scholarly journals Sex- and Age-Related Differences in the Contribution of Ultrasound-Measured Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat to Fatty Liver Index in Overweight and Obese Caucasian Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
Alberto Battezzati ◽  
Giorgio Bedogni ◽  
Laila Vignati ◽  
Angelo Vanzulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Index ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Age Related

Differences in body fat distribution may be a reason for the sex-, age-, and ethnicity-related differences in the prevalence of fatty liver disease (FL). This study aimed to evaluate the sex- and age-related differences in the contribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal fat, measured by ultrasound, to fatty liver index (FLI) in a large sample of overweight and obese Caucasian adults, and to identify the VAT and SAT cut-off values predictive of high FL risk. A cross-sectional study on 8103 subjects was conducted. Anthropometrical measurements were taken and biochemical parameters measured. VAT and SAT were measured by ultrasonography. FLI was higher in men and increased with increasing age, VAT, and SAT. The sex*VAT, age*VAT, sex*SAT, and age*SAT interactions negatively contributed to FLI, indicating a lower VAT and SAT contribution to FLI in men and in the elderly for every 1 cm of increment. Because of this, sex- and age-specific cut-off values for VAT and SAT were estimated. In conclusion, abdominal adipose tissue depots are associated with FLI, but their contribution is sex- and age-dependent. Sex- and age-specific cut-off values of ultrasound-measured VAT and SAT are suggested, but they need to be validated in external populations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the ability between fatty liver index and triglyceride glucose index to screen hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Ju Liu ◽  
Fang Ma ◽  
Yan Ning Zhu ◽  
Hui Ping Lou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Index ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Obesity Indices

Abstract Background: To compare the potential of triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and fatty liver index (FLI) and to explore which index is better for detecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 594 Chinese nondiabetic postmenopausal women retrospectively. NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis observed on liver ultrasonography in the absence of a second cause. Binary Logistic regression model analysis was used to determine odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) between hepatic steatosis and TyG as well as FLI. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) were employed to determine the ability of FLI and TyG as well as the combination of TyG with obesity indices to detect hepatic steatosis, and the AUC values were also compared between them. Results: women with the highest value of FLI or TyG had significantly higher odds of hepatic steatosis. The AUC values of FLI was significantly larger than that of TyG in either overall women (difference between area: 0.0743, 95% CI: 0.0396-0.109, P < 0.0001) or women younger (difference between area: 0.0629, 95% CI: 0.0262-0.0996, P=0.0008) and older (difference between area: 0.116, 95% CI: 0.0242-0.207, P=0.0132) than 60 years. Furthermore, when TyG was added to each obesity index, the AUC value of FLI was still significantly larger than that of each combination. Conclusions: Compared with TyG along or combination of TyG and obesity indices, FLI is a better surrogate index for detecting hepatic steatosis among Chinese nondiabtic postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals External Validation of Fatty Liver Index for Identifying Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver in a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Ling Yang ◽  
Wen-Chieh Wu ◽  
Kuan-Chieh Fang ◽  
Yuan-Chen Wang ◽  
Teh-Ia Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Index ◽  
Fatty Liver Index

The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mansureh Borujeni ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Rahim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

scholarly journals Age-related Smell and Taste Impairments and Vitamin D Associations in the U.S. Adults National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Galya Bigman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
National Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Us

Smell and taste decline with aging, and markedly deteriorate when nutritional deficiencies occur. This study aims to examine the associations between Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and smell and taste impairments among adults. This paper details a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014.). Smell impairment was assessed by the Pocket Smell Test and defined as failing to correctly identify six or more of the eight odors. Taste impairment was defined as failing to correctly identify quinine or sodium chloride. VD was measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin. Multivariable weighted logistic regressions were utilized. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented. Overall, 2216 (smell sample) and 2636 (taste sample) participants were included, aged between 40 and 80 years old. Of those, 18.3% had taste impairment, 12.2% had smell impairment, and 20% had VD deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Compared to participants with sufficient VD (>30 ng/mL), those with VD deficiency were more likely by 39% to report a higher prevalence of smell impairment (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02–1.89); and only participants aged 70–80 years with VD inadequacy (20–30 ng/mL) were more likely by 96% to report a higher prevalence of taste impairment (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.35–1.85). VD may have a significant role in age-related smell impairment in adults aged 40 years or older, and in age-related taste impairment in the elderly aged 70–80 years.

scholarly journals Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona De Amicis ◽  
Letizia Galasso ◽  
Alessandro Leone ◽  
Laila Vignati ◽  
Giulia De Carlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Morning Type ◽  
Circadian Typology

Both abdominal obesity and its visceral component are independently associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Among the non-modifiable and modifiable determinants, lifestyle plays a central role, while chronotype is an emerging factor. Evening type (E-Type), more active and efficient in the last part of the day, has been associated with a health-impairing style, resulting in a higher risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases than morning type (M-Type). However, no study has examined the contribution of chronotype to abdominal fat distribution, even considering adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). We conducted a cross-sectional study on 416 adults (69.5% females, 50 ± 13 years). Waist circumference (WC), visceral fat (VAT) using ultrasonography, chronotype through the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and adherence to MD were studied. Our results showed no differences in WC and VAT between chronotypes. However, adherence to MD resulted significantly lower in the E-Types compared to M-Types. WC decreased with increasing Mediterranean score and rMEQ score, and VAT decreased with increasing rMEQ score, indicating that E-Types have +2 cm of WC and +0.5 cm of VAT compared to M-Types. In conclusion, these results showed that chronotype is independently associated with abdominal obesity and visceral fat, underlining the potential implications of the individual circadian typology on abdominal obesity.

scholarly journals Causes of low vision and use of optical aids in the elderly

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Monteiro de Carvalho ◽  
Gelse Beatriz Martins Monteiro ◽  
Cassiano Rodrigues Isaac ◽  
Lineu Oto Shiroma ◽  
Marcela Scabello Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

PURPOSE: To determine the causes of low vision in an elderly population attended by a university visual rehabilitation service and to check for the use of prescribed optical aids. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients aged 60 years or over attending for the first time a university low vision service in 2001. Ophthalmic reevaluation and interview were performed by means of a structured questionnaire in 2002. RESULTS: The sample comprised 50 subjects aged between 60 and 90 years. Severe low vision (<FONT FACE=Symbol><</FONT>20/200) was present in 68.0% of patients. The main cause of low vision was age-related macular degeneration (44.0%). Regarding literacy, 16.0% were illiterate and 72.0% had completed fundamental schooling. Thirty-one patients (62.0%) had been prescribed optical aids; 54.8% of these patients stated that they use them. A majority (70.6%) held a favorable opinion of these aids. CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of low vision was age-related macular degeneration. Approximately half of those receiving prescriptions reported actually using the aids in their daily activities. Making best use of residual vision in the elderly population with visual impairment is a priority, given the social context, if the independence necessary for enhanced quality of life is to be achieved.

scholarly journals Validation of a Novel Cutoff Point for the Fibrosis-4 Index Modified by Age in Patients with Fatty Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Fujii ◽  
Shinya Fukumoto ◽  
Masaru Enomoto ◽  
Sawako Uchida-Kobayashi ◽  
Tatsuo Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cutoff Points

Abstract Background/purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept that better expresses the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) can easily predict the degree of liver fibrosis, its diagnostic ability, especially in the elderly, requires validation. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic ability of revised cutoff points for FIB-4 in patients with MAFLD and NAFLD.Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants who underwent a health check-up from 2014 to 2019. The proportion and number of low, indeterminate, and high cutoff group between the conventional and revised cutoff points for FIB-4 were compared. The diagnostic ability of these points was compared using the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) as a standard.Results: Of 21,801 participants, 5,559 (25.5%) had MAFLD and 4,463 (20.5%) had NAFLD. Using revised cutoff points, the proportion of the indeterminate group dropped from 46% to 15% in the MAFLD and 43% to 14% in the NAFLD group. Approximately 60% of patients with MAFLD and NAFLD from the indeterminate group with conventional FIB-4 moved to the low group with a revised FIB-4. Even after age adjustment, the APRI significantly increased for each FIB-4 category and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with a diagnosis of APRI ≥ 1.0 increased in both the MAFLD and NAFLD groups.Conclusions: Using cutoff points for the FIB-4 modified by age, the proportion of the indeterminate group dropped and the diagnostic ability increased for both MAFLD and NAFLD.

scholarly journals PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
NAVEED SHARIF ◽  
NAZIR AHMED ◽  
FAWAD HAMEED ◽  
Nosheen Rehan ◽  
Jawad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To study the age related radiological finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: From January 2009 to December 2009 pulmonary department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawal Pur. Patients and method: The cases diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis of either gender above age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients suffering from extra pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment failure, relapse, drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV sero-positive patients were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the age. Group 1 consist of patients having age ≥ 50years while group 2 consist of patients having <50 years. Data was recorded on the Proforma and was analyzed statistically on SPSS 11. Results: this study consists of 106 patients and divided into two groups. It has been found that apical zone of lung involvement was more common in patients younger than 50 years while involvement of lower zone was more common in patients with age ≥50years. No significant difference was found regarding the involvement of middle zone, multiple zones and the type of lesions as the p-value was >0.05. Conclusions: the elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have predominant involvement of lower zones. So, lower zone involvement of radiological lesions should be evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis to start the treatment earlier and to minimize the risk of missing the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of the association between body composition and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249223
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ariya ◽  
Farbod Koohpayeh ◽  
Alireza Ghaemi ◽  
Saeed Osati ◽  
Sayed Hossain Davoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the condition of fat accumulation in the liver. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and fatty liver and determine of cut-off point for predicting NAFLD. Samples were selected from the nutrition clinic from 2016 to 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The liver steatosis was calculated using the CAP score through the FiroScan™ and body composition was measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan method. A total of 2160 patients participated in this study, 745 (34.5%) subjects had NAFLD. We found that fat-free tissue was inversely and fat tissue was directly correlated with the risk of NAFLD in almost all factors and the risk of developing NAFLD increases if the total fat exceeds 32.23% and 26.73% in women and men and abdominal fat exceeds 21.42% and 13.76% in women and men, respectively. Finally, we realized that the total fat percent had the highest AUC (0.932 for men and 0.917 for women) to predict the risk of NAFLD. Overall, the likelihood of NAFLD development rose significantly with increasing the amount of total fat and abdominal fat from the cut-off point level.

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