scholarly journals Comparison of Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid Versus Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fish Oil Supplementation on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Normolipidemic Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hong Yang ◽  
Marcelo Amar ◽  
Maureen Sampson ◽  
Amber B. Courville ◽  
Alexander V. Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind

Background: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have both shared and different cardiovascular effects, and commonly used fish oil supplements have considerably varied EPA/DHA ratios. Aims: We compared the effects of fish oil supplements with different EPA/DHA ratios on lipoprotein metabolism. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized cross-over study, normolipidemic adults (n = 30) consumed 12 g/day of EPA-rich (EPA/DHA: 2.3) or DHA-rich (EPA/DHA: 0.3) fish oil for 8-weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. Results: Both fish oil supplements similarly lowered plasma TG levels and TG-related NMR parameters versus baseline (p < 0.05). There were no changes in plasma cholesterol-related parameters due to either fish oil, although on-treatment levels for LDL particle number were slightly higher for DHA-rich oil compared with EPA-rich oil (p < 0.05). Both fish oil supplements similarly altered HDL subclass profile and proteome, and down regulated HDL proteins related to inflammation, with EPA-rich oil to a greater extent. Furthermore, EPA-rich oil increased apoM abundance versus DHA-rich oil (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, fish oil supplements with varied EPA/DHA ratios had similar effects on total lipids/lipoproteins, but differences were observed in lipoprotein subfraction composition and distribution, which could impact on the use of EPA versus DHA for improving cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oils: differential associations with lipid responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Leigh-Firbank ◽  
Anne M. Minihane ◽  
David S. Leake ◽  
John W. Wright ◽  
Margaret C. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Fish-oil supplementation can reduce circulating triacylglycerol (TG) levels and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess independent associations between changes in platelet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fasting and postprandial (PP) lipoprotein concentrations and LDL oxidation status, following fish-oil intervention. Fifty-five mildly hypertriacylglycerolaemic (TG 1·5–4·0 mmol/l) men completed a double-blind placebo controlled cross over study, where individuals consumed 6 g fish oil (3 g EPA+DHA) or 6 g olive oil (placebo)/d for two 6-week intervention periods, with a 12-week wash-out period in between. Fish-oil intervention resulted in a significant increase in the platelet phospholipid EPA (+491 %,P<0·001) and DHA (+44 %,P<0·001) content and a significant decrease in the arachidonic acid (-10 %,P<0·001) and γ-linolenic acid (-24 %,P<0·001) levels. A 30 % increase inex vivoLDL oxidation (P<0·001) was observed. In addition, fish oil resulted in a significant decrease in fasting and PP TG levels (P<0·001), PP non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, and in the percentage LDL as LDL-3 (P=0·040), and an increase in LDL-cholesterol (P=0·027). In multivariate analysis, changes in platelet phospholipid DHA emerged as being independently associated with the rise in LDL-cholesterol, accounting for 16 % of the variability in this outcome measure (P=0·030). In contrast, increases in platelet EPA were independently associated with the reductions in fasting (P=0·046) and PP TG (P=0·023), and PP NEFA (P=0·015), explaining 15–20 % and 25 % of the variability in response respectively. Increases in platelet EPA+DHA were independently and positively associated with the increase in LDL oxidation (P=0·011). EPA and DHA may have differential effects on plasma lipids in mildly hypertriacylglycerolaemic men.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Oxidized Eicosapentaenoic Acid Sodium Salt

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. LPI.S10862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey D. Jordan ◽  
Rita K. Upmacis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with 20 carbon atoms and 5 carbon-carbon double bonds. Mammalian cells cannot synthesize long chain PUFAs such as EPA de novo, and, thus, the most effective way to enrich cells in EPA is by dietary intake of fish oils. EPA supplementation causes an increase in its concentration in plasma lipids and in cell membrane phospholipids. Many beneficial effects of EPA supplementation have been noted, including (1) the potential to sensitize cancerous tumors towards chemotherapy, (2) the promotion of cardiovascular health, and (3) the alleviation of some mental disorders, but results from clinical trials have sometimes been disparate. In this study, we report the use of mass spectrometry to investigate the autoxidation of EPA, thereby demonstrating the formation of a variety of oxidized products. The oxidative stress of the patient may affect the response to EPA and may, in part, explain divergent results from clinical trials.

scholarly journals Serial circulating omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and healthy ageing among older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study: prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi TM Lai ◽  
Marcia C de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽  
Barbara McKnight ◽  
Xiaoling Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Omega 3

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the longitudinal association between serial biomarker measures of circulating omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) levels and healthy ageing.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingFour communities in the United States (Cardiovascular Health Study) from 1992 to 2015.Participants2622 adults with a mean (SD) age of 74.4 (4.8) and with successful healthy ageing at baseline in 1992-93.ExposureCumulative levels of plasma phospholipid n3-PUFAs were measured using gas chromatography in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06, expressed as percentage of total fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid from plants and eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid from seafoood.Main outcome measureHealthy ageing defined as survival without chronic diseases (ie, cardiovascular disease, cancer, lung disease, and severe chronic kidney disease), the absence of cognitive and physical dysfunction, or death from other causes not part of the healthy ageing outcome after age 65. Events were centrally adjudicated or determined from medical records and diagnostic tests.ResultsHigher levels of long chain n3-PUFAs were associated with an 18% lower risk (95% confidence interval 7% to 28%) of unhealthy ageing per interquintile range after multivariable adjustments with time-varying exposure and covariates. Individually, higher eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (but not docosahexaenoic acid) levels were associated with a lower risk: 15% (6% to 23%) and 16% (6% to 25%), respectively. α-linolenic acid from plants was not noticeably associated with unhealthy ageing (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.02).ConclusionsIn older adults, a higher cumulative level of serially measured circulating n3-PUFAs from seafood (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (but not docosahexaenoic acid from seafood or α-linolenic acid from plants) was associated with a higher likelihood of healthy ageing. These findings support guidelines for increased dietary consumption of n3-PUFAs in older adults.

Biomass Production and Fatty Acids Long Chain Polyunsaturated Omega 3 (LC-PUFAs) Chilean Strain Using Thraustochytrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
David Silva ◽  
Gabriel Cortínez ◽  
Benita H. Quilodrán
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Protists ◽  
Long Chain

Global utilization of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has increased steadily in the last decade which has imposed a huge demand for fish oil as it is currently the only source capable of sustaining the enormous commercial requirements this input worldwide. They are currently using various microorganisms to produce single cells oil (SCO) high in LC-PUFAs, within which highlights the thraustochytrids (TH). The TH is a group of marine protists (pseudofungi) with capacity to produce LC-PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this study the chilean VAL-B1 strain was grown in glucose, starch and glycerol being obtained biomass production and LC-PUFAs. Biomass values ​​obtained were 1.02 ± 0.32 g/L, 1.25 ± 0.44 g/L and 1.44 ± 0.27 g/L of glucose, glycerol and starch respectively. The profile of LC-PUFAs showed a percentage of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose of 59.34%, 61.50% in starch and glycerol of 47.86%. The greater this value was to omega-3 DHA when starch was used, with 68.16 mg/g being greater than 45.77 mg/g glycerol and 63.89 mg/g in glucose. Therefore, we conclude that VAL-B1 produces more biomass has greater value of omega-3 LC-PUFAs and greater concentration of DHA when starch is used as a source of substrate for cultures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lipid Profiles and the Use of Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid in Professional Football Players

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Yates ◽  
John Norwig ◽  
Joseph C. Maroon ◽  
Jeffrey Bost ◽  
James P. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Background: Recent research showed 82% of 233 retired National Football League players under age 50 had abnormal narrowing and blockages in arteries compared to the general population of the same age. It has been suggested that early screening and intervention in this at-risk population be a priority. Hypothesis: Omega-3 essential fatty acid has been shown to improve cardiovascular lipid risk factors and should improve lipid profiles in professional football players to help reduce their recently shown accelerated risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Methods: A total of 36 active national football players were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the first group (n = 20) was provided fish oil capsules (2200 mg of mixed docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and 360 mg of other omega-3s), and the second group (n = 16) served as controls during a 60-day trial. Vertical Auto Profile cholesterol tests directly measuring serum low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and other subfractions were performed. Compliance, side effects, and seafood consumption data were also collected. Baseline, midpoint, and poststudy blood work measured plasma docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Results: Treatment increased high-density lipoprotein (average percent change: +25.96, control +14.16), decreased triglycerides treatment (–8.06, control +43.98), very low-density lipoprotein treatment (–13.98, control +23.18), intermediate density lipoprotein (–27.58, control +12.07), remnant lipoproteins (–23.86, control +8.33), and very low-density lipoprotein-3 (–17.10, control +7.77). An average increase of 106.67% for docosahexaenoic acid and 365.82% for eicosapentaenoic acid compared to control was also shown. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation significantly improved the lipid profile of active players randomized to treatment. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation is an effective way to increase eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels in plasma and should be considered as a method to improve modifiable cardiovascular risk lipid factors in professional football players. Clinical Relevance: A prospective study examining the effects of 60 days of a highly purified fish oil supplementation in professional football players.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil on erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and blood lipid levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Milte ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Alison M. Hill ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Relationship

Consumption of long-chainn-3 PUFA, particularly DHA, has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors but the intake required to achieve benefits is unclear. We sought to determine the relationship between DHA intake, increases in erythrocyte DHA content and changes in blood lipids. A total of sixty-seven subjects (thirty-six male, thirty-one female, mean age 53 years) with fasting serum TAG ≥ 1·1 mmol/l and BMI>25 kg/m2completed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel intervention. Subjects consumed 2, 4 or 6 g/d of DHA-rich fish oil (26 % DHA, 6 % EPA) or a placebo (Sunola oil). Fasting blood lipid concentrations and fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. For every 1 g/d increase in DHA intake, there was a 23 % reduction in TAG (mean baseline concentration 1·9 (sem0·1) mmol/l), 4·4 % increase in HDL-cholesterol and 7·1 % increase in LDL-cholesterol. Erythrocyte DHA content increased in proportion to the dose of DHA consumed (r0·72,P < 0·001) and the increase after 12 weeks was linearly related to reductions in TAG (r− 0·38,P < 0·01) and increases in total cholesterol (r0·39,P < 0·01), LDL-cholesterol (r0·33,P < 0·01) and HDL-cholesterol (r0·30,P = 0·02). The close association between incorporation of DHA in erythrocytes and its effects on serum lipids highlights the importance of erythrocyte DHA as an indicator of cardiovascular health status.

scholarly journals Efficient Enrichment of Retinal DHA with Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: Potential Application for Retinopathies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3114
Author(s):  
Dhavamani Sugasini ◽  
Poorna C. R. Yalagala ◽  
Papasani V. Subbaiah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Although decreased retinal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a known risk factor for retinopathy, currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements, which are absorbed as triacylglycerol (TAG), do not significantly enrich retinal DHA. We tested the hypothesis that lysophospahtidylcholine (LPC)-DHA which is absorbed as phospholipid, would efficiently increase retinal DHA because of the presence of LPC-specific transporter at the blood–retina barrier. In normal rats, LPC-DHA and di-DHA phosphatidylcholine (PC), which generates LPC-DHA during digestion, increased retinal DHA by 101% and 45%, respectively, but TAG-DHA had no significant effect at the same dose (40 mg/kg, 30 days). In normal mice, both sn-1 DHA LPC and sn-2 DHA LPC increased retinal DHA by 80%, but free DHA had no effect. Lipase-treated krill oil (which contains LPC-DHA and LPC-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), but not normal krill oil (which has little LPC), increased both retinal DHA (+76%) and EPA (100-fold). Fish oil, however, had no effect, whether lipase-treated or not. These studies show that retinal DHA can be efficiently increased by dietary LPC-DHA, but not by TAG-DHA or free DHA. Since DHA is known to be protective against retinopathy and other eye diseases, this study provides a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention/treatment of these diseases.

scholarly journals Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Aparecida Fagundes Queiroz Bortolozo ◽  
Elenise Sauer ◽  
Marli da Silva Santos ◽  
Sueli Regina Baggio ◽  
Guataçara dos Santos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of supplementing the diet of women during pregnancy and lactation with fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, and its influence on the composition of human milk. METHODS: The sample comprised 60 women aged 18 to 38 years with appropriate dietary pattern, all of them healthy and nonsmokers. The intervention consisted of a daily supplementation with fish oil capsules that corresponded to a daily intake of 315mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 80mg of eicosapentaenoic acid during the third trimester of pregnancy and the first three months postpartum. The total fat content and fatty acid profile of their milk were determined by creamatocrit and gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the fat contents of the study (fish oil capsules) and control (capsules containing corn starch as filler) groups. However, the milk of women taking fish oil contained higher docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels 30 and 60 days after delivery. These results demonstrate that high omega-3 intake can influence its concentration in human milk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period, it is appropriate for pregnant and breastfeeding women to supplement on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be done by adding fish oil to the regular diet.

Effects of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on dystrophic mdx mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Fogagnolo Mauricio ◽  
Elaine Minatel ◽  
Humberto Santo Neto ◽  
Maria Julia Marques
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Mdx Mice
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