scholarly journals Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman M. Ahmad ◽  
Maher Y. Abdalla ◽  
Tiffany A. Moore ◽  
Lisa Bartenhagen ◽  
Adam J. Case ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.

Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases in an Occupationally Radiation Exposed Group: A Cross-Sectional Study in a University Hospital of Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Vimercati ◽  
Luigi De Maria ◽  
Francesca Mansi ◽  
Antonio Caputi ◽  
Giovanni M. Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposed Workers

Background: Thyroid diseases occur more frequently in people exposed to ionizing radiation, but the relationship between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and thyroid pathologies still remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid diseases in healthcare workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation compared with a control group working at the University Hospital of Bari, Southern Italy, and living in the same geographical area, characterized by mild iodine deficiency. Methods: We ran a cross-sectional study to investigate whether healthcare workers exposed to ionizing radiation had a higher prevalence of thyroid diseases. Four hundred and forty-four exposed healthcare workers (241 more exposed, or “A Category”, and 203 less exposed, or “B Category”) and 614 nonexposed healthcare workers were enrolled during a routine examination at the Occupational Health Unit. They were asked to fill in an anamnestic questionnaire and undergo a physical examination, serum determination of fT3, fT4 and TSH, anti-TPO ab and anti-TG ab and ultrasound neck scan. Thyroid nodules were submitted to fine needle aspiration biopsy when indicated. Results: The prevalence of thyroid diseases was statistically higher in the exposed workers compared to controls (40% vs 29%, adPR 1.65; IC95% 1.34-2.07). In particular, the thyroid nodularity prevalence in the exposed group was approximately twice as high as that in the controls (29% vs 13%; adPR 2.83; IC95% 2.12-3.8). No statistically significant association was found between exposure to ionizing radiation and other thyroid diseases. Conclusion: In our study, mild ionizing radiation-exposed healthcare workers had a statistically higher prevalence of thyroid diseases than the control group. The results are likely due to a closer and more meticulous health surveillance programme carried out in the ionising radiation-exposed workers, allowing them to identify thyroid alterations earlier than non-exposed health staff.

Effects of occupational exposure to aluminium on some oxidative stress and DNA damage parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Samir ◽  
LA Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Aluminium Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Serum Aluminium

Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the relationships between aluminium levels, oxidative status and DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to aluminium. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted in a secondary aluminium smelter. It included 96 male workers occupationally exposed to aluminium fume and dust compared to 96 male nonexposed individuals. Full history and clinical examination were done for all participants. Laboratory investigations in the form of serum aluminium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and comet assay test were performed. Results: Serum aluminium level ranged from 4 to 30 µg/L of median: 10 µg/L; urinary 8-OHdG ranged from 2.7 to 17.2 ng/mg creatinine of median: 7.6 ng/mg creatinine; comet tail length (CTL) ranged from 19.7 to 50.5 µm of median: 45 µm, were statistically significantly increased in the exposed group compared to nonexposed group. In exposed workers, a statistically significant positive correlations were found between serum aluminium level and urinary 8-OHdG ( r = 0.75, p < 0.001); aluminium level and CTL ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001); and urinary 8-OHdG and CTL ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum aluminium and TAC ( r = −0.76, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Occupational exposure to aluminium in secondary aluminium smelters was related to the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. This may promote the development of adverse health hazards in the exposed workers

Mutations in CREBBP and EP300 genes affect DNA repair of oxidative damage in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Ilaria Dutto ◽  
Claudia Scalera ◽  
Micol Tillhon ◽  
Giulio Ticli ◽  
Gianluca Passaniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, growth deficiency and an increased risk of tumors. RSTS is predominantly caused by mutations in CREBBP or EP300 genes encoding for CBP and p300 proteins, two lysine acetyl-transferases (KAT) playing a key role in transcription, cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, the efficiency of these processes in RSTS cells is still largely unknown. Here, we have investigated whether pathways involved in the maintenance of genome stability are affected in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) obtained from RSTS patients with mutations in CREBBP or in EP300 genes. We report that RSTS LCLs with mutations affecting CBP or p300 protein levels or KAT activity, are more sensitive to oxidative DNA damage and exhibit defective base excision repair (BER). We have found reduced OGG1 DNA glycosylase activity in RSTS compared to control cell extracts, and concomitant lower OGG1 acetylation levels, thereby impairing the initiation of the BER process. In addition, we report reduced acetylation of other BER factors, such as DNA polymerase β and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), together with acetylation of histone H3. We also show that complementation of CBP or p300 partially reversed RSTS cell sensitivity to DNA damage. These results disclose a mechanism of defective DNA repair as a source of genome instability in RSTS cells.

Impact of the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene on the level of oxidative DNA damage in patients with colorectal cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kabzinski ◽  
Anna Walczak ◽  
Adam Dziki ◽  
Michał Mik ◽  
Ireneusz Majsterek
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ogg1 Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ser326cys Polymorphism

As a result of reactive oxygen species operation, cell damage occurs in both cellular organelles and molecules, including DNA. Oxidative damage within the genetic material can lead to accumulation of mutations and consequently to cancer transformation. OGG1 glycosylase, a component of the Base Excision Repair (BER) system, is one of the enzymes that prevents excessive accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxG), the most common compound formed by oxidative DNA damage. In case of structural changes of OGG1 resulting from polymorphic variants, we can observe a significant increase in the concentration of 8-oxG. Linking individual polymorphisms to DNA repair systems with increased risk of colorectal cancer will allow patients to be classified as high risk and included in a prophylactic program. The aim of the study was to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage and to analyze the distribution of Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene in a group of patients with colorectal cancer and in a control group in the Polish population. Material and methodology. DNA was isolated from the blood of 174 patients with colorectal cancer. The control group consisted of 176 healthy individuals. The level of oxidative damage was determined by analyzing the amount of 8-oxguanine using the HT 8-oxo-dG ELISA II Kit. Genotyping was performed via the TaqMan method. Results. The obtained results indicate that Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene increases the risk of RJG and is associated with significantly increased levels of 8-oxoguanine. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that Ser326Cys polymorphism of the OGG1 gene may modulate the risk of colorectal cancer by increasing the level of oxidative DNA damage.

Urinary level of nickel and acute leukaemia in Chinese children

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Yang ◽  
XM Jin ◽  
CH Yan ◽  
Y Tian ◽  
JY Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Acute Leukaemia ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphoid Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Myeloid

The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, not only is a widely used biomarker for the measurement of endogenous oxidative DNA damage but might also be a risk factor for many diseases including cancer. Metal exposure may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage among children. However, few studies on urinary 8-OHdG and metals have been conducted in children with acute leukemia. In the present study, urinary Ni and 8-OHdG were examined in 116 children with acute leukaemia (94 acute lymphoid leukaemia [ALL] and 22 acute myeloid leukaemia [AML]) and 51 healthy child controls. Our result showed that urinary Ni in acute leukaemia patients (ALL: 68.40 ± 133.98, AML: 41.48 ± 76.31 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly higher than that in controls (62.47 ± 124.90 vs 17.63 ± 46.17 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Similarly, the pretherapy level of urinary 8-OHdG in patients (ALL: 11.83 ± 16.23, AML: 12.36 ± 11.36 ng/mg creatinine) was significantly elevated compared with controls (11.92 ± 15.42 vs 4.03 ± 4.70 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG and urinary Ni showed a weak but significant association with increased risk of childhood leukaemia. The present study suggests that Ni may be an etiologic factor for childhood acute leukaemia by oxidative DNA damage.

scholarly journals Comet Assay results of pilots exposed to pesticides

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela ◽  
Stefan Waliszewski ◽  
María Elena Calderón-Segura ◽  
Mario Caba ◽  
Enrique Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Organic Pesticides

Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals designed for the control of pests affecting cultivated plants. Frequently, they are classified according to their chemical structure, organic and non-organic pesticides. Biomonitoring studies using somatic cells have been conducted to evaluate the possible genotoxic risk of occupationally exposed workers to pesticides. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic effects of pesticides in pilots occupationally exposed to these chemicals during aerial application in agricultural fields. The study groups comprised 30 pilots who applied aerial pesticides and 30 controls. The alkaline Comet Assay was performed on freshly collected peripheral whole blood lymphocytes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the equality of two population medians. Additionally, a comparison of two groups according to age and years of work as quantitative variables and a one-way analysis of variance (Anova) with Tukey’s post hoc test were applied. To corroborate differences between groups, a regression analysis was performed to calculate the degree of correlation, expressing their magnitude by R2. Statistical significances were set at a p value of <0.05. The median of comet frequency, tail length (159.6 ± 16.8) and tail moment (16.75 ± 3.13) reveals statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between exposed pilots and controls. The pilot group divided according to age reveals Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage which increases significantly when age of participant increases. Neither smoking nor alcohol consumption could be statistically linked to DNA damage. 

scholarly journals Primary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial to Explore the Effects of a High Chlorophyll Dietary Intervention to Reduce Colon Cancer Risk in Adults: The Meat and Three Greens (M3G) Feasibility Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Frugé ◽  
Smith ◽  
Riviere ◽  
Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

Preclinical and observational research suggests green leafy vegetables (GLVs) may reduce the risk of red meat (RM)-induced colonic DNA damage and colon cancer (CC). We sought to determine the feasibility of a high GLV dietary intervention in adults with an increased risk of CC (NCT03582306) via a 12-week randomized controlled crossover trial. Participants were randomized to immediate or delayed (post-4-week washout) intervention groups. During the 4-week intervention period, participants were given frozen GLVs and counseled to consume one cooked cup equivalent daily. The primary outcomes were: accrual—recruiting 50 adults in 9 months; retention—retaining 80% of participants at completion; and adherence—meeting GLV intake goals on 90% of days. Adherence data were collected twice weekly and 24-h dietary recalls at each time point provided nutrient and food group measures. The Food Acceptability Questionnaire (FAQ) was completed to determine acceptability. On each of the four study visits, anthropometrics, stool, saliva, and blood were obtained. Fifty adults were recruited in 44 days. Participants were 48 ± 13 years of age, 62% female, and 80% Caucasian, with an average BMI at screening of 35.9 ± 5.1. Forty-eight (96%) participants were retained and completed the study. During the intervention phase, participants consumed GLVs on 88.8% of days; the adherence goal of one cup was met on 73.2% of days. Dietary recall-derived Vitamin K and GLVs significantly increased for all participants during the intervention periods. Overall satisfaction did not differ between intervention and control periods (p = 0.214). This feasibility trial achieved accrual, retention and acceptability goals, but fell slightly short of the benchmark for adherence. The analysis of biological specimens will determine the effects of GLVs on gut microbiota, oxidative DNA damage, and inflammatory cytokines.

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