scholarly journals Comparison of Blood Profiles of γ-Oryzanol and Ferulic Acid in Rats after Oral Intake of γ-Oryzanol

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Kokumai ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Naoki Shimizu ◽  
Hiroyuki Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Absorption Profile ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Blood Profiles

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), a bioactive phytochemical abundant in cereals such as rice, has been reported to be mainly hydrolyzed to ferulic acid (FA) in the body. Meanwhile, in our previous study, we revealed that a part of OZ is absorbed into the body and exists in its intact form. However, the comprehensive absorption profile of OZ and its metabolites (e.g., FA) after OZ intake has not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we measured the concentrations of OZ, FA, and FA conjugates (i.e., FA sulfate and glucuronide) in the blood of rats with the use of HPLC-MS/MS after a single oral administration of 300 µmol/kg body weight of rice bran OZ (RBOZ). As a result, intact OZ along with FA and FA conjugates existed in the blood, which implied that these constituents may all contribute to the physiological effects under OZ intake. Additionally, when an equimolar amount of FA (300 µmol/kg body weight) was administered, it was found that the absorption profile of FA was significantly different from that when RBOZ was administered.

scholarly journals Efficacy Testing of Orally Administered Praziquantel to Common Carp Naturally Infected by Caryophyllidean Tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S73-S78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Sudová ◽  
Veronika Piačková ◽  
Josef Velíšek ◽  
Martin Pijáček ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Heat Treated

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of orally applied praziquantel on the treatment efficacy against most abundant tapeworms (Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 and Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). Naturally infected fish (1.5-year-old; K1-2) were divided into 6 groups. Three trial groups were administered praziquantel mixed in heat-treated amyloid vehicle (at doses of 50 mg kg-1 body weight). In 3 groups of control, the fish were administered amyloid vehicle only. Fish were examined using gut dissection 2, 4 and 6 days after the administration. The location, intensity and prevalence of individual species of tapeworms were recorded. A. huronensis and K. sinensis were found in the gut of carp together. A. huronensis was situated in the oesophageal part of foregut, and K. sinensis came after – immediately before the first intestine loop, of the intestines of carp. The invasion of A. huronensis was fully eliminated in all trial groups after 4 days whereas some specimens of K. sinensis still persisted in the gut of few fish. The full elimination of both parasites was observed 6 days after administration. Our results showed that elimination of K. sinensis takes longer than elimination of A. huronensis. The dose of 50 mg kg-1 of orally administered praziquantel is effectual to control A. huronensis and K. sinensis infections in common carp successfully, however, a significant decrease of the number of parasites was also caused by a single oral administration of big bolus vehicle and leaving unfed fish in the clean water.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. W. Lee ◽  
S. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 Strain on Sows during Gestation-Lactation and the Derived Impact on Their Progeny Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
César Betancur ◽  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
Rogel Castillo ◽  
Xinghua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Study Results

Background. To evaluate the biological response of the sows and their offspring with oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows, a total of 20 Pietrain breeding sows with three farrowings and their descendants were used, randomly divided into two groups of 10 sows each. Treatments included a basal diet (T0) and basal diet +10 mL biological agent containing 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum CAM6 (T1). No antibiotics were used throughout the entire experimental process of this study. Results. The L. Plantarum CAM6 supplementation in sows’ feeding did not affect ( P > 0.05 ) the reproductive performance of the sows; however, the number of deaths for their offspring before weaning ( P ≤ 0.05 ) decreased. In addition, the oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in sows increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the content of lactose, nonfat solids, mineral salts, and the density of sows’ milk, with a decrease in milk fat. Moreover, the probiotic feed orally to the sows improved the body weight ( P ≤ 0.05 ) and reduced the diarrhea incidence of their offspring ( P ≤ 0.05 ). Also, the probiotic administration of sows changed ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the serum concentration of Na+, pCO2, and D-β-hydroxybutyrate and increased ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in their piglets. Conclusion. Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 in breeding sows improved body weight, physiological status, and the health of their offspring. And preparing the neonatal piglets physiologically is of great importance to the pig farming industry which could decrease the operational cost and medication (especially antibiotics) consumption of the pig producers.

scholarly journals Estimation of paracetamol in urine to assess the diurnal variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithun Chandro Bhowmik ◽  
Mir Misbahuddin ◽  
Habiba Akhter Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Evening Dose ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paracetamol Tablet

<p class="Abstract">The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diurnal variation of the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol by estimating the urinary free paracetamol level after single oral administration of paracetamol (500 mg) tablet to 24 healthy male volunteers (students of a Medical College). The volunteers were given paracetamol tablet at 0800, 1400 and 2000 hours in three different days (two weeks apart) and the urine samples of the volunteers were collected at just before and four hours after paracetamol administration. The samples were analyzed for free paracetamol using HPLC. The mean age was 21.1 ± 1.3 years and the body weight was 63.9 ± 10.9 kg. Three peaks were detected in the HPLC and one of them was identified for free paracetamol (RT= 4.7 min). The urine volume was nearly similar in all three times. After administration at 0800 hour, total free paracetamol excretion was significantly more than at 1400 and 2000 hours (p&lt;0.001). The present study indicates that the dose reduction of paracetamol is required at morning than the afternoon or evening dose. </p>

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic disposition in sheep of various vitamin E preparations given orally or intravenously

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hidiroglou ◽  
K. Karpinski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Single Oral Administration

1. Increases in plasma tocopherol concentrations were compared in sheep after a single oral administration of (per kg body-weight): 67 mg D- and 91 mg DL-epimers of α-tocopherol, and 74 mg D- and 100 mg DL-epimers of α-tocopheryl acetate, or intravenous administration of DL-α-tocopherol and DL-epimers of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.2. The results showed that biological availability was higher after D-α-tocopherol dosing than after the other forms. Intravenous administration of D-α-tocopherol acetate was a more effective way of dosing in sheep than equivalent intravenous amounts of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate or DL-α-tocopherol.

scholarly journals Dincharya for Shodhan Snehapan-a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra More
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fatty Substance ◽  
The One

Snehan is the therapy by which different types of fatty substances are administered to the body both internally and externally. The entire snehan processes may be classified into,  a) external snehan and b) internal snehan .Primarily the oral administration  of sneha is understood as it is the pillar among the heading Panchakarma. Oral intake of fatty substance in certain dose for a scheduled duration is advised before undergoing shodhan procedures viz.Vaman and Virechan. After having sneha daily certain rules has to be followed. The one who has taken sneha should be very particular about the below mentioned guidelines for proper absorption.  Dincharya (daily regimen) is one of the principles mentioned in Ayurveda .life style refers to dietary and behavioural pattern of an individual followed daily.

scholarly journals Study of the toxic effect of the drug “Incombivit”

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
T. M. Kaliuzhna ◽  
H. A. Fotina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Single Oral Administration

Modern veterinary medicine has made great strides in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, largely through the availability of highly effective drugs. One of the major challenges to development of effective, safe, competitive drugs in Ukraine is the creation of an effective system of pre-clinical trials that meet international standards. The toxicity study is a mandatory phase trials of new drugs. The drug “Inkombivit” accommodates only available endogenous biologically active substances, which are natural feed ingredients for animals and are naturally present in animal tissues. All active pharmaceutical ingredients used in drug “Inkombivit”, by the EU regulation No. 37/2010 related to non-hazardous for animals and people compounds. The LD50 of most active pharmaceutical ingredients included in the drug “Incombivit” for mice when administered orally ranges from 5000 to 10000 mg/kg body weight, except for some active pharmaceutical ingredients when they are contained in milligram amounts in 1 liter of the drug, for which LD50 less than 1000 mg/kg body weight of animals. Incombivit is a combination drug that contains fat- and water-soluble vitamins, trace elements and amino acids that normalize metabolism, increase overall resistance, improve productivity, safety and reproductive functions of animals. Acute toxicity of the drug was studied on 50 white mice weighing 19–21 g and on 20 white rats weighing 250–295 g. The animals were kept in accordance with sanitary norms and rules on a standard diet (compound feed) adopted in the vivarium. The acute LD50 of Incombivit for a single oral administration is 7500 ± 229.95 mg/kg body weight for mice and 6250 ± 375.50 mg/kg body weight for rats. Incombivit can be classified as hazard class 4 according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76 and to category 5 according to the International Global Harmonized System (GHS) classification, as its LD50 for mice and rats with a single oral administration exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Application of aflubine in the treatment scheme for pigs with respiratory syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Rybachuk ◽  
O. Ye. Galatyuk ◽  
T. O. Romanyshyna
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Positive Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Physiological Limit ◽  
Clinical Healing

The article investigates into changes of clinical parameters and leukograms of pigs with respiratory syndrome in comparison with the use of unprotected antibiotics penicillins (amoxicillin suspension 15%), third generation cephalosporins (ceftracone) and complex therapy (ceftracone in combination with oral administration of aflubin). In pigs, many pathogens (bacteria and viruses) parasitize, which can affect the upper respiratory tract. Failure to observe the rules for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of animals leads to the formation of resistant forms of microorganisms. Therefore, the introduction of treatment regimens that simultaneously have a polyvectoral action and stimulate the functioning of the body systems (as well as the work of homeopathy), allows you to achieve a positive therapeutic effect more quickly. In a private household where pigs are kept fattened, the disease of pigs with respiratory syndrome is registered, mostly in 14–28 days after purchase. In such animals, body temperature increased to 41.0–41.1 degrees Celsius, fever, weakness, lack of appetite, animals buried in the litter, and in the leukoformula, a slight increase (by 4.8% excess of the upper physiological limit) of lymphocytes and a slight decrease in segmental nuclei neutrophils (by a maximum 1.2% below the minimum physiological level). From pigs with respiratory syndrome, on the principle of analogues, formed three groups of 4 animals. For treatment, the first group used emulsion amoxicillin 15% from the rate of 1 cm3/10 kg of body weight of the animal, the second - ceftriaxone (20 mg/kg body weight 2 times a day for 3–5 days), the third – with ceftriaxone aflubin at the expense 10 drops (0.5 cm3/60 kg body weight for 3 days). Pigs eagerly consumed the drug when we took the drug into the syringe and orally, inserting the cannula for the lower lip. Based on randomized controlled trials, the simultaneous use of ceftriaxone intramuscularly and oral administration of Aflubine every 4 hours (during the first day), and subsequently with an interval of 12 hours for 3 days, contributes to complete clinical healing within the first day after commencing the use of drugs and shortens the treatment period pigs in 2 times, than the introduction of only ceftraxone. Oral use of aflubin in pigs administered intramuscularly amoxicillin provided cure for the next 12 hours, manifested by the restoration of appetite. Consequently, administration of aflubine with ceftriaxone and amoxicillin provides a reduction in the duration of pigs’ treatment with respiratory syndrome, which will reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, we consider it expedient to introduce into the schemes of this homeopathic remedy treatment in the therapy of pigs with symptoms of the infectious etiology respiratory system.

scholarly journals The toxicity of the technical product, derived triazolinones

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
E.G. Chkhvirkiya ◽  
T.M. Epishina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Technical Product

Introduction. Technical products that are part of pesticides recommended for use in agriculture must undergo a comprehensive sanitary and Toxicological examination, which is the basis for preventing the adverse effects of pesticides on the health of workers and the population, as well as on the sanitary state of the environment. Purpose of research - the study of the biological effect of the technical product derived triazolinthionov, with its repeated oral intake in mammals (rats), justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. Chronic (12 months) experiment was conducted on male rats with a body weight of 200-210 g tested doses: 5.0; 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight (1 control and 3 experimental groups and 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water and food consumption, fixed the timing of death, recorded changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical and hematological parameters. Results. It was found that the dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight does not cause significant changes in all studied parameters, doses of 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight had a polytropic effect on the body of experimental animals. Discussion. The studied technical product at repeated intake in doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight causes changes in the state of the Central nervous system of animals (statistically significant changes in SPP, total activity, path length, rest time), as well as changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in biochemical and hematological indicators. Consequently, doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. The dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight, when administered in animals of the experimental group in comparison with animals of the control group, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. On the basis of an inactive dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight and a reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Conclusion. Studies have shown that long-term repeated oral administration of the studied product into the body of animals (male rats) at a dose of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight does not cause statistically significant changes in all the studied parameters, so the indicated dose is invalid. Doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg MT have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg is justified based on the inactive dose at the level of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight, established in a 12-month chronic experiment conducted on male rats, and the reserve coefficient of 100 (taking into account the unexpressed specific and long-term effects).

scholarly journals Immunological female role tested on artificial plugs in three scorpion species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela A. Oviedo-Diego ◽  
Camilo I. Mattoni ◽  
Alfredo V. Peretti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Genital Atrium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Genital Aperture ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractWithin arachnids, genital plugs are morphologically diverse, and they can be formed by male, female or be a contribution of both sexes. Although several species of scorpions with genital plugs are known, the physiological effects on the female after being plugged have not been well studied yet. This work compares three scorpion species, two with genital plugs and one without. We first describe the genital plugs morphology of twoUrophoniusspecies. Second, through the placement of artificial genital plugs in the female genital atrium, we tested 1) whether there are interspecific differences in the immune encapsulation response on the artificial genital plug, 2) if there are an effect in the hemocyte load in the hemolymph, and 3) if individual’s immunological parameters and body weight are correlated. Additionally, we describe and quantify the hemocytes in these species. In both species ofUrophonius, genital plugs were found covering the female genital aperture and blocking the genital atrium. The plugs consist of three zones that are distinct in morphology and coloration. We found different patterns of encapsulation and melanization on the artificial plug according to the species, with a greater and more specific response in females of plug producing species. Also, these species showed a decrease in the hemocyte load one month after the placement of the artificial plug, possibly due to the recirculation of the hemocytes into the genital area. In addition, correlations were found between the body weight and the immunological parameters, as well as between different immunological parameters. Our results suggest that females contribute to the formation of genital plugs by adding material and generating the darkening of the genital plugs in certain zones. This comparative study can help to provide a wider framework of different physiological consequences related to a particular postcopulatory mechanism such as the genital plugs.

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