatoblastoma, and several important genetic events that appear to be important for the development and progression of this tumor have been identified. Advances in our understanding of the genetic changes that underlie hepatoblastoma may translate into better patient outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been generally applied in the research of etiology’s exploration, disease treatment, and prognosis assessment. Here, we reviewed and discussed the molecular epidemiology, especially SNPs progresses in hepatoblastoma, to provide references for future studies and promote the study of hepatoblastoma’s etiology.


2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
M N Katina ◽  
R F Gayfullina ◽  
V V Valiullin ◽  
A A Rizvanov ◽  
R F Khamitov ◽  
...  

Personalized medicine involves the use of methods of genomics and proteomics by physicians for early diagnosis, prediction of the nature of the disease course and the choice of medicines and their doses based on personalized characteristics of the individual patient. Advances in the study of the human genome make it possible to reveal the interrelation between the individual mutations in the human genes (polymorphisms) and predisposition to certain diseases. Currently there are more than 10 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome, however their biological role remains poorly understood. On the basis of a literature search of electronic full-text and abstract-only versions of articles, which was conducted in the PUBMED, OMIM and GENE databases, collected was the information on genetic predisposition to systemic atherosclerosis. The review is dedicated to polymorphisms of the major genes that play a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Borel ◽  
Charles Desmarchelier

Recent data have shown that interindividual variability in the bioavailability of vitamins A (β-carotene), D, and E, and carotenoids (lutein and lycopene), as well as that of phytosterols, is modulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The identified SNPs are in or near genes involved in intestinal uptake or efflux of these compounds, as well as in genes involved in their metabolism and transport. The phenotypic effect of each SNP is usually low, but combinations of SNPs can explain a significant part of the variability. Nevertheless, results from these studies should be considered preliminary since they have not been validated in other cohorts. Guidelines for future studies are provided to ensure that sound associations are elucidated that can be used to build consolidated genetic scores that may allow recommended dietary allowances to be tailored to individuals or groups by taking into account the multiloci genotypic signature of people of different ethnic origin or even of individuals.


2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2607-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Santosa ◽  
Isabelle Demonty ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Jose M. Ordovas ◽  
Peter J. H. Jones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευθυμία Κατσαρέλη

Η παχυσαρκία είναι μια πολυπαραγοντική νόσος που ο γενετικός παράγοντας σε σχέση με το περιβάλλον μπορεί να ευθύνεται έως και για το 70% της μεταβλητότητας του βάρους του σώματος. Το χειρουργείο βαριατρικής είναι η πιο αποτελεσματική θεραπεία για τη σοβαρή παχυσαρκία, σε σύγκριση με άλλες προσεγγίσεις, όπως οι αλλαγές στο τρόπο ζωής (τροποποίηση της διατροφής, αυξημένη σωματική δραστηριότητα), ή η φαρμακευτική αγωγή. Υπάρχει όμως μεγάλη μεταβλητότητα όσο αφορά το ποσοστό της απώλειας βάρους που επιτυγχάνει κάθε άτομο μετά το χειρουργείο βαριατρικής. Σκοπός αυτής της διατριβής ήταν να εξετάσουμε τη συσχέτιση ενός Γενετικού Σκορ Κινδύνου (ΓΣΚ) με το ποσοστό της απώλειας βάρους, μετά από βαριατρική χειρουργική επέμβαση επιμήκους γαστρεκτομής (Sleeve Gastrectomy) και γαστρικής παράκαμψης Roux-en-Y (Gastric bypass Roux-en-Y, RYGB). Συνολικά σαράντα επτά ασθενείς με νοσογόνο παχυσαρκία, Ελληνικής καταγωγής, που υποβλήθηκαν σε επιμήκη γαστρεκτομή (81%) ή σε γαστρική παράκαμψη, συμπεριελήφθησαν στην μελέτη. Στα άτομα αυτά, έγινε γονοτύπηση και παρακολουθήσαμε τη μετεγχειρητική απώλεια του βάρους, έως και δύο έτη μετά την επέμβαση. Επιπλέον κατά τη διάρκεια του χειρουργείου ελήφθησε δείγμα σπλαχνικού και υποδόριου λίπους από ένα υποσύνολο των παχύσαρκων ασθενών της μελέτης καθώς και από άτομα με κανονικό Δείκτη Μάζα Σώματος (ΔΜΣ). Στη συνέχεια πραγματοποιήθηκε απομόνωση και αλληλούχιση του μεταγραφώματος (RNA sequencing) από τα δείγματα των ιστών, προκειμένου να αποκαλυφθεί η διαφορετική έκφραση γονιδίων στον κάθε τύπο λιπώδους ιστού, που καθορίζει και τη φυσιολογία και το ιδιαίτερο βιολογικό ρόλο του σπλαχνικού και του υποδόριου λίπους. Η απώλεια βάρους μετά από τη χειρουργική επέμβαση, αναφέρθηκε ως το ποσοστό του υπερβάλλοντος βάρους που χάθηκε (% Excess Weight Loss, % EWL) στους 12 (EWL12) και 24 (EWL24) μήνες μετά το χειρουργείο. Ένα Γενετικό Σκορ Κινδύνου (ΓΣΚ) κατασκευάστηκε από πολυμορφισμούς ενός νουκλεοτιδίου (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNP) που είχαν συσχετιστεί από προηγούμενες μελέτες και μεταναλύσεις με το ΔΜΣ και το λόγο της περιφέρειας μέσης προς την περιφέρεια των ισχίων (Waist to Hip Ratio, WHR). Το επίπεδο της απώλειας βάρους μετά από 12 και 24 μήνες μετεγχειρητικά, εκτιμήθηκε μέσω δύο μοντέλων πολλαπλής γραμμικής παλινδρόμησης. Το πρώτο μοντέλο, έδειξε ότι οι μεταβλητές Γενετικό Σκορ Κινδύνου, ηλικία και ΔΜΣ, είχαν σημαντική επίδραση στο EWL12. Το ΓΣΚ συνδέθηκε σημαντικά με το EWL12, υποδεικνύοντας μείωση της απώλειας βάρους κατά 4,618% ανά αλληλόμορφο κινδύνου του ΓΣΚ. Το δεύτερο μοντέλο έδειξε θετική συσχέτιση μεταξύ EWL24 και του EWL12. Το ΓΣΚ επίσης συσχετίστηκε σημαντικά με EWL24, υποδεικνύοντας περίπου 3% μείωση του υπερβάλλοντος βάρους στους 24 μήνες ανά αλληλόμορφο κινδύνου του ΓΣΚ.Όσο αφορά τα γονίδια που εμφάνιζαν την πιο σημαντική έκφραση στους δύο τύπους λιπώδους ιστού, περιλαμβάνονται γονίδια που εμπλέκονται στις αναπτυξιακές διεργασίες στον υποδόριο και γονίδια που συμμετέχουν στην ανοσοαπόκριση και στην πρόσληψη γλυκόζης στο σπλαχνικό λιπώδη ιστό αντίστοιχα. Το Γενετικό Σκορ Κινδύνου μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί στο μέλλον μαζί με άλλες προεγχειρητικές παραμέτρους, προκειμένου να προβλεφθεί το αποτέλεσμα της βαριατρικής χειρουργικής επέμβασης. Γνωρίζοντας ότι ένας ασθενής έχει αυξημένο γενετικό κίνδυνο για χαμηλό ποσοστό απώλειας μετεγχειρητικού βάρους, μπορεί να επιλεγεί άλλος τύπος βαριατρικής επέμβασης ή εξειδικευμένο πρόγραμμα μετεγχειρητικής φροντίδας, έτσι ώστε να επιτευχθεί μεγαλύτερη και συνεχή απώλεια βάρους.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Christina Holzapfel ◽  
Sabine Sag ◽  
Johanna Graf-Schindler ◽  
Marcus Fischer ◽  
Theresa Drabsch ◽  
...  

Knowledge of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and weight loss is limited. The aim was to analyse whether selected obesity-associated SNPs within the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), SEC16 homolog B (SEC16B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with anthropometric changes during behavioural intervention for weight loss. genetic and anthropometric data from 576 individuals with overweight and obesity from four lifestyle interventions were obtained. A genetic predisposition score (GPS) was calculated. Our results show that study participants had a mean age of 48.2 ± 12.6 years and a mean baseline body mass index of 33.9 ± 6.4 kg/m2. Mean weight reduction after 12 months was −7.7 ± 10.9 kg. After 12 months of intervention, the MC4R SNPs rs571312 and rs17782313 were significantly associated with a greater decrease in body weight and BMI (p = 0.012, p = 0.011, respectively). The investigated SNPs within the other four genetic loci showed no statistically significant association with changes in anthropometric parameters. The GPS showed no statistically significant association with weight reduction. In conclusion there was no consistent evidence for statistically significant associations of SNPs with anthropometric changes during a behavioural intervention. It seems that other factors play a more significant in weight management than the investigated SNPs.


2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (02) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Kolz ◽  
Jens Baumert ◽  
Henning Gohlke ◽  
Harald Grallert ◽  
Angela Döring ◽  
...  

SummaryPrevious studies reported a gender-specific association between plasma fibrinogen concentrations and incident hypertension. We systematically analysed polymorphisms and haplotypes across the fibrinogen gene cluster with fibrinogen levels and assessed their contribution to prevalent hypertension in 2,200 men and 2,159 women from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg study. Eleven tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were systematically selected in the three fibrinogen genes and haplotypes were reconstructed. The minor alleles of two SNPs, rs2227401 (FGB) and rs2070016 (FGA) and the haplotypes tagged by those variants, were significantly associated with higher fibrinogen concentrations in both, men and women, explaining 1% of the total variance of fibrinogen concentrations. In addition, a FGG haplotype, tagged by rs1049636, was associated with lower concentrations of fibrinogen in women, but not in men. Regarding hypertension, we detected a significant association with a FGA promoter variant (rs2070008) in women only, whereas fibrinogen haplotypes were not associated with hyper-tension after correction for multiple comparisons in either men or women. In conclusion, our results suggest that variants in all three fibrinogen genes are significantly associated with differences in fibrinogen concentrations with modest contribution to phenotypic variance. It is likely that other genetic variants outside the fibrinogen gene loci are involved in the regulation of fibrinogen concentrations. In addition, one FGA promoter variant was significantly associated with hypertension in women. Confirmation of these findings by future studies is warranted.


2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. E1661-E1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agné Kulyté ◽  
Mikael Rydén ◽  
Niklas Mejhert ◽  
Elisabeth Dungner ◽  
Eva Sjölin ◽  
...  

Abstract Context: Genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in approximately 40 loci associated with obesity-related traits. How these loci regulate obesity is largely unknown. One obesity-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism is close to the MTCH2 gene (mitochondrial carrier homolog 2). Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the expression of genes in obesity-associated loci in abdominal sc white adipose tissue (scWAT) in relation to obesity. A more comprehensive expression study was performed on MTCH2. Design: mRNA levels of 66 genes from 40 loci were determined by microarray in scWAT from lean and obese women (n = 30). MTCH2 mRNA was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in lean and obese before and after weight loss in intact adipose pieces and isolated adipocytes, paired samples of scWAT and omental WAT, and primary adipocyte cultures (n = 191 subjects in total). MTCH2 genotypes were compared with mRNA expression in 96 women. MTCH2 protein was examined in scWAT of 38 individuals. Results: Adipose expression of eight genes was significantly associated with obesity; of these, MTCH2 displayed the highest absolute signal. MTCH2 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in obese women but was not affected by weight loss. MTCH2 was enriched in isolated fat cells and increased during adipocyte differentiation. There was no cis influence of MTCH2 genotypes on mRNA levels. Conclusion: MTCH2 is highly expressed in human WAT and adipocytes with increased levels in obese women. These results suggest that MTCH2 may play a role in cellular processes underlying obesity.


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Patrick Schaub

Purpose The aim of this paper is to reveal these problems and to derive recommendations for improvement. In the field of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), two common complaints are the large treatment gap that exists because only a small percentage of people with an AUD are in treatment; and the prolonged lag that typically exists between the emergence of problematic symptoms and actual on set of treatment. However, there also are no clear definitions for these terms – “treatment gap” and “treatment lag” – and, therefore, no consensus regarding how to quantify them. For this reason, it is difficult to compare the results of studies assessing either of these measures. Design/methodology/approach A non-systematic literature search and logical-analytical investigation was performed of immanent problems related to definitions and measurements aiming to enhance understanding in this area and derive suggestions for improvement. Findings The following four fundamental questions were identified: How does one operationalise the need to change substance use behaviours? Which interventions can justifiably be called treatment? Is treatment always necessary? and How regularly do patients need to be in contact with a treatment system to be considered “in treatment”? Potential approaches to answering these questions are discussed and recommendations made for future studies to determine how the treatment gap and treatment lag should be derived. Originality/value The derived recommendations should make the calculation of treatment gap and treatment lag more transparent and comparable between studies. They also may serve as checklists for future studies on the treatment gap and lag in the AUD field.


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