scholarly journals Bridging the Reciprocal Gap between Sleep and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, Implications, and Directions for Future Work

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essra Noorwali ◽  
Laura Hardie ◽  
Janet Cade
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and there is increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support a reciprocal relationship between the two. This review provides an overview of experimental and observational studies assessing the relations between sleep and FV consumption from 52 human adult studies. Experimental studies are currently limited and show inconsistent results. Observational studies support a non-linear association with adults sleeping the recommended 7–9 hours/day having the highest intakes of FV. The potential mechanisms linking sleep and FV consumption are highlighted. Disrupted sleep influences FV consumption through homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms. Conversely, FV consumption may influence sleep through polyphenol content via several potential pathways. Few human experimental studies have examined the effects of FV items and their polyphenols on sleep and there is a need for more studies to address this. An appreciation of the relationship between sleep and FV consumption may help optimize sleep and FV consumption and may reduce the burden of chronic diseases. This review provides implications for public health and directions for future work.

Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Ji ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Guangke Li ◽  
Nan Sang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

scholarly journals Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8332
Author(s):  
Marek Fol ◽  
Piotr Koziński ◽  
Jakub Kulesza ◽  
Piotr Białecki ◽  
Magdalena Druszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
The Relationship

Although the therapeutic effect of mycobacteria as antitumor agents has been known for decades, recent epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that mycobacterium-related chronic inflammation may be a possible mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium avium complex infections have been implicated as potentially contributing to the etiology of lung cancer, whereas Mycobacterium ulcerans has been correlated with skin carcinogenesis. The risk of tumor development with chronic mycobacterial infections is thought to be a result of many host effector mechanisms acting at different stages of oncogenesis. In this paper, we focus on the nature of the relationship between mycobacteria and cancer, describing the clinical significance of mycobacteria-based cancer therapy as well as epidemiological evidence on the contribution of chronic mycobacterial infections to the increased lung cancer risk.

Abstract P070: The Relationship Between Weight and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Assessed by Serum Carotenoids and Self-Report: Results from the PREMIER Trial

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie L Parker ◽  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Diane C Mitchell ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Yeh ◽  
Cheryl Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Serum Carotenoids ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Increased intake of fruits and vegetables (F/V) may protect against adiposity, but effects on weight have been inconsistent. Our objective was to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and weight, using direct and indirect measures of dietary intake: self-reported 24-hour recall and serum carotenoid levels. Methods: Participants from the PREMIER lifestyle intervention trial were included in this analysis (n=554). Dietary measures included 24-hour dietary recalls and serum carotenoid levels, from a fasting blood sample. The outcome was weight in pounds. Nested linear mixed models were used to examine the association between F/V and weight. Results: Mean F/V increased from 4.6 (SD 2.4) to 5.6 (SD 3.2) (p=<.01), mean serum carotenoids increased from 53.2 (SD 31.9) to 68.1 (SD 42.5) (p=<.01). At 18 months, participants in the lowest quintile of fruit and vegetable change reported an average intake of 4.42.8 servings of fruits and vegetables, and those in the highest quintile of change reported an average intake of 7.73.2 servings. In a multivariate model adjusting for age, race, gender, intervention, energy, study site, and time, lower body weight was associated with higher F/V intake measured by dietary recall (−0.63 lbs, 95% CI −0.83 to −0.42, per 1 serving increase in F/V) and serum carotenoids (−0.13 lbs, 95% CI −0.15 to −0.11, per 1 ug/dl increase in carotenoids). Results were somewhat attenuated but consistent after additional adjustments for working heart rate, exercise, calories from sugar-sweetened beverages, marital and employment status, and alcohol use . Conclusions: Greater fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with decreased body weight. Results were consistent for both objective and self-reported measures of fruit and vegetable intake.

Stages of Change and Psychosocial Correlates of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Rural African-American Church Members

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci Kramish Campbell ◽  
Michael Symons ◽  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Barbara Polhamus ◽  
Jay M. Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. This study examined the relationship between stages of change, other psychosocial factors, and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among rural African-Americans participating in a 5 a Day study. Design. The cross-sectional design assessed associations between F&V intake, stage of change, self-efficacy, beliefs, barriers, and social support. Setting. Participants were surveyed by telephone. Subjects. Subjects were 3557 adult church members (response rate, 79.1%), aged 18 and over from 10 North Carolina counties. Measures. A seven-item food frequency measured F&V intake. Stage of change was measured using four items; other psychosocial variables were measured using Likert scales. Chi-square tests and analysis of variance were used in statistical analyses. Results. The majority of participants (65 %) were in the preparation stage of change. Individuals in action/maintenance consumed an average of 6.5 daily F&V servings compared to 3.3 to 3.5 servings for those in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation. Self-efficacy, social support, and belief about how many daily F&V servings are needed, were positively associated with stage. Barriers were most prevalent among precontemplators. Conclusions. The findings support the applicability of the stages-of-change model to dietary change among rural African-Americans. The relationship between stage, self-efficacy, social support, and barriers supports using a multicomponent intervention strategy.

scholarly journals Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette A. Smit ◽  
Linda Grievink ◽  
Cora Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
The Relationship

The epidemiological evidence for a relationship between diet and indicators of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is evaluated. The review focuses on the intake of Na,n−3 fatty acids, and antioxidant vitamins as well as fruit and vegetables. Experimental studies suggest that a high-Na diet has a small adverse effect on airway reactivity in asthma patients. However, observational studies provide no clear evidence that high Na intake has adverse effects on airway reactivity or asthma symptoms in open populations.n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are present in fish oils, are metabolized into less broncho-constricting and inflammatory mediators thann−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in the general adult population suggest that a high fish intake has a beneficial effect on lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and clinically-manifest asthma or COPD is less evident. Also, experimental studies in asthma patients have not demonstrated an improvement in asthma severity after supplementation with fish oil. Several studies showed a beneficial association between fruit and vegetable intake and lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and the clinically-manifest disease was less convincing. A similar pattern was found for vitamin C in relation to indicators of asthma and COPD, but there are still conflicting results with respect to vitamin E and β-carotene. In conclusion, the epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect on indicators of asthma and COPD of eating fish, fruit and vegetables is increasing. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplementation in open-population samples is often not demonstrated. Several unresolved questions are raised, which should be addressed in future studies on the relationship between diet and respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and coronary heart disease in France and Northern Ireland: the PRIME study

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Dauchet ◽  
Jean Ferrières ◽  
Dominique Arveiler ◽  
John W. Yarnell ◽  
Fred Gey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
The Relationship

Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with low CHD risk in the USA and Northern Europe. There is, in contrast, little information about these associations in other regions of Europe. The goal of the present study was to assess the relationship between frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and CHD risk in two European populations with contrasting cardiovascular incidence rates; France and Northern Ireland. The present prospective study was in men aged 50–59 years, free of CHD, who were recruited in France (n 5982) and Northern Ireland (n 2105). Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident cases of acute coronary events and angina were recorded over a 5-year follow-up. During follow-up there was a total of 249 ischaemic events. After adjustment on education level, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, employment status, BMI, blood pressure, serum total and HDL-cholesterol, the relative risks (RR) of acute coronary events were 0·67 (95% CI 0·44, 1·03) and 0·64 (95% CI 0·41, 0·99) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of citrus fruit consumption, respectively (P for trend <0·03). Similar results were observed in France and Northern Ireland. In contrast, the RR of acute coronary events for ‘other fruit’ consumption were 0·70 (95% CI 0·31, 1·56) and 0·52 (95% CI 0·24, 1·14) respectively in Northern Ireland (trend P<0·05) and 1·29 (95% CI 0·69, 2·4) and 1·15 (95% CI 0·68, 1·94) in France (trend P=0·5; interaction P<0·04). There was no evidence for any association between vegetable intake and total CHD events. In conclusion, frequency of citrus fruit, but not other fruits, intake is associated with lower rates of acute coronary events in both France and Northern Ireland, suggesting that geographical or related factors might affect the relationship between fruit consumption and CHD risk.

scholarly journals Sleep Apnoea Adverse Effects on Cancer: True, False, or Too Many Confounders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8779
Author(s):  
David Gozal ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
Amanda I. Phipps ◽  
Francisco Campos-Rodriguez ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder associated with increased cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive morbidity. Recently, an increasing number of basic, clinical and epidemiological reports have suggested that OSA may also increase the risk of cancer, and adversely impact cancer progression and outcomes. This hypothesis is convincingly supported by biological evidence linking certain solid tumours and hypoxia, as well as by experimental studies involving cell and animal models testing the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize OSA. However, the clinical and epidemiological studies do not conclusively confirm that OSA adversely affects cancer, even if they hold true for specific cancers such as melanoma. It is likely that the inconclusive studies reflect that they were not specifically designed to test the hypothesis or because of the heterogeneity of the relationship of OSA with different cancer types or even sub-types. This review critically focusses on the extant basic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence while formulating proposed directions on how the field may move forward.

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