scholarly journals Enzyme Treatment Alters the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Water Extract of Wheat Germ In Vitro and In Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngju Song ◽  
Hee-Young Jeong ◽  
Jae-Kang Lee ◽  
Yong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dae-Ok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Wheat germ is rich in quinones that exist as glycosides. In this study, we used Celluclast 1.5L to release the hydroxyquinones, which turn into benzoquinone, and prepared the water extract from enzyme-treated wheat germ (EWG). We investigated whether enzyme treatment altered the anti-inflammatory activity compared to the water extract of untreated wheat germ (UWG). UWG inhibited the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-12 and induced the production of IL-10 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Enzyme treatment resulted in greater inhibition of iNOS and IL-10 and induction of HO-1 compared to UWG, possibly involving the modulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). Mice fed UWG or EWG had decreased serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and increased serum IL-10 levels after intraperitoneal injection of LPS, with UWG being more effective for IL-10 and EWG more effective for TNF-α. Hepatic HO-1 gene was only expressed in mice fed EWG. We provide evidence that enzyme treatment is a useful biotechnology tool for extracting active compounds from wheat germ.

scholarly journals Properties of a New Food Supplement Containing Actinia equina Extract

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Marika Lanza ◽  
Giovanna Casili ◽  
Giovanna Loredana La Torre ◽  
Daniele Giuffrida ◽  
Archimede Rotondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marine species represent a great source of biologically active substances; Actinia equina (AE), an Anthozoa Cnidaria belonging to the Actinidiae family, have been proposed as original food and have already been included in several cooking recipes in local Mediterranean shores, and endowed with excellent nutraceutical potential. The aim of this study was to investigate some unexplored features of AE, through analytical screening and an in-vitro and in-vivo model. An in-vitro study, made on RAW 264.7 stimulated with H2O2, showed that the pre-treatment with AE exerted an antioxidant action, reducing lipid peroxidation and up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the in-vivo study over murine model demonstrated that the administration of AE extracts is able to reduce the carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. Furthermore, the histological damage due to the neutrophil infiltration is prevented, and this highlights precious anti-inflammatory features of the interesting food-stuff. Moreover, it was assessed that AE extract modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) pathways. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that thanks to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, AE extract could be used as a new food supplement for inflammatory pathology prevention.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon water extract in vivo and in vitro LPS-induced models

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joung-Woo Hong ◽  
Ga-Eun Yang ◽  
Yoon Bum Kim ◽  
Seok Hyun Eom ◽  
Jae-Hwan Lew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Sorbaria kirilowii Ethanol Extract Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting Src/Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Jang ◽  
Jong Sub Lee ◽  
Young-Jin Jang ◽  
Eui Su Choung ◽  
Wan Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Inflammation is a fundamental process for defending against foreign antigens that involves various transcriptional regulatory processes as well as molecular signaling pathways. Despite its protective roles in the human body, the activation of inflammation may also convey various diseases including autoimmune disease and cancer. Sorbaria kirilowii is a plant originating from Asia, with no anti-inflammatory activity reported. In this paper, we discovered an anti-inflammatory effect of S. kirilowii ethanol extract (Sk-EE) both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro effects of Sk-EE were determined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while ex vivo analysis was performed using peritoneal macrophages of thioglycollate (TG)-induced mice. Sk-EE significantly reduced the nitric oxide (NO) production of induced macrophages and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related cytokines and the activation of transcription factors. Moreover, treatment with Sk-EE also decreased the activation of proteins involved in nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascade; among them, Src was a prime target of Sk-EE. For in vivo assessment of the anti-inflammatory effect of Sk-EE, HCl/EtOH was given by the oral route to mice for gastritis induction. Sk-EE injection dose-dependently reduced the inflammatory lesion area of the stomach in gastritis-induced mice. Taking these results together, Sk-EE exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by regulating intracellular NF-κB signaling pathways and also shows an authentic effect on reducing gastric inflammation.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tetrastigma Sulcatum Leaf Extract, Pure Compound and Its Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Jagannath Waghole ◽  
Ashwini Vivek Misar ◽  
Neha Shashikant Kulkarni ◽  
Feroz Khan ◽  
Dattatraya Gopal Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The severity and perseverance of the inflammation have been demonstrated in many health conditions. The limitations of existing medications, propose the need for newer alternative anti-inflammatory medications. In our earlier studies, we demonstrated the topical anti-inflammatory potential of crude ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma sulcatum leaves and its fractions. In the present study, we further explored anti-inflammatory activity of T. sulcatum extract, fractions, pure compound and its derivatives using in vitro and in vivo bioassay techniques. We attempted to isolate a pure compound from leaf extract and was identified as Friedelan-3β-ol (CI) and its derivatives Friedelinol acetate (C II) and Friedelinol methyl ether (C III) were synthesized. Treatment with crude extract and its fractions demonstrated a significant reduction in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Likewise, compounds CI, CII and CIII showed a similar pattern of significant inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and NO production. In vivo study in Carrageenan induced paw-inflammatory mice model demonstrated reduced paw oedema and proinflammatory cytokines levels in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment of extract, its fractions, pure compound (CI), and their derivatives (CII and CIII.). The docking study showed all the compounds (CI, CII and CIII) share common residues with Dexamethasone. TNF- α exhibited the most interacting residues with the compounds. The present study confirmed the T. sulcatum ’s anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting Friedelan-3β-ol as an active component in a crude extract.

In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Model-based Approaches for Investigating Anti-inflammatory Properties of Coumarins

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1446-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Virginia Gagliotti Vigil de Mello ◽  
Tania Silvia Frode
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Coumarins are polyphenolic compounds that are often used to treat inflammatory conditions in complementary and alternative medicine. Objective: In this study, we reviewed reports of in vivo and in vitro experimental modelbased approaches investigating the potential anti-inflammatory properties of coumarins. Methods: A literature search of PUBMED, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015. The keywords used to search were ‘anti-inflammatory' and ‘coumarin' and ‘in vivo' or ‘in vitro'. This search identified 425 article titles. Results: Of the 425 article titles, 127 full-text articles were reviewed, and 69 of them were included in the analysis. Most of the studies (81.2%) used in vitro assays. The studies focused on cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1-β (55.1%), as well as oedema (46.5%), nitric oxide (NO, 23.2%), oxidative stress (21.7%), inflammatory cells (21.7%), nuclear factor (NF)-κB (24.6%), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, 13%), myeloperoxidase (MPO, (15.9%), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (14.5%), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 8.7%), 5-lipoxygenase (LOX, 4.3%), and adhesion molecules (7.2%). Coumarins inhibited all these parameters except for IL-10, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related-factor 2 (Nrf2), and regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Conclusion: In vitro methods were the most commonly used to study the antiinflammatory effects of coumarins. The results showed that coumarins exerted antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities by inhibiting NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γτ (RORγτ), and MAPK and increasing Nrf2 activation. These results suggest that coumarins could be important candidates for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Nrf2 Inducer Dimethyl Fumarate in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Scuderi ◽  
Alessio Ardizzone ◽  
Irene Paterniti ◽  
Emanuela Esposito ◽  
Michela Campolo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represents debilitating conditions characterized by degeneration of neuronal cells in specific brain areas, causing disability and death in patients. In the pathophysiology of NDs, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation have a key role, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro models. Therefore, the use of molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities represents a possible strategy for the treatment of NDs. Many studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of fumaric acid esters (FAEs) to counteract neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Among these molecules, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) showed a valid therapeutic approach to slow down neurodegeneration and relieve symptoms in patients with NDs. DMF is a methyl ester of fumaric acid and acts as modulator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) translocation. Therefore, this review aims to examine the potential beneficial effects of DMF to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with NDs.

scholarly journals Structural Modifications Yield Novel Insights Into the Intriguing Pharmacodynamic Potential of Anti-inflammatory Nitro-Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Hellmuth ◽  
Camilla Brat ◽  
Omar Awad ◽  
Sven George ◽  
Astrid Kahnt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Models Of Disease

Endogenous nitro-fatty acids (NFA) are potent electrophilic lipid mediators that exert biological effects in vitro and in vivo via selective covalent modification of thiol-containing target proteins. The cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic effects of NFA in animal models of disease caused by targeted protein nitroalkylation are a valuable basis for the development of future anti-phlogistic and anti-neoplastic drugs. Considering the complexity of diseases and accompanying comorbidities there is an urgent need for clinically effective multifunctional drugs. NFA are composed of a fatty acid backbone containing a nitroalkene moiety triggering Michael addition reactions. However, less is known about the target-specific structure–activity relationships and selectivities comparing different NFA targets. Therefore, we analyzed 15 NFA derivatives and compared them with the lead structure 9-nitro-oleic acid (9NOA) in terms of their effect on NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling inhibition, induction of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) gene expression, sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase), LO (lipoxygenase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibition, and their cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. Minor modifications of the Michael acceptor position and variation of the chain length led to drugs showing increased target preference or enhanced multi-targeting, partly with higher potency than 9NOA. This study is a significant step forward to better understanding the biology of NFA and their enormous potential as scaffolds for designing future anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of african leaf water extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lusi Agus Setiani ◽  
Zaldi Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is the immune system's main response to infection and irritation. African leaf (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum) is one of the medicinal plants that can be used as anti-inflammatory because of the presence of flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid compounds have an anti-inflammatory effect that can regulate arachidonic acid metabo-lism by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooksigenase activi-ties. This study aims to obtain scientific information and the potential of African leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo test. In this study, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity tests were carried out. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the ability of African leaf extracts to prevent protein denaturation and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by observing the reduction of edema in the soles of rats induced by carrageenan by giving three lev-els of doses of African leaf extract. The results showed that the African leaf extract at a concentration of 8273.91 mg L-1 was able to inhibit 50% denatured protein (IC50), while in the in vivo test African leaf had the potential as an anti-inflammatory with the most effective percent-age of inhibition at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 which is 85.20%. African leaf have the potential of approximately 2 times greater than the positive control of diclofenac sodium which is 45.70%.

Anti-inflammatory effect of an Ayurveda polyherbal topical application and exploration of its mechanism of action

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitaram Ahalya ◽  
B. A. Venkatesh ◽  
R. Vijayasarathi ◽  
Tirumalapura Vijayanna Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ear Oedema ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Topical application of herbs is one of the recommended treatment modalities for Osteoarthritis (OA) in Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine). The current study intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of a polyherbal powder used as Upanaha (poultice) for OA by in vitro and in vivo techniques. Materials and Methods: The polyherbal formulation Upanaha Choornam (UC) was sourced from Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala (P) Ltd., Thrissur, India. Changes in the secretion of TNF-α and NO and expression of Cox-2 genes were evaluated by semi quantitative PCR activity to establish anti-inflammatory action in vitro. Macrophages and connective tissue of mice were used as media for the former two experiments and only macrophages for the latter. In vivo anti–inflammatory activity was evaluated by TPA induced ear oedema in Swiss Albino mice (n=24), divided into 4 groups as Group I - saline treatment, Group II - Indomethacin treatment, and Groups III and IV treated with 30% and 60% of UC respectively. Results: In the in vitro study, UC at 1000 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml upregulated the COX-2 level by 0.08 and 0.03 folds respectively as compared to control. Release of TNF-α, and NO in LPS-induced RAW cells were significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner. The TPA induced ear oedema significantly reduced in Groups III and IV (F=1250, p less than 0.001) Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of a polyherbal formulation Upanaha Choornam as a topical application. This indicates the potential of select herbs in managing degenerative conditions like OA.

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