Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila E. Orsso ◽  
Maria Ines B. Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Gonzalez ◽  
Daniela A. Rubin ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Overweight

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Dietary Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Unsaturated Fat Sources in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget A. Hannon ◽  
Sharon V. Thompson ◽  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Margarita Teran-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

Background: Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently treated with dietary interventions before pharmacotherapy is given. Diets high in unsaturated fat have proven advantageous to disease treatment. Aims: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the evidence of the effect of saturated fatty acids (SFA) replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in metabolically healthy adults with overweight and obesity on markers of dyslipidemia and body composition. Methods: Keyword search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of fatty acid substitution in adults with overweight and obesity. Meta-analysis was performed on interventions assessing lipoprotein levels and body composition. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot inspection, Begg's, and Egger's test. Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 663 participants were included in the review, with intervention durations between 4 and 28 weeks. Although nonsignificant (p = 0.06), meta-analysis found UFA replacement to reduce total cholesterol concentrations by 10.68 mg/dL (95%CI -21.90 to 0.53). Reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: Due to null results and a small number of studies included, there is no strong evidence that replacement of SFA with UFA may benefit lipid profiles in this population.

scholarly journals Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Ludovica Leone ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

scholarly journals Frequency of Eating and Growth, Size, Body Composition, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Heymsfield ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Heather Leidy ◽  
Richard Mattes ◽  
Ronald Kleinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

scholarly journals Body Composition in Infants of Different Ethnicities Living At High Altitudes. A Systematic Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayneri León Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
High Altitudes

ABSTRACT The objective of this systematic review was: to identify the main results achieved by research evaluating body composition in children of different ethnicities living at high altitudes. A systematic review was carried out using the prism method, searching for information in databases such as PUDMED, SCOPUS, and SCIELO. The elements used for the search were: population, children, adolescents, obesity, overweight, ethnic groups, altitude and characteristics of body composition. Among the main results, it was found that 4345 (78.8%) boys and girls had normal weight, while 15.43 percent were overweight and obese. Concluding that, in indigenous populations with age groups from 0 to 14 years, there was a predominance of normal weight, observing high values of overweight and obesity in preschool ages.

scholarly journals Beverage Consumption and Growth, Size, Body Composition, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mayer-Davis ◽  
Heather Leidy ◽  
Richard Mattes ◽  
Timothy Naimi ◽  
Rachel Novotny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Beverage Consumption

Prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity in European children from 1999 to 2016: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrido-Miguel M ◽  
Cavero-Redondo I ◽  
Alvarez-Bueno C ◽  
Rodriguez-Artalejo F ◽  
Moreno LA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

scholarly journals The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Farley ◽  
Lily M. Barrett ◽  
Justin W. L. Keogh ◽  
Carl T. Woods ◽  
Nikki Milne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. Methods Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. Results A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18–20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and ‘any injury’ classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0–27%), muscular strength (0–27%), and body composition (14–33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed ‘unknown’ or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. Conclusion Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. Trial Registration CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Possibilities of Prevention and Treatment: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Monika Grabia ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Katarzyna Socha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review shows that, apart from the growing percentage of overweight and obese children and adolescents with T1DM (on average 20.1% and 9.5%, respectively), the problem of the increasing incidence of MetS (range from 3.2 to 29.9%, depending on the criteria used) is one of the most important phenomena of our time. One of the methods of prevention and treatment is a combined approach: changing eating habits and lifestyle, but there are also reports about the beneficial effects of the gut microflora.

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