scholarly journals Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Margret Moré ◽  
Aouatef Bellamine
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines such as phosphatidylcholine, choline, betaine, or L-carnitine. Fish intake provides a direct significant source of TMAO. Human observational studies previously reported a positive relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic diseases. Discrepancies and inconsistencies of recent investigations and previous studies questioned the role of TMAO in these diseases. Several animal studies reported neutral or even beneficial effects of TMAO or its precursors in cardiovascular disease model systems, supporting the clinically proven beneficial effects of its precursor, L-carnitine, or a sea-food rich diet (naturally containing TMAO) on cardiometabolic health. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and epidemiological evidence on the effects of TMAO, in order to shed some light on the role of TMAO in cardiometabolic diseases, particularly as related to the microbiome.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Common Food Constituents on Cardiovascular Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Yang ◽  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Miao Hu ◽  
Richard Walden ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Cocoa Tea

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is considerable interest in the role of dietary constituents and supplements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. We reviewed the major publications related to potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes of some common dietary constituents: carotenoids, flavonoid-rich cocoa, tea, red wine and grapes, coffee, omega-3 fatty acids, and garlic. Increased intake of some of these has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality or reduced incidence of myocardial infraction, stroke, and hypertension. However, although the evidence from observational studies is supportive of beneficial effects for most of these foodstuffs taken as part of the diet, potential benefits from the use of supplements derived from these natural products remain largely inconclusive.

scholarly journals A multicarotenoid beadlet for human nutrition - proof of concept of in vitro timed release.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Gellenbeck ◽  
Dawna Salter-Venzon ◽  
Rajendra Lala ◽  
Jayanthi Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Since the 1980's when the predominate focus of study and use of carotenoids in human nutritional formulations was solely on beta-carotene, there has been a steady increase in research aimed to understand the role of a wide variety of carotenoids in human health. This work has increasingly demonstrated the benefits of a number of carotenoids, and there has been a corresponding increase in the number of carotenoids provided in nutritional supplements (multicarotenoids). Numerous published observations in both human and animal studies suggest significant interaction and competition between various carotenoids during absorption and metabolism, resulting in the inhibition of uptake of one over the other. This competition has the end result of reducing the beneficial effects of the inhibited carotenoid. To limit such competition and maximize carotenoid uptakes, a layered beadlet was designed to release a defined ratio of carotenoids sequentially. Preliminary dissolution testing is presented showing the release profile in simulated digestive conditions of a combination of beta-carotene, alpha carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and astaxanthin derived from natural sources. Comparison is made to an immediate release beadlet formulation using the same combination of carotenoids. These results will be used to guide proof of concept clinical testing for effectiveness in humans.

SGLT2 inhibition for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and NAFLD

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Ala
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the latest class of anti-diabetic medications. They prevent glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule to decrease blood sugar. Several animal studies revealed that SGLT-2 is profoundly involved in the inflammatory response, fibrogenesis and regulation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Likewise, SGLT-2 inhibitors markedly attenuated inflammation and fibrogenesis and improved the function of damaged organ in animal studies, observational studies and clinical trials. SGLT-2 inhibitors can decrease blood pressure and ameliorate hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. Likewise, they improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well. Meanwhile, they protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and improve micro- and macroalbuminuria. SGLT-2 inhibitors can reprogram numerous signaling pathways to improve NAFLD, cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. For instance, they enhance lipolysis, ketogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy while they attenuate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrogenesis. This review explains the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on NAFLD, cardiovascular and renal diseases and dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms in detail. This narrative review explains the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on NAFLD, cardiovascular and renal diseases using the results of latest observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses. Thereafter, it dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the clinical effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on these diseases.

scholarly journals Edible insects as a source of food bioactives and their potential health effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Lange ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Entomophagy (consumption of insects) is an issue of global nutritional and environmental interest. The nutritional value of insects appears to be high, since they are rich in protein and fat and provide a range of vitamins and minerals. Edible insects contain similar amounts of protein to conventional meat and higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Due to their high content of protein, micronutrients and fiber, insects could become a valuable alternative to food derived from other animals. The findings of various in vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest beneficial effects of entomophagy with respect to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and non-communicable diseases as well as immune functions and carcinogenesis. Edible insects appear to be a promising and insufficiently explored source of macronutrients, micronutrients and food bioactives. In the course of time, some edible insects may meet the criteria of functional food ingredients. However, there is a significant lack of research investigating health outcomes in humans. The available evidence in humans, derived from randomized controlled trials, suggests a role of edible insects in the promotion of mineral status and the modulation of gut microbiota, with some prebiotic effects. High-quality clinical studies assessing efficacy, oral intake safety and allergy risk are needed.

Hydroxytyrosol: Emerging Trends in Potential Therapeutic Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 2157-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Lopez de las Hazas ◽  
Laura Rubio ◽  
Alba Macia ◽  
Maria Jose Motilva
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Emerging Trends

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and its derivatives represent the minor components of Virgin Olive Oil (VOO) that are of great interest for their pharmacological properties and among the most widely researched natural antioxidant compounds. In this review, the occurrence and metabolic fate of HT and its precursors are presented prior to discussing its beneficial effects on health. Bioavailability studies show that the metabolites detected in plasma depend on the model used (animal or human), the HT source (simple molecule or complex precursors) and the dose administered. However, in all cases HT sulphate appears to be the most ubiquitous metabolite in biofluids and it seems probable that it is responsible to a great extent for HT biological effects. Epidemiological evidence of HT and its derivatives against such lifestyle-associated pathologies as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is reviewed together with the newest perspectives on the mechanisms of action based on in-vitro and animal studies. According to the reviewed data, HT and its precursors could have the potential clinical use in cardiovascular diseases; more epidemiological data is needed to demonstrate their neurodegenerative diseases and cancer prevention.

scholarly journals The role of fish intake on asthma in children: A meta-analysis of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Papamichael ◽  
S. K. Shrestha ◽  
C. Itsiopoulos ◽  
B. Erbas
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Asthma In Children

Review of Constipation Treatment Methods with Emphasis on Laxative Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Shamsi Abbasalizadeh ◽  
Behzad Ebrahimi ◽  
Aslan Azizi ◽  
Rogaye Dargahi ◽  
Maryam Tayebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Exercise

Constipation is a common public health concern experienced by all individuals during their life affecting the quality of life. In this paper, we aimed to provide an overview of the existing evidence regarding the role of food ingredients, including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, and flax-seed in constipation treatment. We searched Scopus, Pub Med, and Science Direct by using the keywords, “laxative foods” and “constipation”, for searching studies assessing laxative food ingredients and their beneficial effects on constipation treatment and/or control. Lifestyle modifications such as increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake and daily exercise are the proposed first line treatments for constipation. Optimizing ‘diet’ as an efficient lifestyle factor may contribute to the well-being of patients. The use of laxative food ingredients including bran, prune, fig, kiwifruit, flax-seed, probiotics, and prebiotics is a convenient alternative to cope with constipation. According to previous findings, laxative food ingredients could be considered as effective treatments for subjects suffering from constipation. Many studies have assessed the pharmacological and non-pharmacological roles of these ingredients in treating constipation, however, their importance has not been thoroughly investigated.

Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Purohith ◽  
Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy ◽  
Nanjunda S. Shivananju
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.

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