scholarly journals Impact of Storage Conditions on the Breast Milk Peptidome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2733
Author(s):  
Vanessa Howland ◽  
Maik Klaedtke ◽  
Johanna Ruhnau ◽  
Vishnu M. Dhople ◽  
Hans J. Grabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Degradation Of Peptides

Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.

The impact of lactation and gestational age on the composition of branched-chain fatty acids in human breast milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jie ◽  
Ce Qi ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Renqiang Yu ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The main BCFAs in preterm breast milk were iso-14:0, iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0, iso-17:0, and anteiso-17:0, which were low than that in term breast milk. They were mainly located in the sn-2 position of TAGs and concentration in colostrum.

scholarly journals Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances associates with altered lipid profile of breast milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Lamichhane ◽  
Heli Siljander ◽  
Daniel Duberg ◽  
Jarno Honkanen ◽  
Suvi M. Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundChemical composition of human breast milk is highly variable inter- and intra-individually. Environmental factors are suspected to partly explain the compositional variation, however, their impact on breast milk composition is currently poorly understood.ObjectivesWe sought (1) to define the impact of maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on lipid composition of human breast milk, and (2) to study the combined impact of maternal PFAS exposure and breast milk lipid composition on the growth of the infants.MethodsIn a mother-infant study (n=44) we measured the levels of PFAS and lipids in maternal serum and conducted lipidomics analysis of breast milk at birth and at 3 months of infant age, by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Maternal diet was studied by a validated food frequency questionnaire.ResultsPFAS levels were inversely associated with total lipid levels in the breast milk collected at birth. In the high exposure group, the ratio of acylated saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols was increased. Moreover, high exposure to PFAS associated with the altered phospholipid composition, which was indicative of unfavorable increase in the size of milk fat globules. These changes in the milk lipid composition were further associated with slower infant growth and with elevated intestinal inflammatory markers.DiscussionOur data suggest that the maternal exposure to PFAS impacts the nutritional quality of the breast milk, which, in turn, may have detrimental impact on the health and growth of the children later in life.

scholarly journals Microencapsulated Tuna Oil Results in Higher Absorption of DHA in Toddlers

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ghasemi Fard ◽  
Su Peng Loh ◽  
Giovanni M. Turchini ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Glenn Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Tuna Oil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component for brain and visual acuity development during foetal and early postnatal life. A newly released directive under the European Commission stipulates DHA as a mandatory ingredient in infant formula. This poses challenges to manufacturers in preserving the stability and bioavailability of DHA at levels akin to human breast milk. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the bioavailability of microencapsulated omega-3 DHA formulations in healthy toddlers compared with high DHA fish oil for a one-month period and (b) to assess the effect of DHA supplementation on children’s sleep and cry patterns. Sixty toddlers were randomly allocated to four groups: 1. unfortified formula, 2. unfortified formula plus high DHA tuna oil, 3. fortified formula with dairy-based microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder, and 4. fortified formula with allergenic-free microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder. Bioavailability was assessed from both blood and faecal fatty acid levels. The results showed an enhanced bioavailability with significantly greater concentrations of blood DHA levels in formulas with microencapsulated powders. There were no significant effects of treatment on sleep and cry patterns. Application and delivery of microencapsulated DHA tuna oil powder in toddlers’ formula provided better bioavailability of the active DHA.

scholarly journals Human Breast Milk NMR Metabolomic Profile across Specific Geographical Locations and Its Association with the Milk Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Jose Morales ◽  
Daniel Monleón ◽  
Elloise du Toit ◽  
Himanshu Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations

The composition of human breast milk is highly variable, and it can be influenced by genetics, diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of geographical location and mode of delivery on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolic profile of breast milk and its relationship with the milk microbiome. Human milk metabolic and microbiota profiles were determined using NMR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively, in 79 healthy women from Finland, Spain, South Africa, and China. Up to 68 metabolites, including amino acids, oligosaccharides, and fatty acid-associated metabolites, were identified in the milk NMR spectra. The metabolite profiles showed significant differences between geographical locations, with significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of galactose, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-difucohexaose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, proline, N-acetyl lysine, methyl-histidine, dimethylamine, kynurenine, urea, creatine and creatine phosphate, formate, lactate, acetate, phosphocholine, acetylcholine, LDL, VLDL, ethanolamine, riboflavin, hippurate, spermidine, spermine and uridine. Additionally, the effect of caesarean section on milk metabolome was dependent on the geographical region. Specific interrelations between human milk metabolites and microbiota were also identified. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli were most significantly associated with the milk metabolites, being either positively or negatively correlated depending on the metabolite. Our results reveal specific milk metabolomic profiles across geographical locations and also highlight the potential interactions between human milk’s metabolites and microbes.

Maternal Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Macronutrient Composition of Human Breast Milk: Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Shiksha Adhikari ◽  
Urszula Kudla ◽  
Jean Nyakayiru ◽  
Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Introduction: Human breast milk is the best source of nutrition in early life, particularly during the first six months. Nevertheless, human breast milk composition is variable and more insight in the exact factors contributing to this variability is warranted. In this review, we explored the impact of maternal dietary intake and nutritional status (e.g., anthropometric measures, body mass index, bioimpedance) on human milk macronutrient composition. Method: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were systematically searched till November 2019. Results: In total, 4946 publications underwent title-abstract screening; 101 publications underwent full-text screening. Eventually, 50 publications were included in this review, investigating either associations between maternal dietary intake (n=29) and/or maternal nutritional status (n=29), and macronutrient composition of human breast milk. Reported energy composition ranged from 51-72 kcal/dl, and 67% and 54% of the studies reported associations between with maternal nutritional intake and status, respectively. Protein content ranged from 0.8-3.3g/dl and four studies suggested a negative association with nutritional status. Fat content ranged from 2.1- 9.8g/dl, and 68% of the studies reported positive associations with nutritional status. Carbohydrate content ranged from 5.8-7.5g/dl, and 67% of the included studies did not report an association between intake or status. Conclusion: Literature investigating associations of maternal dietary intake and nutrition status with breast milk composition of macronutrients and energy content is diversified, both in terms of used methodology as well as results. Further studies using well defined and standard parameters are essential to aid the formulation of scientific recommendations.

scholarly journals The impact of human breast milk components on the infant metabolism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0197713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hellmuth ◽  
Olaf Uhl ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
Maria Grunewald ◽  
Renata Auricchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
The Impact

Organohalogen compounds in human breast milk from Republic of Buryatia, Russia

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyuna V. Tsydenova ◽  
Agus Sudaryanto ◽  
Natsuko Kajiwara ◽  
Tatsuya Kunisue ◽  
Valeriy B. Batoev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Organohalogen Compounds
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