scholarly journals Primary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial to Explore the Effects of a High Chlorophyll Dietary Intervention to Reduce Colon Cancer Risk in Adults: The Meat and Three Greens (M3G) Feasibility Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Frugé ◽  
Smith ◽  
Riviere ◽  
Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

Preclinical and observational research suggests green leafy vegetables (GLVs) may reduce the risk of red meat (RM)-induced colonic DNA damage and colon cancer (CC). We sought to determine the feasibility of a high GLV dietary intervention in adults with an increased risk of CC (NCT03582306) via a 12-week randomized controlled crossover trial. Participants were randomized to immediate or delayed (post-4-week washout) intervention groups. During the 4-week intervention period, participants were given frozen GLVs and counseled to consume one cooked cup equivalent daily. The primary outcomes were: accrual—recruiting 50 adults in 9 months; retention—retaining 80% of participants at completion; and adherence—meeting GLV intake goals on 90% of days. Adherence data were collected twice weekly and 24-h dietary recalls at each time point provided nutrient and food group measures. The Food Acceptability Questionnaire (FAQ) was completed to determine acceptability. On each of the four study visits, anthropometrics, stool, saliva, and blood were obtained. Fifty adults were recruited in 44 days. Participants were 48 ± 13 years of age, 62% female, and 80% Caucasian, with an average BMI at screening of 35.9 ± 5.1. Forty-eight (96%) participants were retained and completed the study. During the intervention phase, participants consumed GLVs on 88.8% of days; the adherence goal of one cup was met on 73.2% of days. Dietary recall-derived Vitamin K and GLVs significantly increased for all participants during the intervention periods. Overall satisfaction did not differ between intervention and control periods (p = 0.214). This feasibility trial achieved accrual, retention and acceptability goals, but fell slightly short of the benchmark for adherence. The analysis of biological specimens will determine the effects of GLVs on gut microbiota, oxidative DNA damage, and inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals A Dietary Intervention High in Green Leafy Vegetables Reduces Oxidative DNA Damage in Adults at Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Biological Outcomes of the Randomized Controlled Meat and Three Greens (M3G) Feasibility Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Frugé ◽  
Kristen S. Smith ◽  
Aaron J. Riviere ◽  
Rachel Tenpenny-Chigas ◽  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

Green leafy vegetables (GLV) may reduce the risk of red meat (RM)-induced colonic DNA damage and colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported the primary outcomes (feasibility) of a 12-week randomized controlled crossover trial in adults with habitual high RM and low GLV intake with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 (NCT03582306). Herein, our objective was to report a priori secondary outcomes. Participants were recruited and enrolled in 2018, stratified by gender, and randomized to two arms: immediate intervention group (IG, n = 26) or delayed intervention group (DG, n = 24). During the 4 week intervention period, participants were provided with frozen GLV and counseled to consume 1 cooked cup equivalent daily. Participants consumed their normal diet for the remaining 8 weeks. At each of four study visits, anthropometrics, stool, and blood were taken. Overall, plasma Vitamin K1 (0.50 ± 1.18 ng/mL, p < 0.001) increased, while circulating 8OHdG (−8.52 ± 19.05 ng/mL, p < 0.001), fecal 8OHdG (−6.78 ± 34.86 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and TNFα (−16.95 ± 60.82 pg/mL, p < 0.001) decreased during the GLV intervention compared to control periods. Alpha diversity of fecal microbiota and relative abundance of major taxa did not differ systematically across study periods. Further investigation of the effects of increased GLV intake on CRC risk is warranted.

scholarly journals Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman M. Ahmad ◽  
Maher Y. Abdalla ◽  
Tiffany A. Moore ◽  
Lisa Bartenhagen ◽  
Adam J. Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.

Mutations in CREBBP and EP300 genes affect DNA repair of oxidative damage in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dutto ◽  
Claudia Scalera ◽  
Micol Tillhon ◽  
Giulio Ticli ◽  
Gianluca Passaniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, growth deficiency and an increased risk of tumors. RSTS is predominantly caused by mutations in CREBBP or EP300 genes encoding for CBP and p300 proteins, two lysine acetyl-transferases (KAT) playing a key role in transcription, cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, the efficiency of these processes in RSTS cells is still largely unknown. Here, we have investigated whether pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability are affected in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) obtained from RSTS patients with mutations in CREBBP or in EP300 genes. We report that RSTS LCLs with mutations affecting CBP or p300 protein levels or KAT activity, are more sensitive to oxidative DNA damage and exhibit defective base excision repair (BER). We have found reduced OGG1 DNA glycosylase activity in RSTS compared to control cell extracts, and concomitant lower OGG1 acetylation levels, thereby impairing the initiation of the BER process. In addition, we report reduced acetylation of other BER factors, such as DNA polymerase β and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), together with acetylation of histone H3. We also show that complementation of CBP or p300 partially reversed RSTS cell sensitivity to DNA damage. These results disclose a mechanism of defective DNA repair as a source of genome instability in RSTS cells.

Impact of the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene on the level of oxidative DNA damage in patients with colorectal cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kabzinski ◽  
Anna Walczak ◽  
Adam Dziki ◽  
Michał Mik ◽  
Ireneusz Majsterek
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ogg1 Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ser326cys Polymorphism

As a result of reactive oxygen species operation, cell damage occurs in both cellular organelles and molecules, including DNA. Oxidative damage within the genetic material can lead to accumulation of mutations and consequently to cancer transformation. OGG1 glycosylase, a component of the Base Excision Repair (BER) system, is one of the enzymes that prevents excessive accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxG), the most common compound formed by oxidative DNA damage. In case of structural changes of OGG1 resulting from polymorphic variants, we can observe a significant increase in the concentration of 8-oxG. Linking individual polymorphisms to DNA repair systems with increased risk of colorectal cancer will allow patients to be classified as high risk and included in a prophylactic program. The aim of the study was to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage and to analyze the distribution of Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene in a group of patients with colorectal cancer and in a control group in the Polish population. Material and methodology. DNA was isolated from the blood of 174 patients with colorectal cancer. The control group consisted of 176 healthy individuals. The level of oxidative damage was determined by analyzing the amount of 8-oxguanine using the HT 8-oxo-dG ELISA II Kit. Genotyping was performed via the TaqMan method. Results. The obtained results indicate that Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene increases the risk of RJG and is associated with significantly increased levels of 8-oxoguanine. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene may modulate the risk of colorectal cancer by increasing the level of oxidative DNA damage.

Urinary level of nickel and acute leukaemia in Chinese children

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yang ◽  
XM Jin ◽  
CH Yan ◽  
Y Tian ◽  
JY Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Acute Leukaemia ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoid Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Myeloid

The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, not only is a widely used biomarker for the measurement of endogenous oxidative DNA damage but might also be a risk factor for many diseases including cancer. Metal exposure may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage among children. However, few studies on urinary 8-OHdG and metals have been conducted in children with acute leukemia. In the present study, urinary Ni and 8-OHdG were examined in 116 children with acute leukaemia (94 acute lymphoid leukaemia [ALL] and 22 acute myeloid leukaemia [AML]) and 51 healthy child controls. Our result showed that urinary Ni in acute leukaemia patients (ALL: 68.40 ± 133.98, AML: 41.48 ± 76.31 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly higher than that in controls (62.47 ± 124.90 vs 17.63 ± 46.17 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Similarly, the pretherapy level of urinary 8-OHdG in patients (ALL: 11.83 ± 16.23, AML: 12.36 ± 11.36 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly elevated compared with controls (11.92 ± 15.42 vs 4.03 ± 4.70 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG and urinary Ni showed a weak but significant association with increased risk of childhood leukaemia. The present study suggests that Ni may be an etiologic factor for childhood acute leukaemia by oxidative DNA damage.

36 Nutrigenetic-Guided Dietary Intervention and Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. S-11
Author(s):  
Jeremy Egnatios ◽  
Karen A. Frankwich ◽  
Mandy L. Kenyon ◽  
Thomas Rutledge ◽  
Patricia S. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Effect of Increased Tea Consumption on Oxidative DNA Damage among Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 3303S-3309S ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman A. Hakim ◽  
Robin B. Harris ◽  
Sylvia Brown ◽  
H-H. Sherry Chow ◽  
Sheila Wiseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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