scholarly journals Effect of Physical Exercise on Taste Perceptions: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2741
Author(s):  
Alexandre-Charles Gauthier ◽  
Roseane de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Khoosheh Namiranian ◽  
Vicky Drapeau ◽  
Marie-Eve Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Choice Preference ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Substantial Interest

The effect of physical exercise on nutrition has gained substantial interest in the last decade. Meaningful results have been produced concerning the effect of physical exercise on different appetite hormones and food choice/preference. While it is well known that taste and nutrition are related, the relation between taste and physical activity has not yet been fully explored. This systematic review aims to provide a detailed view of the literature on physical exercise and its effect on taste perceptions. Five tastes were included in this review: sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami. Sweet taste intensity, sensitivity, and preference were increased by acute physical exercise, but sweet preference was reduced by chronic physical activity. Perceived intensity and sensitivity decreased overall for salty taste, but an increased preference was noted during/following exercise. Sour taste intensity ratings were decreased following exercise and preference was enhanced. Umami taste intensity and sensitivity increased following exercise and preference was decreased. No significant results were obtained for bitter taste. While evidence regarding the effect of exercise on taste has arisen from this review, the pre-testing nutrition, testing conditions, type of test, and exercise modality must be standardized in order to produce meaningful and reproducible results in the future.

scholarly journals Sweet and Umami Taste Perception Differs with Habitual Exercise in Males

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Feeney ◽  
Laura Leacy ◽  
Mark O’Kelly ◽  
Niamh Leacy ◽  
Abbie Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Taste is influenced by several factors. However, whether habitual exercise level is associated with differences in taste perception has received little investigation. The aim of this study was to determine if habitual exercise is associated with differences in taste perception in men. Active (n = 16) and inactive (n = 14) males, between ages 18–55, underwent two days of sensory testing, using prototypical taste stimuli of high and low concentrations for sweet, salt, bitter, sour, umami, and carbohydrate (maltodextrin). Mean perceived intensity and hedonic ratings were recorded. Eating behaviour was assessed by the three factor eating questionnaire and food intake by EPIC food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). There were moderate to large differences between the two groups in perceived intensity for sweet taste at the high concentration and umami taste at both high and low concentrations, with active males recording a higher perceived intensity (p < 0.05 for all). The active group also recorded a greater dislike for umami low and carbohydrate low concentration (p < 0.01). Salt, bitter and sour perception did not significantly differ between the two groups. FFQ analysis showed no difference in % energy from macronutrients between the groups. Eating behaviour traits correlated with sweet taste intensity and umami taste liking, independent of activity status. Results indicated that sweet and umami taste perception differ in active compared to inactive males. Habitual exercise level should be considered in taste perception research and in product development. Whether differences in taste perception could be one factor influencing food intake and thus energy balance with habitual exercise warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Body Expression-Based Intervention Programs for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7569
Author(s):  
María-Jesús Lirola ◽  
Gerardo Ruiz-Rico ◽  
Antonia-Irene Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
María-Esther Prados-Megías
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Selection Of

The benefits of physical exercise on human health are widely known. However, the level of physical activity in the majority of the population is considered insufficient. People with intellectual disabilities (ID), in particular, show this lack of physical activity to a greater extent. It has been noted that the promotion of activities focused on corporal expression (CE) stimulates the motivation to carry out physical exercise in this population group. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the last ten years of CE programs carried out in people with ID. The criteria established in the PRISMA statement were followed in the literature search. The databases consulted were Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, PsycInfo and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO). Eight exclusion criteria were established for the selection of articles. For the analysis of the selected research, three quality criteria for interventions were established. Subsequently, a summary table with the characteristics of each study was made. In conclusion, it can be stated that CE programs in people with ID report benefits at both physical and psychosocial levels. It is necessary to extend this approach for the promotion of healthy physical activity that advocates social inclusion.

scholarly journals ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Thaís Amanda Reia ◽  
Roberta Fernanda da Silva ◽  
André Mourão Jacomini ◽  
Ana Maria Guilmo Moreno ◽  
Anderson Bernardino da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACT As the population ages, health conditions, including hypertension (HT), which is one of the most prevalent diseases in the elderly population, increase. Regular physical exercise has been recommended for hypertensive individuals; however, due to the variety of factors involved in exercise, different acute responses can be achieved. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the acute effect of physical exercise on blood pressure (BP) in elderly hypertensive patients and of its applicability to the treatment of HT. The search was performed in electronic databases available at Pubmed/Medline, Scopus and Bireme from 2008 to 2018, using the terms “acute physical exercise and hypertension and elderly”. A total of 592 articles were found, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 9 articles were selected to form the analysis. All studies evaluated the acute effect of the exercise session and the acute effect of the session after a training period in male and female hypertensive individuals aged 60 years or over. The results indicate that in spite of the heterogeneity of training methods, all intervention protocols used in these studies were effective in promoting BP reduction post exercise when compared to the control group. However, there is still a gap in the reviewed literature regarding the maintenance time of post exercise hypotension (PEH) in the elderly. This information could suggest how long individuals undergoing physical exercise would be “protected” from high blood pressure values and their health risks, and help plan physical exercise sessions at the precise time the hypotensive effect ceases to be present. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies-Investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on College Students’ Physical Activity: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Ding ◽  
Song Ding ◽  
Jiali Niu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Trial Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on college students’ physical activity.Methods: All cohort studies, comparing college students undertaking physical exercise at school before the COVID-19 pandemic and physical exercise at home during the COVID-19 pandemic will be included in this review. We will use index words related to college students, physical exercise and COVID-19 to perform literature searches in PubMed, Medline, Embase and CNKI databases, to include articles indexed as of June 20, 2021 in English and Chinese language. Two reviewers will independently select trials for inclusion, assess trial quality and extract information for each included trials. Primary outcomes are exercise frequency, duration and intensity and associated factors. Based on Cochrane assessment tool, we will evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Revman 5.3 will be used for heterogeneity assessment, data synthesis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and generating funnel-plots.Discussion: The stronger evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on college students’ physical activity will be provided, so as to better guide teaching practice.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021262390.

The effectiveness of physical exercise interventions in the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Komanthi Kouloutbani ◽  
Fotini Venetsanou ◽  
Alexandra Markati ◽  
Konstantinos E. Karteroliotis ◽  
Antonios Politis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACT Background: The management of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia is a major challenge. Since no effective therapy has been found to date and drug treatments are associatedwith significant side effects, there seems to be a pressing need for alternative non-pharmacological interventions. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate and compare the effect of different types of physical exercise on the NPS. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Five databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORT Discus, Web of science and ScienceDirect) were searched using the appropriate algorithm. What was sought out was randomized control trials (RCTs) that applied physical activity interventions with specific characteristics (type, frequency, intensity, and duration) in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, studied the effect of exercise on their NPS and compared this effect with a control group that did not follow an exercise program. Results: From 512 articles, 13 studies were included in this review, involving a total of 1,925 patients. The results were analyzed and synthesized according to the type of exercise applied – aerobic exercise, multidimensional interventions and muscular strength training programs. In particular, the results showed that repetitive aerobic exercise three to five times a week had a positive effect on NPS, whereas multidimensional interventions combining different types of exercise did not appear to be as effective. Strength training programs have been found to significantly reduce depression symptoms and behavioral problems in demented patients with mobility problems. Conclusions: There is clear evidence that physical activity and especially aerobic exercise may be effective in the management of NPS. However, it is necessary to apply specific practical recommendations and specially designed programs to incorporate physical exercise into the daily routine of these patients.

Can IGF-1 Serum Levels Really be Changed by Acute Physical Exercise? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
Diego de Alcantara Borba ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Alves ◽  
João Paulo Pereira Rosa ◽  
Lucas Alves Facundo ◽  
Carlos Magno Amaral Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Exercise Type ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Background: Physical exercise plays an important role in metabolic health, especially in the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of a single endurance and resistance exercise session on IGF-1 serum. Methods: The systematic review was performed in SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. All analyses are based on random-effect models. The study identified 249 records of which 21 were included. Results: There was an effect of endurance exercise on total IGF-1 (P = .01), but not for free IGF-1 (P = .36). Resistance exercise similarly only affected total IGF-1 (P = .003) and not free IGF-1 (P = .37). The effect size indicated that total IGF-1 is more affected (ES = 0.81) by endurance than by resistance exercise (ES = 0.46). The present study showed that IGF-1 serum concentrations are altered by exercise type, but in conditions which are not well-defined. Conclusions: The systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that there is no determinant in serum IGF-1 changes for the exercise load characteristic. Therefore, physical exercise may be an alternative treatment to control changes in IGF-1 metabolism and blood concentration.

Effects of Acute Physical Exercise With Low and High Cognitive Demands on Executive Functions in Children: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Paschen ◽  
Tim Lehmann ◽  
Miriam Kehne ◽  
Jochen Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Purpose: Whereas many studies addressed the relation between acute physical exercise and executive functions (EF) in children, the effects of various modalities of acute exercise on EF still remain unclear. This systematic review investigated the effects of exercise with low and high cognitive demands on speed of processing and accuracy of performance in tasks examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in children. Method: A systematic literature research in electronic databases was performed. Controlled trials assessing the effects of acute exercise on EF in a pre–post design were included. Results: Ten studies involving a total of 890 participants revealed positive effects in working memory performance in speed of processing after acute exercises with low cognitive demands compared with seated rest, mixed results for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands, and mixed results for cognitive flexibility with low cognitive demands. Concerning accuracy, only mixed results were found for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands. Conclusion: The differentiated effects of acute exercises with low and high cognitive demands led to more positive effects in speed of processing compared with accuracy of performance. Further investigations including assessment of neurophysiological parameters of EF are needed.

scholarly journals The level of physical activity and the growth hormone (GH) response to acute physical exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Almira Hadžović ◽  
Emina Nakaš-Ićindić ◽  
Elma Kucukalić-Selimović ◽  
Nešina Avdagić ◽  
Asija Začiragić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Serum Gh

There is no clear evidence about the influence of programmed physical activity (training) on growth hormone (GH) response to acute physical exercise. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the level of physical activity and the serum growth hormoneconcentration in response to acute physical exercise. The study was performed on 20, healthy male subjects. Based on the level of their physical activities they were divided in two groups of equal size: group 1, trained, and group 2, untrained subjects. All subjects performed one boot of exercise on cycle ergometer, lasting 30 minutes. Work intensity was approx. 65% of VO2 max, and the rate of cycling was 60/min. Serum GH concentrations were measured by IRMA (immunoradiometric assays) method in blood samples obtained in the period of rest, during exercise and in the recovery period. There were marked differences in the dynamics of changes in the serum GH concentrations during exercise period between the groups of various level of physical activity despite the lack of the significant differences in basal level and maximal level of serum GH concentration at the end of exercise. Untrained subjects showed faster increase in serum GH concentration than trained subjects, but in trained subjects the restoration of the basal values in the recovery period was faster. These results indicate that the level of physical activities in young, healthy male subjects has no influence on GH response to acute physical exercise.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rumpf ◽  
Sebastian Proschinger ◽  
Alexander Schenk ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Amit Lampit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Abstract Background Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory. Objective The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light on the moderating factors, and (3) test the assumption of NKCA suppression subsequent to performing sports. Methods Two comparisons of NKCA were performed: (1) pre- versus post-exercise and (2) pre-exercise versus recovery. Data were acquired through a systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and SportDiscus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the effect of acute physical exercise was assessed including a passive control group and reporting NKCA prior to and immediately after the trial, and during the first 2 h of recovery. To better explain between-study heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was conducted. Results Pooled estimate from 12 studies reporting 18 effect sizes show that NKCA is largely elevated by acute physical exercise (Hedges’ g = 1.02, 95% CI 0.59–1.46, p < 0.01). Meta-regressions reveal that this effect is larger for endurance versus resistance exercise and increases with the intensity of exercise (both p < 0.01), whereas the blood material used in the assay (p = 0.71), and the quantitative change in NK-cell count (R2 = 0%, p = 0.55) do not play a significant role. Physical exercise does not affect the level of NKCA after the recovery period (g = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.37 to 0.50, p < 0.76). Conclusions This work provides solid evidence for elevated NKCA through performing sports which returns to baseline during the first 1–2 h of recovery, but not below the pre-exercise values providing counterevidence to the assumption of temporarily reduced NKCA. Remarkably, the functional change in NKCA exists independently from the quantitative change in NK-cell count. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020134257.

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