scholarly journals Supplementation of Plants with Immunomodulatory Properties during Pregnancy and Lactation—Maternal and Offspring Health Effects

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Lewicka ◽  
Łukasz Szymański ◽  
Kamila Rusiecka ◽  
Anna Kucza ◽  
Anna Jakubczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Cocoa Tea

A pregnant woman’s diet consists of many products, such as fruits, vegetables, cocoa, tea, chocolate, coffee, herbal and fruit teas, and various commercially available dietary supplements, which contain a high number of biological active plant-derived compounds. Generally, these compounds play beneficial roles in women’s health and the development of fetus health. There are, however, some authors who report that consuming excessive amounts of plants that contain high concentrations of polyphenols may negatively affect the development of the fetus and the offspring’s health. Important and problematic issues during pregnancy and lactation are bacterial infections treatment. In the treatment are proposals to use plant immunomodulators, which are generally considered safe for women and their offspring. Additional consumption of biologically active compounds from plants, however, may increase the risk of occurrences to irreversible changes in the offspring’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out safety tests for immunomodulators before introducing them into a maternal diet. Here, we present data from animal experiments for the four most-studied plants immunomodulators genus: Rhodiola, Echinacea, Panax, and Camellia, which were used in maternal nutrition.

Relationship of maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation to offspring health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Gawlińska ◽  
Dawid Gawliński ◽  
Małgorzata Filip ◽  
Edmund Przegaliński
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
System Development ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract A balanced maternal diet is essential for proper fetal development, and the consumption of a nutritionally inadequate diet during intrauterine development and early childhood is associated with a significantly increased risk of metabolic and brain disorders in offspring. The current literature indicates that maternal exposure to a high-fat diet exerts an irreversible influence on the general health of the offspring. This review of preclinical research examines the relationship between a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy or lactation and metabolic changes, molecular alterations in the brain, and behavioral disorders in offspring. Animal models indicate that offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation manifest increased depressive-like and aggressive behaviors, reduced cognitive development, and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Recently, epigenetic and molecular studies have shown that maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the suckling period modifies the development of neurotransmitter circuits and many other factors important to central nervous system development. This finding confirms the importance of a balanced maternal diet for the health of offspring.

scholarly journals Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ning Hsu ◽  
Li-Tung Huang ◽  
You-Lin Tain
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
In Pregnancy

Cardiovascular and neurological diseases can originate in early life. Melatonin, a biologically active substance, acts as a pleiotropic hormone essential for pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal melatonin can easily pass the placenta and provide photoperiodic signals to the fetus. Though melatonin uses in pregnant or lactating women have not yet been recommended, there is a growing body of evidence from animal studies in support of melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent the developmental programming of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Here, we review several key themes in melatonin use in pregnancy and lactation within offspring health and disease. We have particularly focused on the following areas: the pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development; clinical uses of melatonin in fetal and neonatal diseases; experimental evidence supporting melatonin as a reprogramming therapy to prevent cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin within developmental programming. The targeting of melatonin uses in pregnancy and lactation will be valuable in the prevention of various adult chronic diseases in later life, and especially cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

Sex Differences in Long-term Metabolic Effects of Maternal Resveratrol Intake in Adult Rat Offspring

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purificación Ros ◽  
Francisca Díaz ◽  
Alejandra Freire-Regatillo ◽  
Pilar Argente-Arizón ◽  
Vicente Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Maternal nutrition can affect the susceptibility of the offspring to metabolic disease later in life, suggesting that this period is a window of opportunity for intervention to reduce the risk of metabolic disease. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has a wide range of beneficial properties including anti-obesogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. We previously reported that maternal resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation has early metabolic effects in the offspring with these effects at weaning depending on the type of diet ingested by the mother and the offspring’s sex. Here we analyzed whether these metabolic changes are maintained in the adult offspring and if they remain sex and maternal diet dependent. Wistar rats received a low-fat diet (LFD; 10.2% Kcal from fat) or high fat diet (HFD; 61.6% Kcal from fat) during pregnancy and lactation. Half of each group received resveratrol in their drinking water (50 mg/L). Offspring were weaned onto standard chow on postnatal day 21. Maternal resveratrol reduced serum cholesterol levels in all adult offspring from HFD mothers and increased it in adult female offspring from LFD mothers. Resveratrol increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in LFD offspring in both sexes but decreased it in male HFD offspring. Resveratrol shifted the distribution of VAT adipocyte size to a significantly higher incidence of large adipocytes, regardless of sex or maternal diet. These results clearly demonstrate that maternal resveratrol intake has long-lasting effects on metabolic health of offspring in a sex specific manner with these effects being highly dependent on the maternal diet.

scholarly journals Early life programming in mice by maternal overnutrition: mechanistic insights and interventional approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1770) ◽  
pp. 20180116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Nicholas ◽  
Susan E. Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Evolutionary Medicine ◽  
Early Life Programming ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Maternal Overnutrition ◽  
Offspring Health

Animal models have been indispensable in elucidating the potential causative mechanisms underlying the effects of maternal diet on offspring health. Of these, the mouse has been widely used to model maternal overnutrition and/or maternal obesity and to study its effects across one or more generations. This review discusses recent findings from mouse models, which resemble the human situation, i.e. overnutrition/obesity across pregnancy and lactation. It also highlights the importance of embryo transfer models in identifying critical developmental period(s) during which specific metabolic changes are programmed in the offspring. The mouse is also an excellent tool for maternal intervention studies aimed at elucidating the longer-term effects on the offspring and for defining possible maternal factors underling the programming of metabolic adversity in offspring. While knowledge of the mouse genome and the molecular tools available have allowed great progress to be made in the field, it is clear that we need to define if the effects on the offspring are mediated by maternal obesity per se or if specific components of the maternal metabolic environment are more important. We can then begin to identify at-risk offspring and to design more effective interventions for the mother and/or her child. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine’.

Diet during pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and later health

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne M. Moore ◽  
Michael J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Newborn Size

Renewed interest in nutrition during pregnancy has been generated by the hypothesis that adult disease has origins in early life. Animal experiments clearly show that altering maternal diet before and during pregnancy can induce permanent changes in the offspring’s birth size, adult health and lifespan. Among women living in Western societies, cigarette smoking is the most important factor known to reduce fetal growth, followed by low pre-pregnancy weight and low gestational weight gain. Obesity is also associated with pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes, so inadequate or excessive energy intake is not optimal for the developing fetus. Against a history of inconsistent results, several recent studies suggest that in Western settings the balance of macronutrients in a woman’s diet can influence newborn size. Effects appear to be modest, but this relationship may not encapsulate the full significance for health of the child, as there is emerging evidence of associations with long-term metabolic functioning that are independent of birth size. Consequences of inadequate maternal nutrition, for the offspring, may depend on timing during gestation, reflecting critical windows for fetal development. Where women are not malnourished, changing a woman’s nutritional plane during pregnancy may be detrimental to the unborn baby, and systematic reviews of the literature on dietary supplementation during pregnancy indicate few benefits and possible risks. In view of this, improved diet before pregnancy deserves greater attention.

scholarly journals Impact of early-life diet on long-term renal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nüsken ◽  
Jenny Voggel ◽  
Gregor Fink ◽  
Jörg Dötsch ◽  
Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

AbstractIn the last years, great advances have been made in the effort to understand how nutritional influences can affect long-term renal health. Evidence has accumulated that maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy and lactation as well as early postnatal nutrition is of special significance. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic and experimental data on the renal effects of perinatal exposure to energy restriction, low-protein diet, high-fat diet, high-fructose diet, and high- and low-salt diet as well as micronutrient deficiencies. Interestingly, different modifications during early-life diet may end up with similar sequelae for the offspring. On the other hand, molecular pathways can be influenced in opposite directions by different dietary interventions during early life. Importantly, postnatal nutrition significantly modifies the phenotype induced by maternal diet. Sequelae of altered macro- or micronutrient intakes include altered nephron count, blood pressure dysregulation, altered sodium handling, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. In addition, renal prostaglandin metabolism as well as renal AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling can be affected and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be dysregulated. Lately, the influence of early-life diet on gut microbiota leading to altered short chain fatty acid profiles has been discussed in the etiology of arterial hypertension. Against this background, the preventive and therapeutic potential of perinatal nutritional interventions regarding kidney disease is an emerging field of research. Especially individuals at risk (e.g., newborns from mothers who suffered from malnutrition during gestation) could disproportionately benefit from well-targeted dietary interventions.

Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
Claudia Reyes-Goya ◽  
Álvaro Santana-Garrido ◽  
Carmen M. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy

: Healthy lifestyle habits spanning from preconception to postpartum are considered as a major safeguard for achieving successful pregnancies and for the prevention of gestational diseases. Among preconception priorities established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are healthy diet and nutrition, weight management, physical activity, planned pregnancy and physical, mental and psychosocial health. Most studies covering the topic of healthy pregnancies focus on maternal diet because obesity increases the risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, large for gestational age newborns, or preeclampsia. Thus, foods rich in vegetables, essential and polyunsaturated fats and fibre-rich carbohydrates should be promoted especially in overweight, obese or diabetic women. An adequate intake of micronutrients (e.g. iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D and carotenoids) is also crucial to support pregnancy and breastfeeding. Moderate physical activity throughout pregnancy improves muscle tone and function, besides decreasing the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabesity (i.e. diabetes associated with obesity) and postpartum overweight. Intervention studies claim that an average of 30 min of exercise/day contributes to long-term benefits for maternal overall health and wellbeing. Other factors such as microbiome modulation, behavioural strategies (e.g. smoking cessation, anxiety/stress reduction and sleep quality), maternal genetics and age, social class and education might also influence the maternal quality of life. These factors contribute to ensure a healthy pregnancy, or at least to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during pregnancy and later in life.

Differential Effects of Maternal Diets on Birth Outcomes and Metabolic Parameters in Rats After Ethanol Consumption during Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Yidi Wang ◽  
Bradley A. Feltham ◽  
Michael N. A. Eskin ◽  
Miyoung Suh
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Abstract Maternal nutrition status plays an important role in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but its direct evidence is lacking. This study compared a standard chow with a semi-purified energy dense (E-dense) diet on birth and metabolic outcomes in rats after ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: chow (n=6), chow+EtOH (20% v/v) (n=7), E-dense (n=6), and E-dense+EtOH (n=8). Birth outcomes including litter size, body and organ weights were collected. Metabolic parameters were measured in dams and pups at postnatal day (PD) 7. Maternal EtOH consumption decreased body weights (p <0.0001) and litter sizes (p <0.05) in chow-fed dams. At PD7, pups born to dams fed E-dense diet had higher body (p <0.002) and liver weights (p <0.0001). These pups also had higher plasma total cholesterol (p <0.0001), triacyclglycerol (p <0.003) and alanine aminotransferase (p <0.03) compared to those from chow-fed dams. Dams fed E-dense diet had higher plasma total- (p <0.0001) and HDL-cholesterol (p <0.0001) and lower glucose (p <0.0001). EtOH increased total cholesterol (p <0.03) and glucose (p <0.05) only in dams fed the E-dense diet. Maternal exposure to E-dense diet attenuated prenatal EtOH-induced weight loss and produced different metabolic outcomes in both dams and pups. While the long-lasting effects of these outcomes are unknown, this study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality for maternal health and infant growth, and suggests that maternal nutrition intervention may be a potential target for alleviating FASD.

scholarly journals The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Giulia Vizzari ◽  
Sara Vizzuso ◽  
Jacopo Cerasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant’s health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring’s health outcome.

106 The Effects of Fetal Programming on Offspring Pancreas DNA Methylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Maria L Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Maternal Programming ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Abstract It has been well documented that fetal programming, caused by changes to the maternal environment during pregnancy, can impact the overall health and growth of the offspring in livestock and non-livestock species alike. These effects are observed in the F1 offspring as well as across subsequent generations; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are still poorly understood. Epigenetics is one of the many mechanisms that is hypothesized to have a role in fetal programming and may be mediating the observed effects across multiple generations. It has been demonstrated by others that DNA methylation patterns can be altered by an individuals’ diet and that the pancreas is vulnerable to the effects of fetal programming. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on the pancreas tissue of lambs. We have demonstrated that maternal under- or overnutrition during gestation alters the DNA methylation patterns of the offspring pancreas tissue with these effects being diet dependent and sex specific. We have also begun evaluating the effects of maternal diet in murine models using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to compare species differences and determine if there are any changes conserved across species. This will allow us to focus on a smaller number of critical factors in individuals as they age and across multiple generations in livestock species such as sheep and cattle. From these data we will be able to elucidate the role DNA methylation has in mediating the effects of maternal programming in the pancreas tissue.

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