scholarly journals Nutrition, Health, and Disease: Role of Selected Marine and Vegetal Nutraceuticals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lola Corzo ◽  
Lucía Fernández-Novoa ◽  
Iván Carrera ◽  
Olaia Martínez ◽  
Susana Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Food Biotechnology ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Bioactive Food Components ◽  
Health Demands ◽  
The Individual

The investigation of new alternatives for disease prevention through the application of findings from dietary and food biotechnology is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. New nutritional trends and the need to meet social and health demands have inspired the concept of functional foods and nutraceuticals which, in addition to their overall nutritional value, present certain properties for the maintenance of health. However, these effects are not universal. Nutrigenetics describes how the genetic profile has an impact on the response of the body to bioactive food components by influencing their absorption, metabolism, and site of action. The EbioSea Program, for biomarine prospection, and the Blue Butterfly Program, for the screening of vegetable-derived bioproducts, have identified a new series of nutraceuticals, devoid of side effects at conventional doses, with genotype-dependent preventive and therapeutic activity. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide the opportunity to explore the inter-individual differences in the metabolism of and response to nutrients, achieving optimal results. This fact leads to the concept of personalized nutrition as opposed to public health nutrition. Consequently, the development and prescription of nutraceuticals according to the individual genetic profile is essential to improve their effectiveness in the prevention and natural treatment of prevalent diseases.

scholarly journals Worms, worms, everywhere, and not a one to see: The connotative role of worms in Shakespeare’s canon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Christine Reid
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Individual

The study of animals in Shakespeare’s collected works has expanded over the last 30 years. While a number of different animals have been discussed, the importance of the worm in the larger scope of the canon has largely been ignored. By focusing on the perception and presentation of worms in relation to cultural ideas of death, corruption, and consumption, ideas surrounding the body and soul are brought to the forefront. Worms are integral to our understanding of the Early Modern cultural constructs of the body and soul as the presence of worms reveals the state of the individual or the broader environment. Overall, the depiction of worms in Shakespeare’s works serves as a way to understand the metaphysical processes surrounding death and corruption.

scholarly journals Role of Stress on Women’s Health: Causes and Prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Saleem ◽  
Shamsul Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intense Research

In recent years, stress has been the focus of intense research attention. Stress is a misfit between the demands of the environment and the individual’s abilities; the imbalance may be corrected, according to the situation, either by adjusting external demands to fit the individual or by strengthening the individual’s ability to cope or both. Everyone is exposed to stress, and a great number of people have experienced the traces of stress. Women are socialized to be the caretakers of others. More women than men have both a career outside the home and continue to try to juggle traditional responsibilities after hours. It has often been shown that women are the worriers and often do not make time to manage their health and take care of themselves. Stress is on the rise for women as they struggle to find a balance between their homes and careers. The recession has caused a greater need for women to work outside of the home to support their families. Health is a general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor; it will be reflected by good or poor health. A poor health affects our mind, as a stressed life affects our health. The struggle that women confront each days trying to achieve the standards of being a daughter, women, wife, mother, house, and/ or career keeper puts us in a vulnerable position of presenting stress effects that may affect our health. And there are some preventive measures to cope with stress such as meditation, yoga, quality time etc.

Pathogenesis as a problem of functional incompetence and imbalance in the population of T-lymphocytes

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Н.М. Геворкян ◽  
Н.В. Тишевская
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Health And Disease

Цель обзора - анализ клеточной основы патогенеза различных заболеваний в свете регуляторной роли Т-лимфоцитов. Рассматривается роль поликлонального многообразия популяции Т-лимфоцитов, особых свойств этих клеток-представителей гомеостатической системы организма в физиологических процессах в норме и при патологии. Указаны перспективы терапевтического и профилактического воздействий, связанные с использованием суммарных РНК нормальных лимфоидных клеток аллогенной и ксеногенной природы. Указана также возможность создания с помощью лимфоцитарных суммарных РНК адекватных моделей заболеваний человека на пути к развитию персонифицированной медицины. This review provides an analysis of the cellular basis of the pathogenesis of various diseases in the light of the regulatory role of T-lymphocytes. The role of the polyclonal diversity of the population of T-lymphocytes, the special properties of these cells-representatives of the homeostatic system of the body, in physiological processes in health and disease is considered. Prospects for therapeutic and prophylactic effects associated with the use of total RNA of normal lymphoid cells of allogeneic and xenogenic origin are indicated. The possibility of creating, using lymphocytic total RNA, adequate models of human diseases for the development of personalized medicine is also indicated.

scholarly journals Molecular Politics, Wearables, and the Aretaic Shift in Biopolitical Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Peter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

Since the publication of Nikolas Rose’s ‘The Politics of Life Itself’ (2001) there has been vivid discussion about how biopolitical governance has changed over the last decades. This article uses what Rose terms ‘molecular politics’, a new socio-technical grip on the human body, as a contrasting background to ask anew his question ‘What, then, of biopolitics today?’ – albeit focusing not on advances in genetics, microbiology, and pharmaceutics, as he does, but on the rapid proliferation of wearables and other sensor-software gadgets. In both cases, new technologies providing information about the individual body are the common ground for governance and optimization, yet for the latter, the target is habits of moving, eating and drinking, sleeping, working and relaxing. The resulting profound differences are carved out along four lines: ‘somatic identities’ and a modified understanding of the body; the role of ‘expert knowledge’ compared to that of networks of peers and self-experimentation; the ‘types of intervention’ by which new technologies become effective in our everyday life; and the ‘post-discipline character’ of molecular biopolitics. It is argued that, taken together, these differences indicate a remarkable shift which could be termed aretaic: its focus is not ‘life itself’ but ‘life as it is lived’, and its modality are new everyday socio-technical entanglements and their more-than-human rationalities of (self-)governance.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

scholarly journals Going Beyond Bacteria: Uncovering the Role of Archaeome and Mycobiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashar Houshyar ◽  
Luca Massimino ◽  
Luigi Antonio Lamparelli ◽  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Federica Ungaro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifaceted class of relapsing-remitting chronic inflammatory conditions where microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role during its onset and progression. The human microbiota is a rich community of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, and archaea, and is an integral part of the body influencing its overall homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights dysbiosis of the archaeome and mycobiome to influence the overall intestinal microbiota composition in health and disease, including IBD, although they remain some of the least understood components of the gut microbiota. Nonetheless, their ability to directly impact the other commensals, or the host, reasonably makes them important contributors to either the maintenance of the mucosal tissue physiology or to chronic intestinal inflammation development. Therefore, the full understanding of the archaeome and mycobiome dysbiosis during IBD pathogenesis may pave the way to the discovery of novel mechanisms, finally providing innovative therapeutic targets that can soon implement the currently available treatments for IBD patients.

scholarly journals The impact of genetic polymorphism in pain mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Campos Fabri ◽  
Maria Julia Filgueiras Granato ◽  
Maria Clara Lopes Rezende ◽  
Maria Luiza Franco de Oliveira ◽  
Leandro de Souza Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Oprm1 Gene ◽  
Nociceptive Pathway ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Background:Variations in genes codifying target structures in the nociceptive pathway can result in pain attenuation or increase.Objective:Investigate the genetic polymorphism influence in the individual pain threshold. Methods: Search on PubMed with the terms “genetic”, “pain” and its synonyms published in the last 10 years. Results:The subjective and individual mechanisms of pain aren’t completely understood, but genetic susceptibility is one of the hypothesis to explain these differences.The KCNK18 gene influences the synaptic transmission by producing potassium channel protein that equalizes resting membrane potential, calcineurin activated and inhibited by arachidonic acid. This gene was found more frequently in migraine individuals. The COMT gene increase the sensibility to pain by met-enkephalins reduction and/or catecholamine elevation. Its activity’s reduced in fibromyalgia patients. However, the OPRM1 gene, an opioid receptor, was found in individuals with a higher pain threshold.Furthermore, studies with human cell culture shows the analgesic role of the gene A118G, by its greater binding affinity for β-endorphin.It is associated with more effective endorphinergic endogenous pain inhibition. Conclusion:Researches indicates a striking participation of genetic polymorphism in pain mechanisms. The knowledge about genetic variables on pain perception can contribute to the development of individualized analgesic protocols and therapeutic strategies, accordantly to the patient genetic profile. This evolution becomes fundamental in a population that tend to the indiscriminate use of analgesics.

scholarly journals Body, Possibility and Biographical Interpretation

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-87
Author(s):  
Anabela Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Individual Interaction ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Perspective

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how body-representations offer an opportunity for its visual interpretation from a biographical point of view, enhancing, on the one hand, the image’s own narrative dynamics, and, on the other, the role of the body as a place of incorporation of experiences, as well as, a vehicle mediating the individual interaction with the world. Perspective founded in the works of the artists Helena Almeida and Jorge Molder, who use self-representation as an expression of these incorporated (lived) experiences, constitutes an important discursive construction and structuring of their narrative identity through visual creation, the artists enable the other with moments of sharing knowledge, creativity and subjectivity, contributing also to the construction of the contemporary, cultural and social imagery.

scholarly journals Body-Mass-Index Associated Differences in Ortho- and Retronasal Olfactory Function and the Individual Significance of Olfaction in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerold Besser ◽  
Brigitte Erlacher ◽  
Kadriye Aydinkoc-Tuzcu ◽  
David T. Liu ◽  
Eleonore Pablik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flavor Perception ◽  
Smell Test ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Individual

Odor (including flavor) perception plays a major role in dietary behavior. Orthonasal olfactory function (OOF) has been shown to decrease in obese subjects. Changes in retronasal olfactory function (ROF) after weight loss and in the individual significance of olfaction (ISO) in obesity are yet to be investigated. Firstly, 15 obese subjects were recruited in a pilot study and supported to conventionally lose weight. OOF (Sniffin’ Sticks) was measured at the beginning and after 5.6 ± 1.3 months. Eleven subjects re-visited but barely lost weight and no major changes in OOF were observed. Secondly, the body-mass-index (BMI), OOF, and ROF (Candy Smell Test, CST) were recorded in subjectively olfactory-healthy subjects (SOHSs) and additionally the ISO questionnaire was collected in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). BMI correlated significantly negatively with odor discrimination (p = 0.00004) in 74 SOHSs and negatively with CST (p < 0.0001) in 66 SOHSs. In 48 SOHSs, there was a gender difference in ISO scores (p = 0.034), but no significant correlation with BMI was found (p > 0.05). ISO scores were significantly higher in 52 OD patients in comparison to SOHSs (p = 0.0382). Not only OOF but also ROF may decline with higher BMI. ISO does not seem to alter with BMI, but olfaction becomes more important once it is consciously impaired.

How Pictures Make Bodies and Bodies Make Pictures

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Alanna Beroiza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Gender Transition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vanity Fair ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the visual dynamics underlying wrong-body narratives of gender through Lacanian psychoanalytic readings of Annie Leibovitz’s photographs of Caitlyn Jenner for Vanity Fair (2015) and Pedro Almodóvar’s film La piel que habito (Spain/France, 2011). Leibovitz’s photographs, seen as the public culmination of Jenner’s gender transition, and Almodóvar’s fictional film, centered on the forced surgical sex reassignment of one of its characters, both comment on the role of technically produced images in constructing visually articulated bodily materiality as central to gender. Staged in Jenner’s domestic space, often before mirrors that reflect the camera alongside its subject, Lei-bovitz’s photos portray Jenner at the center of complex scenarios of mastery over her image. These images demonstrate an awareness of their constructed nature at the same time as they offer themselves as the optical proof of Jenner’s transition; they reveal and, ostensibly, dominate what Lacan refers to as the fundamental misrecognition at the heart of all scopic scenarios of recognition. Almodóvar’s film imagines the reverse scenario in which the body-as-image exerts violent control over the individual, not only erasing the apparent sex of one of its characters, Vicente, but also, and less tolerably, attempting to erase the absence, or misrecognition, of his body in its status as what Lacan calls “objet a,” or object of desire. The distinct ways in which Leibovitz’s images and Almodóvar’s film theorize the relationship between bodies and images with regard to misrecognition and absence point to the continued necessity of considering the influence of scopic relations in formations of gender identity.

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