scholarly journals Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Ludovica Leone ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

scholarly journals Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5851
Author(s):  
Buket Şengül ◽  
Hamid Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Insight Into

When considering the sharp growth rate of the use of e-micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, it is necessary to investigate whether these emerging modes of transport play a sustainable role in cities in terms of their energy efficiency, emissions, and their relationship with other modes of mobility, such as public transport. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of e-micromobility through a systematic review of relevant studies in the field of e-scooters and e-bikes. We followed the steps of PRISMA to conduct a systematic literature review, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. One hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and compiled, and 29 of these studies were selected for the focus of this review and their research data were synthesized. The impacts of e-micromobilities were categorized into four categories—travel behaviors, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and safety and related regulations. The category of travel behaviors includes the analysis of the purposes of travel, modal shift from different modes of transport to e-micromobility vehicles, average travel time, and distance. In this review, the findings of relevant studies in different cities around world are compared to each other and synthesized to give an insight into the role of e-micromobility in the present and in the future of urban transportation.

scholarly journals Detecting Emotions through Electrodermal Activity in Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7869
Author(s):  
Anne Horvers ◽  
Natasha Tombeng ◽  
Tibor Bosse ◽  
Ard W. Lazonder ◽  
Inge Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Insight Into

There is a strong increase in the use of devices that measure physiological arousal through electrodermal activity (EDA). Although there is a long tradition of studying emotions during learning, researchers have only recently started to use EDA to measure emotions in the context of education and learning. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into how EDA is currently used in these settings. The review aimed to investigate the methodological aspects of EDA measures in educational research and synthesize existing empirical evidence on the relation of physiological arousal, as measured by EDA, with learning outcomes and learning processes. The methodological results pointed to considerable variation in the usage of EDA in educational research and indicated that few implicit standards exist. Results regarding learning revealed inconsistent associations between physiological arousal and learning outcomes, which seem mainly due to underlying methodological differences. Furthermore, EDA frequently fluctuated during different stages of the learning process. Compared to this unimodal approach, multimodal designs provide the potential to better understand these fluctuations at critical moments. Overall, this review signals a clear need for explicit guidelines and standards for EDA processing in educational research in order to build a more profound understanding of the role of physiological arousal during learning.

scholarly journals Breast milk and cognitive development—the role of confounders: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. e003259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asnat Walfisch ◽  
Corey Sermer ◽  
Alex Cressman ◽  
Gideon Koren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Breast Milk

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and COVID-19: From Nutrition to Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Vassilopoulou ◽  
Gavriela Feketea ◽  
Lemonica Koumbi ◽  
Christina Mesiari ◽  
Elena Camelia Berghea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Available Information

Breastfeeding not only provides the optimum source of nutrients for the neonate and its first strong shield against infection but also lays the foundation for somatic and psychological bonding between the mother and child. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, although the guidelines of the relevant international and national agencies recommend breastfeeding by SARS-CoV-2–infected mothers, considerable insecurity persists in daily clinical practice regarding the safety of the infants and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of discontinuation of breastfeeding. This is a systematic review of the currently available information regarding the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 through or while breastfeeding and the protection against infection that breast milk might provide. The accumulated body of knowledge regarding the role of breast milk in the development of the neonatal immune system and protection against infection by other respiratory viruses is discussed, with a focus on the anti-inflammatory role of the antibodies, microbes, and viruses provided to the infant in breast milk and its relevance to the case of SARS-CoV-2.

Novel Aspects of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/insulin Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (42) ◽  
pp. 7256-7263
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ruan ◽  
Jing Deng ◽  
Kejing Ying
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Igf1 Receptor ◽  
Insight Into

At least a proportion of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory airway diseases respond poorly to the bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapies. There is a need for the development of improved anti-inflammatory treatment. Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin participate in not only metabolism and glucose homeostasis, but also many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including growth and inflammation. Recently, it was shown that not only the classical IGF1 and IGF1 Receptor (IGF1R), but also the other molecules in the IGF1/insulin network, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP protease, have roles in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into recent endeavors devoted to the role of the IGF1/insulin network in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Its participation in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR), as well as acute exacerbation, has been conclusively demonstrated. Its possible relation to glucocorticoid insensitivity has also been indicated. A better understanding of the IGF1/insulin network by further bench-to-bedside research may provide us with rational clinical therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Dietary Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Unsaturated Fat Sources in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Hannon ◽  
Sharon V. Thompson ◽  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Margarita Teran-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently treated with dietary interventions before pharmacotherapy is given. Diets high in unsaturated fat have proven advantageous to disease treatment. Aims: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the evidence of the effect of saturated fatty acids (SFA) replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in metabolically healthy adults with overweight and obesity on markers of dyslipidemia and body composition. Methods: Keyword search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of fatty acid substitution in adults with overweight and obesity. Meta-analysis was performed on interventions assessing lipoprotein levels and body composition. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot inspection, Begg's, and Egger's test. Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 663 participants were included in the review, with intervention durations between 4 and 28 weeks. Although nonsignificant (p = 0.06), meta-analysis found UFA replacement to reduce total cholesterol concentrations by 10.68 mg/dL (95%CI -21.90 to 0.53). Reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: Due to null results and a small number of studies included, there is no strong evidence that replacement of SFA with UFA may benefit lipid profiles in this population.

Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila E. Orsso ◽  
Maria Ines B. Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Gonzalez ◽  
Daniela A. Rubin ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

scholarly journals Macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19: a living, systematic review

Medwave ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. e8073-e8073
Author(s):  
Catalina Verdejo ◽  
Laura Vergara-Merino ◽  
Nicolás Meza ◽  
Javier Pérez-Bracchiglione ◽  
Natalia Carvajal-Juliá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Registration Number

Objective This living, systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of macrolides for treating patients with COVID-19. Design A living, systematic review. Database We conducted searches in the centralized repository L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from the Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. Today it is maintained through regular searches in 39 databases. Methods We included randomized trials evaluating the effect of macrolides — as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomized trials evaluating macrolides in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 were searched in case we found no direct evidence from randomized trials. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Measures included all-cause mortality; the need for invasive mechanical ventilation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of hospital stay, respiratory failure, serious adverse events, time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativity. We applied the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates. Results The search in the L·OVE platform retrieved 424 references. We considered 260 as potentially eligible and were reviewed in full texts. We included one randomized clinical trial that evaluated the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine compared to hydroxychloroquine alone in hospitalized patients with COVID 19. The estimates for all outcomes evaluated resulted in insufficient power to draw conclusions. The quality of the evidence for the main outcomes was low to very low. Conclusions Macrolides in the management of patients with COVID 19 showed no beneficial effects compared to standard of care. The evidence for all outcomes is inconclusive. Larger trials are needed to determine the effects of macrolides on pulmonary and other outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020181032 Protocol preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/rvp59

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