scholarly journals Effects of Prolonged Whey Protein Supplementation and Resistance Training on Biomarkers of Vitamin B12 Status: A 1-Year Randomized Intervention in Healthy Older Adults (the CALM Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Eva Greibe ◽  
Søren Reitelseder ◽  
Rasmus L. Bechshøft ◽  
Jacob Bülow ◽  
Grith W. Højfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Study Population

We investigated the effect of long-term whey supplementation on biomarkers of B12 status in healthy older adults subjected to different schemes of supplements and exercise. The total study population examined at baseline consisted of 167 healthy older adults (age ≥ 65 year) who were randomized to 1-y intervention with two daily supplements of (1) whey protein (3.1 µg B12/day) (WHEY-ALL), (2) collagen (1.3 µg B12/day) (COLL), or (3) maltodextrin (0.3 µg B12/day) (CARB). WHEY-ALL was comprised of three groups, who performed heavy resistance training (HRTW), light resistance training (LITW), or no training (WHEY). Dietary intake was assessed through 3-d dietary records. For the longitudinal part of the study, we included only the participants (n = 110), who met the criteria of ≥ 50% compliance to the nutritional intervention and ≥ 66% and ≥ 75% compliance to the heavy and light training, respectively. Fasting blood samples collected at baseline and 12 months and non-fasting samples collected at 6 and 18 months were examined for methylmalonic acid, B12 and holotranscobalamin. At baseline, the study population (n = 167) had an overall adequate dietary B12 intake of median (range) 5.3 (0.7–65) µg/day and median B12 biomarker values within reference intervals. The whey intervention (WHEY-ALL) caused an increase in B12 (P < 0.0001) and holotranscobalamin (P < 0.0001). In addition, methylmalonic acid decreased in the LITW group (P = 0.04). No change in B12 biomarkers was observed during the intervention with collagen or carbohydrate, and the training schedules induced no changes. In conclusion, longer-term daily whey intake increased plasma B12 and holotranscobalamin in older individuals. No effect of intervention with collagen or carbohydrate or different training regimes was observed. Interestingly, the biomarkers of B12 status appeared to be affected by fasting vs. non-fasting conditions during sample collection.

scholarly journals Effects of Milk Protein in Resistance Training-Induced Lean Mass Gains for Older Adults Aged ≥ 60 y: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Ling-Pi Huang ◽  
Giancarlo Condello ◽  
Chia-Hua Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

This review evaluated the effects of milk-based protein supplementation on resistance training (RT)-induced gains in lean body mass or fat free mass (LBM/FFM) and muscle strength for older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing all types of milk-based protein supplements with control supplements for the training older adults at mean age ≥ 60 y. Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, whilst seventeen studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. A dose of 10–15 g of milk protein supplementation was sufficient to augment RT-induced LBM/FFM. Intriguingly, four out of five studies show negative effect of whey protein supplementation at the same dose range (or even higher) compared with control supplementation (−0.49 kg, 95% CI: −0.69, −0.29, I2 = 14%, Z = 4.82, p < 0.001). For milk-based protein supplementation, RT-induced improvements in muscle strength were observed only when the protein doses ≥22 g (+0.66 kg, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.25, I2 = 0%, Z = 2.18, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Milk protein is superior to whey protein in enhancing RT-induced LBM/FFM gains for older adults. Optimal daily protein intake can dilute the protein supplementation effect.

RESISTANCE TRAINING AND CO-SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CREATINE AND PROTEIN IN OLDER SUBJECTS WITH FRAILTY

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J. COLLINS ◽  
G. LONGHURST ◽  
H. ROSCHEL ◽  
B. GUALANO
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Exploratory Trial ◽  
Older Subjects

Background: Studies assessing the effects co-supplementation with creatine and protein, along with resistance training, in older individuals with frailty are lacking. Objectives: This is an exploratory trial from the Pro-Elderly study (“Protein Intake and Resistance Training in Aging”) aimed at gathering knowledge on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of co-supplementation with creatine and protein supplementation, combined with resistance training, in older individuals with frailty. Design: A 14-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo controlled exploratory trial. Setting, participants: The subjects were randomly assigned to whey protein and creatine co-supplementation (WHEY+CR) or whey protein supplementation (WHEY) group. All subjects undertook a supervised exercise training program and were assessed at baseline and after 14 weeks. Measurements: Muscle function, body composition, blood parameters, and self-reported adverse events were assessed. Results: No interaction effects (between-group differences) were observed for any dependent variables (p > 0.05 for all). However, there were main time-effects in handgrip (WHEY+CR = 26.65 ± 31.29; WHEY = 13.84 ± 14.93 Kg; p = 0.0005), timed-up-and-go (WHEY+CR = -11.20 ± 9.37; WHEY = -17.76 ± 21.74 sec; p = 0.006), and timed-stands test (WHEY+CR = 47.50 ± 35.54; WHEY = 46.87 ± 24.23 reps; p = 0.0001), suggesting that WHEY+CR and WHEY were similarly effective in improving muscle function. All of the subjects showed improvements in at least two of the three functional tests, regardless of their treatments. Body composition and blood parameters were not changed (p > 0.05). No severe adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Co-supplementation with creatine and whey protein was well-tolerable and free of adverse events in older subjects with frailty undertaking resistance training. Creatine supplementation did not augment the adaptive effects of resistance training along with whey protein on body composition or muscle function in this population. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01890382.

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Locus coeruleus integrity in old age is selectively related to memories linked with salient negative events

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 2228-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Hämmerer ◽  
Martina F. Callaghan ◽  
Alexandra Hopkins ◽  
Julian Kosciessa ◽  
Matthew Betts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Noradrenergic Modulation

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the principal origin of noradrenaline in the brain. LC integrity varies considerably across healthy older individuals, and is suggested to contribute to altered cognitive functions in aging. Here we test this hypothesis using an incidental memory task that is known to be susceptible to noradrenergic modulation. We used MRI neuromelanin (NM) imaging to assess LC structural integrity and pupillometry as a putative index of LC activation in both younger and older adults. We show that older adults with reduced structural LC integrity show poorer subsequent memory. This effect is more pronounced for emotionally negative events, in accord with a greater role for noradrenergic modulation in encoding salient or aversive events. In addition, we found that salient stimuli led to greater pupil diameters, consistent with increased LC activation during the encoding of such events. Our study presents novel evidence that a decrement in noradrenergic modulation impacts on specific components of cognition in healthy older adults. The findings provide a strong motivation for further investigation of the effects of altered LC integrity in pathological aging.

Effect of Progressive Resistance Training on Circulating Adipogenesis-, Myogenesis-, and Inflammation-Related microRNAs in Healthy Older Adults: An Exploratory Study

Gerontology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-570
Author(s):  
Hung-Wen Liu ◽  
Hao-Chien Cheng ◽  
Shun-Hsi Tsai ◽  
Wen-Hsien Sun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Functional and physiological adaptations induced by resistance training have been extensively studied in older adults. However, microRNA (miRNA) as the novel regulator in protective effects remains poorly understood. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of an exploratory study was to analyze the response of a panel of circulating miRNAs to adaptations mediated by resistance training. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Ten healthy older adults (age: 67.6 ± 2.2 years, 7 women and 3 men) without previous experience in resistance training were recruited. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine circulating miRNA responses to chronic resistance training. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After the 12-week training, physical functions including grip strength, lower body strength and endurance, and walking capacity were improved in the older adults, while the serum levels of leptin (from 18.1 ± 20.0 to 14.9 ± 17.6 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.029) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα; from 4.4 ± 0.6 to 4.0 ± 0.6 pg/mL, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were significantly decreased. In addition, adipogenesis-related miRNAs (miR-103a-3p, -103b, -143-5p, -146b-3p, -146b-5p, -17-5p, -181a-2-3p, -181b-5p, -199a-5p, -204-3p, and -378c), anti-adipogenesis-related miRNAs (miR-155-3p, -448, and -363-3p), myogenesis-related miRNAs (miR-125b-1-3p, -128-3p, -133a-3p, 155-3p, -181a-2-3p, -181b-5p, -199a-5p, -223-3p, and -499a-5p), and inflammation-related miRNAs (miR-146b-3p, -146b-5p, -155-3p, -181a-2-3p, and -181b-5p) were changed significantly in the older adults after training (fold change &#x3e;2, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The log<sub>2</sub> fold change of miRNA-125-1-3p was inversely correlated with delta walking time (<i>R</i> = –0.685, <i>p</i> = 0.029) and change in insulin-like growth factor 1 (<i>R</i> = –0.644, <i>p</i> = 0.044). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results can help explain the link between specific circulating miRNAs and beneficial effects of resistance training on functional and physiological adaptations in older adults.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga J. G. Schiepers ◽  
Martin P. J. van Boxtel ◽  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Jelle Jolles ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Long-term supplementation with folic acid may improve cognitive performance in older individuals. The relationship between folate status and cognitive performance might be mediated by changes in methylation capacity, as methylation reactions are important for normal functioning of the brain. Although aberrant DNA methylation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, the relationship between DNA methylation status and non-pathological cognitive functioning in human subjects has not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the associations between global DNA methylation and key domains of cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. Global DNA methylation, defined as the percentage of methylated cytosine to total cytosine, was measured in leucocytes by liquid chromatography–MS/MS, in 215 men and women, aged 50–70 years, who participated in the Folic Acid and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (FACIT) study (clinical trial registration number NCT00110604). Cognitive performance was assessed by means of the Visual Verbal Word Learning Task, the Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test, the Concept Shifting Test, the Letter–Digit Substitution Test and the Verbal Fluency Test. Using hierarchical linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, level of education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, erythrocyte folate concentration and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C → T genotype, we found that global DNA methylation was not related to cognitive performance on any of the domains measured. The present study results do not support the hypothesis that global DNA methylation, as measured in leucocytes, might be associated with cognitive functioning in healthy older individuals.

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