scholarly journals Potato-Resistant Starch Supplementation Improves Microbiota Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and Gut–Brain Signaling in High Fat-Fed Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Klingbeil ◽  
Carolina Cawthon ◽  
Rebecca Kirkland ◽  
Claire B. de La Serre
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

(1) High-fat (HF) diet leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis which is associated with systemic inflammation. Bacterial-driven inflammation is sufficient to alter vagally mediated satiety and induce hyperphagia. Promoting bacterial fermentation improves gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial barrier function and reduces inflammation. Resistant starch escape digestion and can be fermented by bacteria in the distal gut. Therefore, we hypothesized that potato RS supplementation in HF-fed rats would lead to compositional changes in microbiota composition associated with improved inflammatory status and vagal signaling. (2) Male Wistar rats (n = 8/group) were fed a low-fat chow (LF, 13% fat), HF (45% fat), or an isocaloric HF supplemented with 12% potato RS (HFRS) diet. (3) The HFRS-fed rats consumed significantly less energy than HF animals throughout the experiment. Systemic inflammation and glucose homeostasis were improved in the HFRS compared to HF rats. Cholecystokinin-induced satiety was abolished in HF-fed rats and restored in HFRS rats. HF feeding led to a significant decrease in positive c fiber staining in the brainstem which was averted by RS supplementation. (4) The RS supplementation prevented dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. Additionally, microbiota manipulation via dietary potato RS prevented HF-diet-induced reorganization of vagal afferent fibers, loss in CCK-induced satiety, and hyperphagia.

scholarly journals Dietary type 2 resistant starch improves systemic inflammation and intestinal permeability by modulating microbiota and metabolites in aged mice on high-fat diet

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 9173-9187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Zhang ◽  
Luyi Chen ◽  
Mengjia Hu ◽  
John J. Kim ◽  
Renbin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aged Mice

scholarly journals High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Ida Judyta Malesza ◽  
Michał Malesza ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak ◽  
Nadiar Mussin ◽  
Dariusz Walkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Fat Consumption

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

scholarly journals Polylactose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity and Reduces Adiposity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breann E Abernathy ◽  
Tonya C Schoenfuss ◽  
Allison S Bailey ◽  
Daniel D Gallaher
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefit ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Controls ◽  
Prebiotic Fibers

ABSTRACT Background Prebiotic dietary fibers change the intestinal microbiome favorably and provide a health benefit to the host. Objectives Polylactose is a novel fiber, synthesized by extrusion of lactose. We evaluated its prebiotic activity by determining its fermentability, effect on the microbiota, and effects on adiposity and liver lipids in a diet-induced obesity animal model. Methods Male Wistar rats (4–5 wk old) were fed normal-fat (NF, 25% fat energy) or high-fat (HF, 51% fat energy) diets containing different fibers (6% fiber of interest and 3% cellulose, by weight), including cellulose (NFC and HFC, negative and positive controls, respectively), polylactose (HFPL), lactose matched to residual lactose in the HFPL diet, and 2 established prebiotic fibers: polydextrose (HFPD) and fructooligosaccharide (HFFOS). After 10 wk of feeding, organs were harvested and cecal contents collected. Results HFPL animals had greater cecum weight (3 times greater than HFC) and lower cecal pH (∼1 pH unit lower than HFC) than all other groups, suggesting that polylactose is more fermentable than other prebiotic fibers (HFPD, HFFOS; P &lt; 0.05). HFPL animals also had increased taxonomic abundance of the probiotic species Bifidobacterium in the cecum relative to all other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Epididymal fat pad weight was significantly decreased in the HFPL group (29% decrease compared with HFC) compared with all other HF groups (P &lt; 0.05) and did not differ from the NFC group. Liver lipids and cholesterol were reduced in HFPL animals when compared with HFC animals (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Polylactose is a fermentable fiber that elicits a beneficial change in the gut microbiota as well as reducing adiposity in rats fed HF diets. These effects of polylactose were greater than those of 2 established prebiotics, fructooligosaccharide and polydextrose, suggesting that polylactose is a potent prebiotic.

Metabolic activity of visceral fat and immune-related organs evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with the metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pahk ◽  
H.W Kwon ◽  
J.S Eo ◽  
H.S Seo ◽  
S Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is elevated in metabolic syndrome (MS) and is related to the inflammatory activity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). We investigated whether the metabolic activity in VAT, assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), is associated with systemic inflammatory status, and related to the number of MS components. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in a total of 203 subjects: 59 without an MS component; M(0), 92 with one or two MS components; M(1–2), and 52 with MS. Metabolic activity of VAT was evaluated using the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) and the maximum SUV (SUVmax). Metabolic activities of immune-related organs such as spleen and bone marrow (BM) were evaluated using the SUVmax. Results VAT SUVmax correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the SUVmax of spleen and BM, which reflect the status of systemic inflammation. Both hsCRP and the SUVmax of the spleen and BM were higher in the MS group than in the M(1–2) or M(0) groups. In VAT, SUVmax increased with increasing number of MS components, while SUVmean decreased. Conclusions The SUVmax of VAT assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT could reflect the inflammatory activity of VAT which is increased in the MS patients with systemic inflammation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Melatonin ameliorates endocrine dysfunction and defective sperm integrity associated with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in male Wistar rats

Andrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort Abisola Oladele ◽  
Christopher Oloruntoba Akintayo ◽  
Olabimpe Caroline Badejogbin ◽  
Adesola Adedotun Oniyide ◽  
Adams Olalekan Omoaghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Endocrine Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Resistant starch and exercise independently attenuate weight regain on a high fat diet in a rat model of obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine A Higgins ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
Ian L Brown ◽  
Ginger C Johnson ◽  
Amy Steig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
High Fat
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