scholarly journals Retention of Primary Bile Acids by Lupin Cell Wall Polysaccharides Under In Vitro Digestion Conditions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naumann ◽  
Schweiggert-Weisz ◽  
Haller ◽  
Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Dietary Fibres

Interference of dietary fibres with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is proposed as a mechanism for lowering cholesterol. We investigated how lupin hull and cotyledon dietary fibres interact with primary bile acids using an in vitro model under simulated upper gastrointestinal conditions. Cell wall polysaccharides were isolated and extracted to separate pectin-like, hemicellulosic, and lignocellulosic structures. Lupin hull consisted mainly of structural components rich in cellulose. The viscosity of the in vitro digesta of lupin hull was low, showing predominantly liquid-like viscoelastic properties. On the other hand, lupin cotyledon fibre retarded bile acid release due to increased viscosity of the in vitro digesta, which was linked with high contents of pectic polymers forming an entangled network. Molecular interactions with bile acids were not measured for the hull but for the cotyledon, as follows: A total of 1.29 µmol/100 mg DM of chenodesoxycholic acids were adsorbed. Molecular interactions of cholic and chenodesoxycholic acids were evident for lignin reference material but did not account for the adsorption of the lupin cotyledon. Furthermore, none of the isolated and fractionated cell wall materials showed a significant adsorptive capacity, thus disproving a major role of lupin cell wall polysaccharides in bile acid adsorption.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Dietary Fibre Enriched Food Ingredients with Primary and Secondary Bile Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Naumann ◽  
Ute Schweiggert-Weisz ◽  
Julia Eglmeier ◽  
Dirk Haller ◽  
Peter Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Bile Acid Pool Size ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

Dietary fibres are reported to interact with bile acids, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion into the colon. We used a method based on in vitro digestion, dialysis, and kinetic analysis to investigate how dietary fibre enriched food ingredients affect the release of primary and secondary bile acids as related to viscosity and adsorption. As the main bile acids abundant in humans interactions with glyco- and tauroconjugated cholic acid, chenodesoxycholic acid and desoxycholic acid were analysed. Viscous interactions were detected for apple, barley, citrus, lupin, pea, and potato derived ingredients, which slowed the bile acid release rate by up to 80%. Adsorptive interactions of up to 4.7 μmol/100 mg DM were significant in barley, oat, lupin, and maize preparations. As adsorption directly correlated to the hydrophobicity of the bile acids the hypothesis of a hydrophobic linkage between bile acids and dietary fibre is supported. Delayed diffusion in viscous fibre matrices was further associated with the micellar properties of the bile acids. As our results indicate changes in the bile acid pool size and composition due to interactions with dietary fibre rich ingredients, the presented method and results could add to recent fields of bile acid research.

In vitro digestion with bile acids enhances the bioaccessibility of kale polyphenols

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Yang ◽  
Guddarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha ◽  
Bhimanagouda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Bile Acid Binding

Kale (Brassica oleracea) polyphenols and dietary fiber have key roles in bile acid binding, and these bile acids enhanced significanlty higher (69.4%) bioaccessibility of certain health-promoting polyphenolics.

scholarly journals Bile Acids, Liver Cirrhosis, and Extrahepatic Vascular Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Sauerbruch ◽  
Martin Hennenberg ◽  
Jonel Trebicka ◽  
Ulrich Beuers
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Acid Pool ◽  
Circulatory Disturbance

The bile acid pool with its individual bile acids (BA) is modulated in the enterohepatic circulation by the liver as the primary site of synthesis, the motility of the gallbladder and of the intestinal tract, as well as by bacterial enzymes in the intestine. The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Gpbar1 (TGR5) are important set screws in this process. Bile acids have a vasodilatory effect, at least according to in vitro studies. The present review examines the question of the extent to which the increase in bile acids in plasma could be responsible for the hyperdynamic circulatory disturbance of liver cirrhosis and whether modulation of the bile acid pool, for example, via administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or via modulation of the dysbiosis present in liver cirrhosis could influence the hemodynamic disorder of liver cirrhosis. According to our analysis, the evidence for this is limited. Long-term studies on this question are lacking.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Interactions between Bile Acids and Plant Compounds—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6495
Author(s):  
Susanne Naumann ◽  
Dirk Haller ◽  
Peter Eisner ◽  
Ute Schweiggert-Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Plant Compounds

Plant compounds are described to interact with bile acids during small intestinal digestion. This review will summarise mechanisms of interaction between bile acids and plant compounds, challenges in in vivo and in vitro analyses, and possible consequences on health. The main mechanisms of interaction assume that increased viscosity during digestion results in reduced micellar mobility of bile acids, or that bile acids and plant compounds are associated or complexed at the molecular level. Increasing viscosity during digestion due to specific dietary fibres is considered a central reason for bile acid retention. Furthermore, hydrophobic interactions are proposed to contribute to bile acid retention in the small intestine. Although frequently hypothesised, no mechanism of permanent binding of bile acids by dietary fibres or indigestible protein fractions has yet been demonstrated. Otherwise, various polyphenolic structures were recently associated with reduced micellar solubility and modification of steroid and bile acid excretion but underlying molecular mechanisms of interaction are not yet fully understood. Therefore, future research activities need to consider the complex composition and cell-wall structures as influenced by processing when investigating bile acid interactions. Furthermore, influences of bile acid interactions on gut microbiota need to be addressed to clarify their role in bile acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Adsorptive and Viscous Effects of Dietary Fibres on Bile Acid Release by Means of In Vitro Digestion and Dialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Naumann ◽  
Ute Schweiggert-Weisz ◽  
Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier ◽  
Dirk Haller ◽  
Peter Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Dialysis Method ◽  
Acid Release

To explain the cholesterol-reducing effects of dietary fibres, one of the major mechanisms proposed is the reduced reabsorption of bile acids in the ileum. The interaction of dietary fibres with bile acids is associated with their viscous or adsorptive effects. Since these fibre characteristics are difficult to investigate in vivo, suitable in vitro methodologies can contribute to understanding the mechanistic principles. We compared the commonly used centrifugal approach with a modified dialysis method using dietary fibre-rich materials from different sources (i.e., barley, citrus, lupin, and potato). Digestion was simulated in vitro with oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion environments. The chyme was dialysed and released bile acids were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The centrifugation method showed adsorptive effects only for cholestyramine (reference material) and a high-fibre barley product (1.4 µmol taurocholic acid/100 mg dry matter). Alternatively, the dialysis approach showed higher values of bile acid adsorption (2.3 µmol taurocholic acid/100 mg dry matter) for the high-fibre barley product. This indicated an underestimated adsorption when using the centrifugation method. The results also confirmed that the dialysis method can be used to understand the influence of viscosity on bile acid release. This may be due to entrapment of bile acids in the viscous chyme matrix. Further studies on fibre structure and mechanisms responsible for viscous effects are required to understand the formation of entangled networks responsible for the entrapment of the bile acids.

The effect of mixed enzyme and chemical treatment of bagasse, untreated and steam pre-treated sugarcane pith on in vitro digestion of dry matter

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
Morteza Chaji ◽  
Abasali Naserian ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Freidon Eftekharishahroodi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
The 1960S

Crop residues are a major source of low-quality biomass that can be fed to ruminants. Sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane pith, the residue after rind removal, are highly lignified by products of the sugar and paper industries, respectively (Muller, 1978). The low digestibility, high lignin and very low nitrogen content, are considered the main reasons for unsatisfactory performance of animals fed this roughage. Steam-pressure treatment cleavage the bounds between lignin and the other component of the cell wall, These are associated with the improved utilization of cell wall polysaccharides in the steam pre-treated materials by cell-free enzymes and enzymes of the rumen microbial ecosystem. The possibility of increasing nutritive value of fibrous feedstuffs by enzymes treatment has been studied in recent years. A number of studies in the 1960s involving cattle and sheep showed that enzymes substantially improved feed digestibility and animal performance, but results were often inconsistent The objectives of our study were to characterize the response of sugarcane bagasse, pith, untreated and steam treated, to sodium hydroxide and enzyme mixtures treatment.

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