scholarly journals Native Whey Induces Similar Adaptation to Strength Training as Milk, despite Higher Levels of Leucine, in Elderly Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Håvard Hamarsland ◽  
Mathias K. Johansen ◽  
Fridtjof Seeberg ◽  
Marie Brochmann ◽  
Ina Garthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Native Whey ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: Large amounts of protein (40 g) or supplementing suboptimal servings of protein with leucine are able to overcome the anabolic resistance in elderly muscle. Our aim was to compare the effects of supplementation of native whey, high in leucine, with milk on gains in muscle mass and strength during a period of strength training, in elderly individuals. Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled study, a total of 30 healthy men and women received two daily servings of 20 g of either milk protein or native whey, during an 11-week strength training intervention. Muscle strength, lean mass, m. vastus lateralis thickness, muscle fiber area, and resting and post-exercise phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and eEF-2 were assessed prior to and after the intervention period. Results: Muscle mass and strength increased, by all measures applied in both groups (p < 0.001), with no differences between groups (p > 0.25). p70S6K phosphorylation increased (~1000%, p < 0.045) 2 h after exercise in the untrained and trained state, with no differences between supplements. Total and phosphorylated mTORC-1 decreased after training. Conclusion: Supplementation with milk or native whey during an 11-week strength training period increased muscle mass and strength similarly in healthy elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dinato de Lima ◽  
Cláudio L. Battaglini ◽  
Sandro Nobre Chaves ◽  
Lucas Ugliara ◽  
Jonathan Sarandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Blinded

This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of strength training (ST) combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-five BCS were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: vitamins (VIT; n = 12; 51.0 ± 9.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 13; 48.2 ± 8.3 years). Both groups performed a 10-week ST protocol, twice a week. The VIT group was supplemented with vitamins C (500 mg/day) and E (180 mg/day) and the PLA group with polydextrose (1 g/day), once a day after breakfast. At the beginning and at the end of the training period, perceived fatigability was assessed using Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)-20 (general fatigue and physical fatigue). Performance fatigability was assessed during 30 maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 120°/s. General fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.004) and PLA (p = 0.011) groups. Physical fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.011) and PLA (p = 0.001) groups. Performance fatigability also decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.026) and PLA (p < 0.001) groups. There was no difference between groups at any moment (p > 0.05). In summary, antioxidant supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of improving perceived or performance fatigability in BCS. This clinical trial is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, number RBR-843pth (UTN no.: U1111-1222-6511). Novelty ST with maximal repetitions reduces perceived and performance fatigability of BCS. Vitamins C and E supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of reducing fatigability in BCS.

Circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6-relation to truncal fat mass and muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedersen ◽  
Helle Bruunsgaard ◽  
Nina Weis ◽  
Helle W. Hendel ◽  
Bente U. Andreassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Circulating Levels

scholarly journals The effects of strength training on finger strength and hand dexterity in healthy elderly individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1166-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halla B. Olafsdottir ◽  
Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Force Variability ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Proximal Site

We investigated the effect of 6 wk of strength training on maximal pressing (MVC) force, indexes of finger individuation (enslaving), and performance in accurate force production tests and in functional hand tests in healthy, physically fit, elderly individuals. Twelve participants (average age 76 yr) exercised with both hands. One of the hands exercised by pressing with the proximal phalanges (targeting mainly intrinsic hand muscles), whereas the other hand exercised by pressing with the finger tips (targeting mainly extrinsic hand muscles). Training led to higher MVC forces, higher enslaving indexes, and improved performance on the pegboard grooved test. Changes in an index of multi-finger force stabilizing synergy showed a significant correlation with changes in the index of force variability in the accurate force production test. Strong transfer effects were seen to the site that did not perform strength training exercise within each hand. Effects of exercise at the proximal site were somewhat stronger compared with those of exercise at the finger tips, although the differences did not reach significance level. Control tests showed that repetitive testing by itself did not significantly change the maximal finger force and enslaving. The results suggest that strength training is an effective way to improve finger strength. It can also lead to changes in finger interaction and in performance of accurate force production tasks. Adaptations at a neural level are likely to mediate the observed effects. Overall, the data suggest that strength training can also improve the hand function of less healthy elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the effects of two programs of physical exercises in flexibility and balance of healthy elderly individuals with and without major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Varkala Lanuez ◽  
Wilson Jacob-Filho ◽  
Mariana Varkala Lanuez ◽  
Ana Cláudia Becattini de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Balance Exercises

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess flexibility and balance in healthy elderly subjects with or without major depression, by means of two different programs: aerobic exercises and flexibility and balance exercises. Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled study in which each sample was the control of itself. Research subjects were 19 healthy elderly individuals, aged between 60 and 90 years, of both genders, referred to the Department of Geriatrics of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, with or without the diagnosis of major depression, and sedentary or that had not engaged in physical activity for at least 6 months. Results: Subjects with major depression, as well as those without depression, showed signifcant improvement in flexibility and balance, especially in the group that did aerobic exercises. Conclusion: The results of this investigation reinforce the relevance of physical exercises for the elderly with major depression, as this is an important tool for treating and following-up this group of patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Fortetropin on the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
William Evans ◽  
Mahalakshmi Shankaran ◽  
Edna Nyangau ◽  
Tyler Field ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Gene Ontologies

Abstract Background Fortetropin is a proteo-lipid complex made from fertilized egg yolk and, in young men, has been shown to increase lean body mass. Methods The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 21 days of Fortetropin supplementation on the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of muscle protein in 10 healthy, older men and 10 women (66.4 ± 4.5 y). We used 2H2O labeling to measure FSR of multiple muscle protein ontologies. D3-creatine dilution was used to determine muscle mass at baseline. Subjects ingested 70% 2H2O for 21 day and saliva samples were collected to determine body 2H2O enrichment. A microbiopsy was obtained from the m. vastus lateralis on Day 21. Subjects were randomly assigned to Fortetropin (19.8 g/d) or placebo (cheese powder, 19.8 g/d). Results Restricting kinetic data to proteins with ≥2 peptides measured in at least 4 subjects per group resulted in 117 proteins meeting these criteria. The mean FSR for a majority of proteins in several muscle gene ontologies was higher in the Fortetropin group compared to placebo (32/38 myofibril proteins, 33/44 sarcoplasmic proteins, and 12/17 mitochondrial proteins) and this proportion was significantly different between groups using a binomial test and were independent of sex or baseline muscle mass. Conclusions The overall magnitude of the difference in muscle protein FSR of Fortetropin from placebo was 18%, with multiple gene ontologies affected. While these results should be confirmed in larger cohorts, they suggest that Fortetropin supplementation is effective for promoting muscle protein synthesis in older people.

scholarly journals Strength Training and Testosterone Treatment Have Opposing Effects on Migration Inhibitor Factor Levels in Ageing Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Glintborg ◽  
L. L. Christensen ◽  
T. Kvorning ◽  
R. Larsen ◽  
K. Brixen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Opposing Effects

Background.The beneficial effects of testosterone treatment (TT) are debated.Methods.Double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of six months TT (gel) in 54 men aged 60–78 with bioavailable testosterone (BioT) <7.3 nmol/L and waist >94 cm randomized to TT (50–100 mg/day,n=20), placebo (n=18), or strength training (ST) (n=16) for 24 weeks. Moreover, the ST group was randomized to TT (n=7) or placebo (n=9) after 12 weeks.Outcomes. Chemokines (MIF, MCP-1, and MIP-1α) and lean body mass (LBM), total, central, extremity, visceral, and subcutaneous (SAT) fat mass established by DXA and MRI.Results. From 0 to 24 weeks, MIF and SAT decreased during ST + placebo versus placebo, whereas BioT and LBM were unchanged. TT decreased fat mass (total, central, extremity, and SAT) and increased BioT and LBM versus placebo. MIF levels increased during TT versus ST + placebo. ST + TT decreased fat mass (total, central, and extremity) and increased BioT and LBM versus placebo. From 12 to 24 weeks, MCP-1 levels increased during TT versus placebo and MCP-1 levels decreased during ST + placebo versus placebo.Conclusion. ST + placebo was associated with decreased MIF levels suggesting decreased inflammatory activity. TT may be associated with increased inflammatory activity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT00700024.

Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R1078-R1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Pesta ◽  
Florian Hoppel ◽  
Christian Macek ◽  
Hubert Messner ◽  
Martin Faulhaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Hypoxia Group

Endurance and strength training are established as distinct exercise modalities, increasing either mitochondrial density or myofibrillar units. Recent research, however, suggests that mitochondrial biogenesis is stimulated by both training modalities. To test the training “specificity” hypothesis, mitochondrial respiration was studied in permeabilized muscle fibers from 25 sedentary adults after endurance (ET) or strength training (ST) in normoxia or hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 21% or 13.5%]. Biopsies were taken from the musculus vastus lateralis, and cycle-ergometric incremental maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) exercise tests were performed under normoxia, before and after the 10-wk training program. The main finding was a significant increase ( P < 0.05) of fatty acid oxidation capacity per muscle mass, after endurance and strength training under normoxia [2.6- and 2.4-fold for endurance training normoxia group (ETN) and strength training normoxia group (STN); n = 8 and 3] and hypoxia [2.0-fold for the endurance training hypoxia group (ETH) and strength training hypoxia group (STH); n = 7 and 7], and higher coupling control of oxidative phosphorylation. The enhanced lipid oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity was mainly (87%) due to qualitative mitochondrial changes increasing the relative capacity for fatty acid oxidation ( P < 0.01). Mitochondrial tissue-density contributed to a smaller extent (13%), reflected by the gain in muscle mass-specific respiratory capacity with a physiological substrate cocktail (glutamate, malate, succinate, and octanoylcarnitine). No significant increase was observed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Physiological OXPHOS capacity increased significantly in ETN ( P < 0.01), with the same trend in ETH and STH ( P < 0.1). The limitation of flux by the phosphorylation system was diminished after training. Importantly, key mitochondrial adaptations were similar after endurance and strength training, regardless of normoxic or hypoxic exercise. The transition from a sedentary to an active lifestyle induced muscular changes of mitochondrial quality representative of mitochondrial health.

scholarly journals Protein Requirements for Master Athletes: Just Older Versions of Their Younger Selves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

AbstractIt is established that protein requirements are elevated in athletes to support their training and post-exercise recovery and adaptation, especially within skeletal muscle. However, research on the requirements for this macronutrient has been performed almost exclusively in younger athletes, which may complicate their translation to the growing population of Master athletes (i.e. > 35 years old). In contrast to older (> 65 years) untrained adults who typically demonstrate anabolic resistance to dietary protein as a primary mediator of the ‘normal’ age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, Master athletes are generally considered successful models of aging as evidenced by possessing similar body composition, muscle mass, and aerobic fitness as untrained adults more than half their age. The primary physiology changes considered to underpin the anabolic resistance of aging are precipitated or exacerbated by physical inactivity, which has led to higher protein recommendations to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older untrained compared to younger untrained adults. This review puts forth the argument that Master athletes have similar muscle characteristics, physiological responses to exercise, and protein metabolism as young athletes and, therefore, are unlikely to have protein requirements that are different from their young contemporaries. Recommendations for protein amount, type, and pattern will be discussed for Master athletes to enhance their recovery from and adaptation to resistance and endurance training.

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