scholarly journals Microencapsulated Tuna Oil Results in Higher Absorption of DHA in Toddlers

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Samaneh Ghasemi Fard ◽  
Su Peng Loh ◽  
Giovanni M. Turchini ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Glenn Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Tuna Oil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component for brain and visual acuity development during foetal and early postnatal life. A newly released directive under the European Commission stipulates DHA as a mandatory ingredient in infant formula. This poses challenges to manufacturers in preserving the stability and bioavailability of DHA at levels akin to human breast milk. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the bioavailability of microencapsulated omega-3 DHA formulations in healthy toddlers compared with high DHA fish oil for a one-month period and (b) to assess the effect of DHA supplementation on children’s sleep and cry patterns. Sixty toddlers were randomly allocated to four groups: 1. unfortified formula, 2. unfortified formula plus high DHA tuna oil, 3. fortified formula with dairy-based microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder, and 4. fortified formula with allergenic-free microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder. Bioavailability was assessed from both blood and faecal fatty acid levels. The results showed an enhanced bioavailability with significantly greater concentrations of blood DHA levels in formulas with microencapsulated powders. There were no significant effects of treatment on sleep and cry patterns. Application and delivery of microencapsulated DHA tuna oil powder in toddlers’ formula provided better bioavailability of the active DHA.

scholarly journals Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Quin ◽  
Deanna L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Human milk is the best nutritional choice for infants. However, in instances where breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are used as alternatives. While formula manufacturers attempt to mimic the performance of human breast milk, formula-fed babies consistently have higher incidences of infection from diarrheal diseases than those breastfed. Differences in disease susceptibility, progression and severity can be attributed, in part, to nutritional fatty acid differences between breast milk and formula. Despite advances in our understanding of breast milk properties, formulas still present major differences in their fatty acid composition when compared to human breast milk. In this review, we highlight the role of distinct types of dietary fatty acids in modulating host inflammation, both directly and through the microbiome-immune nexus. We present evidence that dietary fatty acids influence enteric disease susceptibility and therefore, altering the fatty acid composition in formula may be a potential strategy to improve infectious outcomes in formula-fed infants.

scholarly journals Adiponectin, Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein, and Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein: Proteins Newly Identified in Human Breast Milk

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Bronský ◽  
Michal Karpíšek ◽  
Eva Bronská ◽  
Marta Pechová ◽  
Barbora Jančíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein

Abstract Background: Breastfeeding may protect children from developing metabolic syndrome and other diseases later in life. We investigated novel proteins in human breast milk that might play a role in this process. Methods: We used ELISA to measure adiponectin, adipocyte and epidermal fatty acid binding proteins (AFABP, EFABP), and leptin concentrations in human breast milk obtained from 59 mothers 48 h after initiation of lactation. Using a questionnaire and medical records, we collected information about the mothers and newborns. Results: Mean (SE) adiponectin concentrations in breast milk were 13.7 (0.8), range 3.9–30.4 μg/L; AFABP concentrations 26.7 (4.4), range 1.2–137.0 μg/L; EFABP concentrations 18.1 (1.4), range 0.8–47.0 μg/L; and leptin concentrations 0.50 (0.05), range 0–1.37 μg/L. We found a significant correlation between AFABP and EFABP concentrations (r = 0.593, P <0.0001). Maternal EFABP concentrations were significantly higher in mothers who delivered boys than in those who delivered girls [21.7 (2.3) vs 15.4 (1.7) μg/L, P = 0.028] and correlated with newborn birth weight (r = 0.266, P = 0.045). Maternal leptin correlated with body weight before pregnancy (r = 0.272, P = 0.043) and at delivery (r = 0.370, P = 0.005), body mass index before pregnancy (r = 0.397, P = 0.003) and at delivery (r = 0.498, P <0.0001), body weight gain during pregnancy (r = 0.267, P = 0.047), and newborn gestational age (r = 0.266, P = 0.048). Leptin was significantly lower in mothers who delivered preterm vs term babies [0.30 (0.09) vs 0.60 (0.05) ug/L, P = 0.026]. Conclusions: Concentrations of adiponectin, AFABP, and EFABP in human breast milk are related to nutritional variables of mothers and newborns and thus may play a role in the protective effects of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Salmon Consumption during Pregnancy Alters Fatty Acid Composition and Secretory IgA Concentration in Human Breast Milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Urwin ◽  
Elizabeth A. Miles ◽  
Paul S. Noakes ◽  
Lefkothea-Stella Kremmyda ◽  
Maria Vlachava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Fatty Acid Composition of Human Breast Milk

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Rodkiewicz ◽  
Lars Ivar Hardell ◽  
Barbara Pawlikowska-Rojewska ◽  
Torsten Tuvemo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals Relationship between Fatty Acids Composition/Antioxidant Potential of Breast Milk and Maternal Diet: Comparison with Infant Formulas

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Codini ◽  
Carmela Tringaniello ◽  
Lina Cossignani ◽  
Antonio Boccuto ◽  
Alessandra Mirarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Human Breast

The fatty acid composition of human breast milk is relevant for the energy, immunity and eicosanoid production in infants. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of foods are essential for human health. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet and fatty acids composition as well as the antioxidant potential of breast milk from donors to human milk bank of Perugia’s hospital, Italy. Results were compared with infant formulas. We observed increased levels of total fatty acids and, in particular, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers fed on a vegetable and fruit-rich diet compared with a Mediterranean diet. In the same milk, a reduced antioxidant potential was found. All infant formulas resulted in richer total fatty acid content than human breast milk. Only some formulas were qualitatively similar to breast milk. Of note, the antioxidant potential of the formulas was higher or lower than the human milk with the exception of one sample. The antioxidant potential of four formulas was very high. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been shown to have a teratogenic effect and to increase the formation of metastases in adult. There are no data on the effects of excess antioxidants in the infants, but the possibility that they can be harmful cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals Impact of Storage Conditions on the Breast Milk Peptidome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2733
Author(s):  
Vanessa Howland ◽  
Maik Klaedtke ◽  
Johanna Ruhnau ◽  
Vishnu M. Dhople ◽  
Hans J. Grabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Degradation Of Peptides

Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.

Occurrence of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in human breast milk

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zelinková ◽  
O. Novotný ◽  
J. Schůrek ◽  
J. Velíšek ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Acid Esters
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