scholarly journals Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique A. Castro ◽  
Flávio Henrique S. de Araújo ◽  
Mi Ye M. Olimpio ◽  
Raquel B. de B. Primo ◽  
Thiago T. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Impact

Whey protein (WP) is a dairy food supplement and, due to its effects on fat-free mass (FFM) gain and fat mass (FM) loss, it has been widely consumed by resistance training practitioners. This review analyzed the impact of WP supplementation in its concentrated (WPC), hydrolyzed (WPH) and isolated (WPI) forms, comparing it exclusively to isocaloric placebos. Random effect meta-analyses were performed from the final and initial body composition values of 246 healthy athletes undergoing 64.5 ± 15.3 days of training in eight randomized clinical trials (RCT) collected systematically from five scientific databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was statistically significant for FM loss (WMD = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.37, −0.55, p < 0.001) and, in the analysis of subgroups, this effect was maintained for the WPC (WMD = −0.63, 95% CI = −1.19, −0.06, p = 0.030), with protein content between 51% and 80% (WMD = −1.53; 95% CI = −2.13, −0.93, p < 0.001), and only for regular physical activity practitioners (WMD = −0.95; 95% CI = −1.70, −0.19, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect on FFM in any of the scenarios investigated (p > 0.05). Due to several and important limitations, more detailed analyses are required regarding FFM gain.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal birth positions on duration of second stage of labor: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Berta ◽  
Helena Lindgren ◽  
Kyllike Christensson ◽  
Sollomon Mekonnen ◽  
Mulat Adefris
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Birth Position ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background It is believed that giving birth in an upright position is beneficial for both mother and the infant for several physiologic reasons. An upright positioning helps the uterus to contract more strongly and efficiently, the baby gets in a better position and thus can pass through the pelvis faster. Upright and lateral positions enables flexibility in the pelvis and facilitates the extension of the outlet. Before implementing a change in birthing positions in our clinics we need to review evidences available and context valid related to duration of second stage of labor and birthing positions. Therefore this review aimed to examine the effect of maternal flexible sacrum birth position on duration of second stage of labor. Method The research searched articles using bibliographical Databases: Medline/PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar and Google. All study designs were considered while investigating the impact of maternal flexible sacrum birthing positioning in relation duration of second stage of labor. Studies including laboring mothers with normal labor and delivery. A total of 1985 women were included in the reviewed studies. We included both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results We identified 1680 potential citations, of which 8 articles assessed the effect of maternal upright birth positioning on the reduction during the duration of second stage of labor. Two studies were excluded because of incomplete reports for meta analysis. The result suggested a reduction in duration of second stage of labor among women in a flexible sacrum birthing position, with a mean duration from 3.2–34.8. The pooled weighted mean difference with random effect model was 21.118(CI: 11.839–30.396) minutes, with the same significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 96.8%, p < 000). Conclusion The second stage duration was reduced in cases of a flexible sacrum birthing position. Even though the reduction in duration varies across studies with considerable heterogeneity, laboring women should be encouraged to choose her comfortable birth position. Researchers who aim to compare different birthing positions should consider study designs which enable women to choose birthing position. Prospero registration number [CRD42019120618]

scholarly journals The Effect of a Whey Protein Supplement on Bone Mass in Older Caucasian Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 2214-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Kerstetter ◽  
Jessica D. Bihuniak ◽  
Jennifer Brindisi ◽  
Rebecca R. Sullivan ◽  
Kelsey M. Mangano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
The Impact

Context: It has been assumed that the increase in urine calcium (Ca) that accompanies an increase in dietary protein was due to increased bone resorption. However, studies using stable Ca isotopes have found that dietary protein increases Ca absorption without increasing bone resorption. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of a moderately high protein diet on bone mineral density (BMD). Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of protein supplementation daily for 18 months. Setting: The study was conducted at two institutional research centers. Participants: Two hundred eight older women and men with a body mass index between 19 and 32 kg/m2 and a self-reported protein intake between 0.6 and 1.0 g/kg participated in the study. Intervention: Subjects were asked to incorporate either a 45-g whey protein or isocaloric maltodextrin supplement into their usual diet for 18 months. Main Outcome Measure: BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, body composition, and markers of skeletal and mineral metabolism were measured at baseline and at 9 and 18 months. Results: There were no significant differences between groups for changes in L-spine BMD (primary outcome) or the other skeletal sites of interest. Truncal lean mass was significantly higher in the protein group at 18 months (P = .048). C-terminal telopeptide (P = .0414), IGF-1 (P = .0054), and urinary urea (P &lt; .001) were also higher in the protein group at the end of the study period. There was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 18 months. Conclusion: Our data suggest that protein supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) may preserve fat-free mass without adversely affecting skeletal health or renal function in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal birth positions on duration of second stage of labor: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Berta Badi ◽  
Helena Lindgren ◽  
Kyllike Christensson ◽  
Sollomon Mekonnen ◽  
Mulat Adefris
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Birth Position ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: it is believed that giving birth in an upright position is beneficial for both mother and the infant for several physiologic reasons. An upright positioning helps the uterus to contract more strongly and efficiently, the baby gets in a better position and thus can pass through the pelvis faster. Upright and lateral positions enables flexibility in the pelvis and facilitates the extension of the outlet. Before implementing a change in birthing positions in our clinics we need to review evidences available and context valid related to duration of second stage of labor and birthing positions. Objective: The aim of this review was to examine the effect of maternal flexible sacrum birth position on duration of second stage of labor. Method: The research searched articles using bibliographical Databases: Medline/PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google scholar and Google. All study designs were considered while investigating the impact of maternal flexible sacrum birthing positioning in relation duration of second stage of labor. Studies including laboring mothers with normal labor and delivery. A total of 1,985 women were included in the reviewed studies. We included both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: We identified 1,680 potential citations, of which 8 articles assessed the effect of maternal upright birth positioning on the reduction during the duration of second stage of labor. Two studies were excluded because of incomplete reports for meta analysis. The result suggested a reduction in duration of second stage of labor among women in a flexible sacrum birthing position, with a mean duration from 3.2-34.8. The pooled weighted mean difference with random effect model was 21.118(CI: 11.839-30.396) minutes, with the same significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2=96.8%, p<000). Conclusion: The second stage duration was reduced in cases of a flexible sacrum birthing position. Even though the reduction in duration varies across studies with considerable heterogeneity, laboring women should be encouraged to choose her comfortable birth position. Researchers who aim to compare different birthing positions should consider study designs which enable women to choose birthing position. Prospero registration number [CRD42019120618]

Effect of Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Abbas Ali Sangouni ◽  
Shirin Hassani Zadeh ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Elevated levels of liver enzymes are the main markers of liver dysfunction. Liver enzymes are the important indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population. Previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as a plant-based diet on features of NAFLD like liver enzymes, but their results are contradictory. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze RCTs investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until December 2020. A total of 10 RCTs (n=705 participants) evaluating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were included. A random-effect model was used to estimates the pooled effect size. To evaluate the heterogeneity among the included studies, the Cochran’s Q-test and I-squared test were used. The MedDiet significantly reduced AST (weighted mean difference (WMD)= −0.38 IU/L; 95 % CI −0.73, −0.03 IU/L; P=0.03) and GGT (WMD= −0.16 IU/L; 95 % CI −0.32, −0.006 IU/L; P=0.04), but had no significant effect on ALT (WMD = −0.55 IU/L; 95 % CI −1.25, 0.13 IU/L; P=0.11). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of MedDiet on AST, GGT and ALT were significantly influenced by removing some studies. There was no publication bias based on Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Generally, MedDiet can improve liver enzymes. To better conclusion, further RCTs investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes, especially in patients with NAFLD are still required.

scholarly journals Effect of a Whey Protein Supplement on Preservation of Fat Free Mass in Overweight and Obese Individuals on an Energy Restricted Very Low Caloric Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Larsen ◽  
Bo Bibby ◽  
Mette Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Physical Test

The obesity epidemic has caused a widespread interest in strategies to achieve a healthy “high quality” weight loss, where excess fat is lost, while fat free mass (FFM) is preserved. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of whey protein supplementation given before night sleep on FFM preservation during a 4-week (wk) period on a very low caloric diet (VLCD). Twenty-nine obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 28 kg/m2) completed a 4-week intervention including a VLCD and a walking program (30 min walking × 5 times per week). Subjects were randomly assigned to either control (CON, n = 15) or a whey protein supplement (PRO, 0.4 g protein/kg/day, n = 14), ingested before bedtime. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), blood analysis and physical test were performed pre and post intervention. We measured nitrogen excretion in three 24 h urine collections (Day 0, 7 and 28) to assess nitrogen balance. Changes in nitrogen balance (NB) after 7 and 28 days was different between treatment groups (interaction p < 0.05). PRO was in NB after 7 days and in positive NB at day 28. In contrast, CON was in negative NB at day 7, but in NB at day 28. Nevertheless, no significant group differences were observed in the change in pre- and post-FFM measurements (−2.5 kg, [95% CI: 1.9; 3.1], p = 0.65). In conclusion, ingestion of a whey protein supplement before bedtime during a 4-week period on a VLCD improved nitrogen balance, but did not lead to any significant improvement in the quality of the weight loss in regard to observed changes in body composition and health parameters compared with controls.

Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Giuliano Tocci ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Vivianne Presta ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Impact

Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pycnogenol on BP through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies (randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). Literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to January 10, 2019 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of pycnogenol on BP. Two investigators independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42018112172. Overall, the impact of pycnogenol on BP was reported in 7 trials involving 626 participants. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant improvement in systolic BP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.028 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.182 to 0.127; P = .726; I2 = 46%), diastolic BP (WMD: −0.144 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.299 to 0.010; P = .067; I2 = 0%), mean arterial pressure (WMD: −0.091 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.246 to 0.063; P = .246; I2 = 0%), and pulse pressure (WMD: −0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.151 to 0.158; P = .966; I2 = 0%) following pycnogenol treatment. Results persisted in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the present meta-analysis does not suggest any significant effect of pycnogenol on BP.

Does glutamine supplementation have favorable effects on glucose control and insulin sensitivity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Kord-Varkaneh ◽  
Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Somaye Fatahi ◽  
Ehsan Ghaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Polynomial Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published randomized controlled trials with the aim to determine and quantify the anti-hyperglycemic effects of glutamine (Gln) in acute and chronic clinical settings. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a comprehensive search of all randomized clinical trials performed up to December 2018, to identify those investigating the impact of Gln supplementation on fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) via ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library PubMed and SCOPUS databases. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was conducted using random effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Fractional polynomial modeling was used to explore the dose–response relationships between Gln supplementation and diabetic indices. Findings The results of the present meta-analysis suggest that of Gln supplementation had a significant effect on FBS (weighted mean difference (WMD): –2.868 mg/dl, 95 per cent CI: –5.467, –0.269, p = 0.031). However, the authors failed to observe that Gln supplementation affected insulin levels (WMD: 1.06 units, 95 per cent CI: –1.13, 3.26, p = 0.34) and HOMA-IR (WMD: 0.001 units, 95 per cent CI: –2.031, 2.029, p = 0.999). Subgroup analyses showed that the highest decrease in FBS levels was observed when the duration of intervention was less than two weeks (WMD: –4.064 mg/dl, 95 per cent CI: –7.428, –0.700, p = 0.01) and when Gln was applied via infusion (WMD: –5.334 mg/dl, 95 per cent CI: –10.48, 0.17, p = 0.04). Originality/value The results from this meta-analysis show that Gln supplementation did not have a significant effect on insulin levels and HOMA-IR. However, it did significantly reduce the levels of FBS, obtaining a higher effect when the duration of the intervention period was less than two weeks.

scholarly journals Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sadeghi ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghian ◽  
Sepideh Rahmani ◽  
Vahid Maleki ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Whole Grain

ABSTRACT Since the release of a previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures, several clinical trials have been published. Therefore, we aimed to update the previous meta-analysis on the effect of whole-grain intake on obesity measures by including recently published studies, as well as considering the main limitations in that analysis. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate Web of Science, EmBase, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to February 2019, using relevant keywords. Randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of whole-grain products or diets high in whole-grain foods, compared with a control diet, on anthropometric measures [including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass (FM)] were included. In total, 21 studies with a total sample of 1798 participants, aged ≥18 years, were considered. Based on 22 effect sizes from 19 studies on body weight, with a total sample of 1698 adults, we found no significant effect of whole-grain consumption on body weight. The same findings were obtained for BMIs, such that using 10 effect sizes from 10 clinical trials with a total sample of 769 individuals we did not find any significant effect. With regards to body fat percentage [weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.27; 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.58%; P = 0.09], FM (WMD: 0.45; 95% CI: −0.12 to 1.02 kg; P = 0.12), fat-free mass (WMD: 0.31; 95% CI: −0.67 to 0.06 kg; P = 0.10), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.06; 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.63 cm; P = 0.82), we failed to find any significant effect of whole-grain consumption. In conclusion, our findings did not support current recommendations of whole-grain intake in attempts to control obesity measures. Given the beneficial effects of whole-grain intake on other measures of human health, additional well-designed studies are required to further investigate the effect on obesity. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019125320).

scholarly journals The Effects of Aromatherapy on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Somayeh Es-haghee ◽  
Fatemeh Shabani ◽  
Jessie Hawkins ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zareian ◽  
Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age

ObjectivesPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disturbance among women of childbearing age. Aromatherapy is a commonly used form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat PMS. The purpose of this study is to quantify and summarize the effects of aromatherapy on premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Methods. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through relevant search terms until October 2020. The effect sizes were pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random effect model. Egger tests and visual inspection of the funnel plot were performed to identify the existence of publication bias. The I-squared (I2) test was applied to measure heterogeneity. Results. Eight studies (n = 8) were included in this analysis. The quantitative synthesis of evidence found that aromatherapy decreases PMS scores (WMD –13.83; 95% CI (−22.04, −5.63), I2 = 94.5%), total psychological symptoms of PMS (WMD –3.51; 95% CI (−4.84, −2.18), I2 = 82.6%), anxiety of PMS (WMD–1.78; 95% CI (−3.17, −0.38), I2 = 94.2%), depression of PMS (WMD–2.0; 95% CI (−3.65, −0.34), I2 = 93.7%), and fatigue of PMS (WMD – 1.44; 95% CI (−2.44, −0.44), I2 = 89.7%) compared to the control group. Conclusion. Aromatherapy is an effective tool for the relief of PMS symptoms. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials with different durations and essential oils should be conducted to confirm our findings.

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