scholarly journals Food Intake and Satiety Response after Medium-Chain Triglycerides Ingested as Solid or Liquid

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Tyler Maher ◽  
Alistair Sampson ◽  
Magdalena Goslawska ◽  
Cristina Pangua-Irigaray ◽  
Amir Shafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Subsequent Intake

Consuming medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may reduce subsequent energy intake and increase satiety compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCT) but this may be dependent on the physical form in which MCT is ingested. Twenty-nine participants completed four trials where they consumed a breakfast containing either LCT or MCT in solid (Con-S and MCT-S, respectively) or liquid (Con-L and MCT-L, respectively) form. Appetite ratings and gastric emptying (GE) were taken at baseline and at 15 min intervals for 4 h. Energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum meal and via weighed food records for the remainder of the day. Ad libitum energy intake was highest in Con-L (4101 ± 1278 kJ vs. Con-S, 3323 ± 1196; MCT-S, 3516 ± 1058; MCT-L, 3257 ± 1345; p = 0.001). Intake over the whole day was significantly lower in MCT-L (7904 ± 3244) compared to Con-L (9531 ± 3557; p = 0.001). There were significant differences in GE times (p < 0.05), with MCT breakfasts delaying GE to a greater extent than LCT, and MCT-L having the longest GE times. There were no differences in appetite sensations. MCT reduce subsequent intake without affecting subjective sensations of appetite when consumed in liquid form.

scholarly journals The effects of short term lipid infusion on plasma and hepatic bile lipids in humans

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pakula ◽  
F M Konikoff ◽  
A M Moser ◽  
F Greif ◽  
A Tietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

BACKGROUNDPatients on parenteral nutrition have an increased incidence of gall bladder sludge and gallstone disease, thought to be related to bile stasis. Intravenous lipid emulsions, especially those containing medium chain triglycerides, have also been shown to have a lithogenic effect on the composition of bile in the gall bladder.AIMSTo determine whether lipid infusion influences hepatic bile composition in patients with an indwelling T tube following cholecystectomy and choledochotomy.METHODSIn eight patients undergoing the above surgical procedure, the time at which effects of the interrupted enterohepatic circulation were minimal was determined. Twenty two cholesterol gallstone patients with bile fistula were then randomised to receive an infusion of a lipid emulsion containing either long chain triglycerides or a mixture of long and medium chain triglycerides.RESULTSLipid infusion resulted in a significant increase in plasma levels of triglycerides and phospholipids. Both lipid emulsions caused an increase in hepatic biliary cholesterol level and cholesterol saturation index, but this effect was more pronounced with medium chain triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of biliary phospholipids showed a significant enrichment of linoleic acid by both lipid infusions.CONCLUSIONSInfusion of triglycerides causes lithogenic changes in hepatic bile composition in humans, the lithogenic effect of infusion of medium chain triglycerides being more pronounced than that of long chain triglycerides. This effect, coupled with gall bladder stasis, may be responsible for the increased risk of biliary sludge and gallstone formation in patients on long term lipid infusion.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides on plasma pancreatic polypeptide secretion in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphons J.L. de Jong ◽  
Wim P.M. Hopman ◽  
Jan B.M.J. Jansen ◽  
Cornelis B.H.W. Lamers
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

Encapsulation of pterostilbene in nanoemulsions: influence of lipid composition on physical stability, in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility, and Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 6604-6614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyuan Liu ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Yang Qin ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Monolayer Permeability ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

Nanoemulsions fabricated using medium chain triglycerides as carrier lipid are more effective for delivering pterostilbene than long chain triglycerides.

scholarly journals Appetite and physiological responses to medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in lean vs overweight/obese participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Maher ◽  
Martina Deleuse ◽  
Sangeetha Thondre ◽  
Miriam Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Total Ghrelin

AbstractMedium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are lipids which have been shown to yield appetite-suppressing properties compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCT), which are more commonly found in the diet. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has also been shown to increase satiety and decrease subsequent energy intake, although CLA has received much less attention to date. The mechanisms behind the appetite-suppressing properties are yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, no study has directly compared these effects or mechanisms in overweight/obese individuals to a group of healthy-weight weight controls.Fifteen healthy-weight (BMI: 22.7 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and fourteen overweight/obese (BMI: 30.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2) individuals participated in a randomised single-blind cross-over study. Overnight fasted participants were fed smoothie breakfasts containing either 23.06 g vegetable oil (LCT), 25.0 g MCT oil (MCT), or 6.25 g CLA and 16.8 g vegetable oil (CLA) on separate test days. Subjective appetite ratings, peptide YY (PYY), total ghrelin, β-hydroxybutyrate, and gastric emptying (GE) were measured throughout each trial. Energy intake in the laboratory was measured at a buffet meal 3-h after the smoothie breakfast and for the following ~36-h in their free-living environment via food records.Energy intake and subjective appetite ratings were not affected by weight status, so results are presented as a whole. MCT reduced energy intake compared to LCT over the trial day and whole 48-h period, but not at the ad libitum lunch. There was no difference between CLA and LCT at any time point. There were no differences in postprandial subjective appetite ratings between trials. PYY concentrations were not affected by weight status (P = 0.170), and did not differ between trials (P = 0.743) and total ghrelin was also not affected by weight status (P = 0.306), and concentrations were similar between trials (P = 0.188). β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were higher in the overweight/obese group compared to the lean group (P = 0.009), and MCT led to increased concentrations compared to both LCT (P = 0.005) and CLA (P < 0.001). MCT delayed GE half-time (P < 0.001), lag-phase (P < 0.001), latency phase (P = 0.01), and ascension time (P < 0.001) compared to LCT, with no differences in GE between LCT and CLA (all P > 0.05).MCT consumption reduces intake over the subsequent 48-h, whereas CLA has no effect compared to LCT. This does not appear to be related to PYY or total ghrelin, but may be mediated by β-hydroxybutyrate or via a delay of gastric emptying.

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