scholarly journals Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Breast Milk (BM-MDSC) Correlate with Gestational Age and Postnatal Age and Are Influenced by Infant’s Sex

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Natascha Köstlin-Gille ◽  
Lara-Antonia Flaig ◽  
Marco Ginzel ◽  
Jörg Arand ◽  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Causative Agents

Background: Infections are the main cause of death in preterm infants. Causative agents often descend from the intestinal flora of the infected neonate, indicating insufficient protection by the mucosal barrier. Breast milk (BM) contains different subsets of immune cells. We recently showed that BM contains significant numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)—immune cells that actively suppress pro-inflammatory immune responses—and hypothesized that the transfer of BM-MDSC may modulate the mucosal immunity of the newborn. Methods: Percentages of MDSC in the BM from mothers of 86 preterm infants between 23 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation during their first five postnatal weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry and correlated with maternal and infant characteristics. Results: Percentages of BM-MDSC positively correlated with gestational age and postnatal age. The expression of activation markers on BM-MDSC did not change with gestational age, but it decreased with postnatal age. Mothers who received antepartum tocolytics had lower percentages of BM-MDSC, and infant’s sex strongly influenced percentages of BM-MDSC. Conclusion: Our results point toward a role of BM-MDSC for immune regulation in the neonatal gut, making them a potential target of immune-based therapies shortly after birth.

Intestinal Flora in the Second Week of Life in Hospitalized Preterm Infants Fed Stored Frozen Breast Milk or a Proprietary Formula

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Christine Yang ◽  
John A. Kerner ◽  
Anne S. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intestinal Flora

scholarly journals A Complex Metabolic Network Confers Immunosuppressive Functions to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) within the Tumour Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2700
Author(s):  
Francesca Hofer ◽  
Gianna Di Sario ◽  
Chiara Musiu ◽  
Silvia Sartoris ◽  
Francesco De Sanctis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population among immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) that support cancer progression and resistance to therapy. During tumour progression, cancer cells modify their metabolism to sustain an increased energy demand to cope with uncontrolled cell proliferation and differentiation. This metabolic reprogramming of cancer establishes competition for nutrients between tumour cells and leukocytes and most importantly, among tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Thus, MDSCs that have emerged as one of the most decisive immune regulators of TME exhibit an increase in glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism and also an upregulation of enzymes that catabolise essential metabolites. This complex metabolic network is not only crucial for MDSC survival and accumulation in the TME but also for enhancing immunosuppressive functions toward immune effectors. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of MDSC-associated metabolic pathways that could facilitate therapeutic targeting of these cells during cancer progression.

scholarly journals Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Immune Microenvironment Promote Progression of Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Haiyan Sun ◽  
Ningning Zhu ◽  
Xianxian Wu ◽  
Zhilin Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is a fatal disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that, for a comprehensive understanding of AEG, studies should be conducted not only to investigate tumor cells, but also the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we collected AEG patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and used the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles. The levels of CD8+ T cells and M0 and M2 macrophages were relatively high in AEG tissues. M2 macrophages were abundant in G3 tumors, and neutrophils were associated with poor prognosis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive cells which share a similar origin to neutrophils and macrophages. We further analyzed the levels of MDSCs in AEG patients and healthy donors (HD) using flow cytometry. MDSC levels were elevated at tumor sites, with polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) being the predominant subtype. Circulating MDSCs partly represented cells at the tumor site. We observed that PMN-MDSC levels at tumor sites were positively correlated with advanced staging, low grade, lymph node metastasis, and HER2− status. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that activation of the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways in MDSCs may be a potential mechanism for cancer progression. Our studies provided a comprehensive perspective involving tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and detailed insights into the proportion of MDSCs in AEG and their clinical significance. Together, these findings may improve our current understanding of cancer progression involving tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME.

scholarly journals Modulation of Immunity by Antiangiogenic Molecules in Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Terme ◽  
Orianne Colussi ◽  
Elie Marcheteau ◽  
Corinne Tanchot ◽  
Eric Tartour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
New Class ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cytokines ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In the last decades a new class of therapeutic drugs have been developed that block tumor angiogenesis. These antiangiogenic molecules, which target VEGF or VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-kit, can act not only on endothelial cells but also on immune cells. Some antiangiogenic molecules inhibit the development of immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumors to escape the immune system (such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and immunosuppressive cytokines). These immunomodulatory effects must be characterized in detail to enable a better prescription of these treatments. In this paper we will focus on the impact of anti-angiogenic drugs on immunosuppression and their potential combination with immunotherapeutic strategies. Interestingly, immune parameters or their modulation during treatment could serve as potential biomarkers of response or resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies.

scholarly journals Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (GR-MDSC) in Breast Milk (BM); GR-MDSC Accumulate in Human BM and Modulate T-Cell and Monocyte Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Köstlin ◽  
Carolin Schoetensack ◽  
Julian Schwarz ◽  
Bärbel Spring ◽  
Alexander Marmé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Monocyte Function

scholarly journals Nutritional practices and growth of preterm infants in two neonatal units in the UK and Malaysia: a prospective exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001153
Author(s):  
Haslina Abdul Hamid ◽  
Lisa Szatkowski ◽  
Helen Budge ◽  
Fook-Choe Cheah ◽  
Shalini Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Weight For Age

ObjectiveTo explore differences in nutritional practices and growth outcomes among preterm infants in neonatal units in Malaysia and the UK.DesignProspective exploratory study of infants born at <34 weeks gestational age (GA).SettingTwo neonatal units, one in Malaysia and one in the UK (May 2019 to March 2020).MethodsData collected from birth until discharge and compared between units.ResultsFrom 100 infants included, median GA (IQR) was 31 (30–33) and mean±SD birth weight was 1549±444 g. There were more small-for-gestational age infants in Malaysian unit: 12/50 (24%) vs UK: 3/50 (6%), p=0.012 and more morbidities. More Malaysian infants received breast milk (Malaysia: 49 (98%) vs UK: 38 (76%), p=0.001), fortified breast milk (Malaysia: 43 (86%) vs UK: 13 (26%), p<0.001) and exclusive breast milk at discharge (Malaysia: 26 (52%) vs UK: 16 (32%), p=0.043). There was higher parenteral nutrition use among Malaysian infants (40/50 (80%)) vs UK (19/50 (38%)) (p<0.001) with higher protein intake (mean±SD Malaysia: 3.0±0.5 vs UK: 2.7±0.6 g/kg/d, p=0.004) in weeks 1–4 and smaller cumulative protein deficits (mean±SD Malaysia: 11.4±6.1 vs UK: 15.4±8.0 g/kg, p=0.006). There were no significant differences in short-term growth between units and more than half of the infants in both units had ≥1.28 changes in weight-for-age Z-score at discharge (p=0.841).ConclusionsAn exploratory comparison of practices showed differences in patient characteristics and nutritional practices which impacted growth. Future studies with larger sample sizes and detailed analysis of maternal characteristics and infants’ outcomes are needed for improving care of preterm infants in all settings.

scholarly journals Anti-Tumor Effects of Chinese Medicine Compounds by Regulating Immune Cells in Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Jingquan Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qian Ba
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

As the main cause of death in the world, cancer is one of the major health threats for humans. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has gained great attention in oncology due to the features of multi-targets, multi-pathways, and slight side effects. Moreover, lots of traditional Chinese medicine can exert immunomodulatory effects in vivo. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells, immune cells as well as other stromal cells often coexist. With the development of cancer, tumor cells proliferate uncontrollably, metastasize aggressively, and modulate the proportion and status of immune cells to debilitate the antitumor immunity. Reversal of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in cancer prevention and therapy. Immunotherapy has become the most promising strategy for cancer therapy. Chinese medicine compounds can stimulate the activation and function of immune cells, such as promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and inducing the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the effects of Chinese medicine compounds on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, including innate immune cells (dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and adaptive immune cells (CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells), and the various immunomodulatory roles of Chinese medicine compounds in cancer therapy such as improving tumor-derived inflammation, enhancing the immunity after surgery or chemotherapy, blocking the immune checkpoints, et al., aiming to provide more thoughts for the anti-tumor mechanisms and applications of Chinese medicine compounds in terms of tumor immunity.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Wang ◽  
Qian Tan ◽  
Yayi Hou ◽  
Huan Dou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cell ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Immature Cells

Diabetes is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia with or without insulin resistance. Its etiology is attributed to the combined action of genes, environment and immune cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is a heterogeneous population of immature cells with immunosuppressive ability. In recent years, different studies have debated the quantity, activity changes and roles of MDSC in the diabetic microenvironment. However, the emerging roles of MDSC have not been fully documented with regard to their interactions with diabetes. Here, the manifestations of MDSC and their subsets are reviewed with regard to the incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications. The possible drugs targeting MDSC are discussed with regard to their potential of treating diabetes. We believe that understanding MDSC will offer opportunities to explain pathological characteristics of different diabetes. MDSC also will be used for personalized immunotherapy of diabetes.

scholarly journals The Contribution of the Immune System in Bone Metastasis Pathogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Xiang ◽  
Daniele Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Disseminated Tumor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Metastasis

Bone metastasis is associated with significant morbidity for cancer patients and results in a reduced quality of life. The bone marrow is a fertile soil containing a complex composition of immune cells that may actually provide an immune-privileged niche for disseminated tumor cells to colonize and proliferate. In this unique immune milieu, multiple immune cells including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils are involved in the process of bone metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the crosstalk between immune cells in bone microenvironment and their involvement with cancer cell metastasis to the bone. Furthermore, we will highlight the anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral function of each immune cell type that contributes to bone metastasis. We will end with a discussion of current therapeutic strategies aimed at sensitizing immune cells.

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